amnesty.org
Amnesty International is a non-governmental organization with its headquarters in the United Kingdom focused on human rights. The organization says it has more than eight million members and supporters around the world. More information...
Multilingual Wikipedia
In June 2020 the website amnesty.org was on the 1,205th place in the ranking of the most reliable and popular sources in multilingual Wikipedia from readers' point of view (PR-score). If we consider only frequency of appearance of this source in references of Wikipedia articles (F-score), this website was on the 929th place in June 2020. From Wikipedians' point of view, "amnesty.org" is the 1,392nd most reliable source in different language versions of Wikipedia (AR-score).
The website is placed before badtaste.it and after windows.com in multilingual PR ranking of the most reliable sources in Wikipedia.
PR-score: 
1,205th place
1,205th place30,425,522
-1,349,009
AR-score: 
1,392nd place
1,392nd place3,758,815
+39,590
F-score: 929th place
929th place16,296
+234
English Wikipedia (en)
PR-score: 1,040th place
1,040th place18,507,057
-203,157
AR-score: 1,072nd place
1,072nd place1,989,802
+16,107
F-score: 702nd place
702nd place6,714
+49
Spanish Wikipedia (es)
PR-score: 863rd place
863rd place2,800,182
-675,847
AR-score: 1,209th place
1,209th place247,156
+3,541
F-score: 815th place
815th place921
+8
French Wikipedia (fr)
PR-score: 970th place
970th place1,541,075
-196,478
AR-score: 980th place
980th place305,414
+3,301
F-score: 691st place
691st place1,273
+13
German Wikipedia (de)
PR-score: 1,487th place
1,487th place1,263,498
-19,930
AR-score: 1,516th place
1,516th place208,762
+2,445
F-score: 1,026th place
1,026th place668
+5
Russian Wikipedia (ru)
PR-score: 2,634th place
2,634th place775,140
-94,470
AR-score: 3,326th place
3,326th place60,834
+1,967
F-score: 1,837th place
1,837th place415
+23
Chinese Wikipedia (zh)
PR-score: 1,520th place
1,520th place704,890
-30,960
AR-score: 1,554th place
1,554th place54,612
+533
F-score: 943rd place
943rd place424
+2
Breton Wikipedia (br)
PR-score: 1st place
1st place635,044
+634,787
AR-score: 2,167th place
2,167th place252
0
F-score: 787th place
787th place3
0
Arabic Wikipedia (ar)
PR-score: 485th place
485th place472,207
+6,446
AR-score: 546th place
546th place130,707
+1,376
F-score: 303rd place
303rd place970
+15
Portuguese Wikipedia (pt)
PR-score: 1,639th place
1,639th place458,265
-39,663
AR-score: 2,130th place
2,130th place49,691
+878
F-score: 1,531st place
1,531st place287
+13
Italian Wikipedia (it)
PR-score: 1,731st place
1,731st place404,939
-305,837
AR-score: 1,784th place
1,784th place94,645
+604
F-score: 1,227th place
1,227th place352
+3
Polish Wikipedia (pl)
PR-score: 1,567th place
1,567th place357,344
-167,827
AR-score: 2,671st place
2,671st place33,899
+2,109
F-score: 2,255th place
2,255th place175
+1
Dutch Wikipedia (nl)
PR-score: 808th place
808th place321,027
-7,128
AR-score:
965th place
60,172
+467
F-score: 650th place
650th place163
+27
Czech Wikipedia (cs)
PR-score: 721st place
721st place250,736
-135,948
AR-score: 1,096th place
1,096th place28,211
+190
F-score: 1,149th place
1,149th place116
0
Japanese Wikipedia (ja)
PR-score: 7,278th place
7,278th place204,846
-19,450
AR-score: 6,644th place
6,644th place17,901
+130
F-score: 3,721st place
3,721st place131
+4
Welsh Wikipedia (cy)
PR-score: 23rd place
23rd place156,197
+151,525
AR-score: 378th place
378th place4,178
+17
F-score: 809th place
809th place9
0
Persian Wikipedia (fa)
PR-score: 728th place
728th place156,091
+12,597
AR-score: 938th place
938th place28,969
+690
F-score:
454th place
220
+4
Swedish Wikipedia (sv)
PR-score: 918th place
918th place137,224
-105,026
AR-score: 983rd place
983rd place52,417
+66
F-score: 1,109th place
1,109th place138
0
Turkish Wikipedia (tr)
PR-score: 1,059th place
1,059th place132,599
-25,066
AR-score: 1,529th place
1,529th place21,588
-116
F-score: 1,083rd place
1,083rd place99
+7
Finnish Wikipedia (fi)
PR-score: 751st place
751st place131,257
+49,014
AR-score: 1,649th place
1,649th place26,751
+517
F-score: 956th place
956th place218
0
Vietnamese Wikipedia (vi)
PR-score: 1,061st place
1,061st place127,077
-25,521
AR-score: 794th place
794th place27,901
+612
F-score: 519th place
519th place327
+12
Korean Wikipedia (ko)
PR-score: 1,325th place
1,325th place85,309
+5,341
AR-score: 1,088th place
1,088th place20,897
+108
F-score: 710th place
710th place125
+2
Occitan Wikipedia (oc)
PR-score: 13th place
13th place72,796
+70,604
AR-score: 1,386th place
1,386th place569
0
F-score: 485th place
485th place7
0
Indonesian Wikipedia (id)
PR-score: 1,475th place
1,475th place71,429
-5,975
AR-score: 1,435th place
1,435th place13,206
+33
F-score: 985th place
985th place141
+1
Greek Wikipedia (el)
PR-score: 1,038th place
1,038th place56,702
-11,953
AR-score: 1,344th place
1,344th place9,241
+90
F-score:
757th place
107
+1
Hebrew Wikipedia (he)
PR-score: 1,157th place
1,157th place53,489
-14,639
AR-score: 694th place
694th place36,515
+617
F-score: 578th place
578th place103
+8
Catalan Wikipedia (ca)
PR-score: 731st place
731st place44,712
-19,489
AR-score:
809th place
38,275
+452
F-score: 580th place
580th place279
+4
Serbian Wikipedia (sr)
PR-score: 791st place
791st place44,041
+8,743
AR-score:
1,465th place
8,697
+69
F-score: 1,085th place
1,085th place67
0
Bulgarian Wikipedia (bg)
PR-score: 1,483rd place
1,483rd place41,665
-7,356
AR-score: 2,203rd place
2,203rd place6,352
+319
F-score: 1,621st place
1,621st place31
+1
Asturian Wikipedia (ast)
PR-score: 115th place
115th place39,812
+34,822
AR-score: 3,195th place
3,195th place1,013
0
F-score: 876th place
876th place62
0
Thai Wikipedia (th)
PR-score: 1,658th place
1,658th place39,476
+1,469
AR-score: 1,907th place
1,907th place6,068
+9
F-score: 1,048th place
1,048th place51
+3
Slovak Wikipedia (sk)
PR-score: 882nd place
882nd place34,059
-23,047
AR-score: 699th place
699th place9,331
0
F-score: 1,794th place
1,794th place16
0
Ukrainian Wikipedia (uk)
PR-score: 3,485th place
3,485th place33,117
-33,435
AR-score: 4,230th place
4,230th place7,529
+113
F-score: 1,696th place
1,696th place128
+2
Norwegian Wikipedia (no)
PR-score: 1,496th place
1,496th place29,966
-25,790
AR-score: 1,156th place
1,156th place26,428
+90
F-score: 1,376th place
1,376th place75
+1
Romanian Wikipedia (ro)
PR-score: 2,082nd place
2,082nd place25,286
-17,135
AR-score: 2,582nd place
2,582nd place4,696
+54
F-score: 537th place
537th place145
0
Hungarian Wikipedia (hu)
PR-score: 4,223rd place
4,223rd place24,395
-45,984
AR-score: 4,037th place
4,037th place6,001
+4
F-score: 2,081st place
2,081st place49
0
Danish Wikipedia (da)
PR-score: 1,902nd place
1,902nd place22,522
-4,772
AR-score:
1,441st place
10,202
+73
F-score: 1,428th place
1,428th place34
0
Simple English Wikipedia (simple)
PR-score: 1,308th place
1,308th place21,583
-6,230
AR-score: 640th place
640th place18,211
+1,163
F-score:
759th place
57
+2
Malay Wikipedia (ms)
PR-score: 1,109th place
1,109th place13,787
+1,661
AR-score: 1,224th place
1,224th place3,633
+98
F-score: 790th place
790th place58
+2
Lithuanian Wikipedia (lt)
PR-score: 1,103rd place
1,103rd place11,951
-6,042
AR-score: 3,073rd place
3,073rd place1,876
+1
F-score: 1,461st place
1,461st place11
0
Croatian Wikipedia (hr)
PR-score: 3,067th place
3,067th place9,992
-3,349
AR-score: 2,526th place
2,526th place3,388
+8
F-score: 1,696th place
1,696th place23
0
Slovenian Wikipedia (sl)
PR-score: 1,001st place
1,001st place9,404
-13,950
AR-score: 1,418th place
1,418th place2,517
+2
F-score: 3,503rd place
3,503rd place6
0
Bengali Wikipedia (bn)
PR-score: 1,150th place
1,150th place6,891
-1,974
AR-score: 753rd place
753rd place5,765
+19
F-score: 553rd place
553rd place83
0
Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia (sh)
PR-score: 981st place
981st place6,806
+364
AR-score: 877th place
877th place3,125
+5
F-score: 359th place
359th place82
+1
Faroese Wikipedia (fo)
PR-score: 96th place
96th place6,750
+287
AR-score: 167th place
167th place3,170
+50
F-score: 175th place
175th place10
0
Burmese Wikipedia (my)
PR-score: 188th place
188th place5,852
-1,734
AR-score:
350th place
1,481
+3
F-score: 193rd place
193rd place27
0
Hindi Wikipedia (hi)
PR-score: 1,942nd place
1,942nd place5,158
-2,900
AR-score: 1,067th place
1,067th place4,031
+280
F-score: 714th place
714th place36
0
Georgian Wikipedia (ka)
PR-score: 1,588th place
1,588th place4,936
-1,426
AR-score: 1,988th place
1,988th place1,517
+50
F-score: 845th place
845th place29
0
Malayalam Wikipedia (ml)
PR-score: 738th place
738th place4,835
-752
AR-score: 283rd place
283rd place10,292
+34
F-score: 184th place
184th place143
0
Urdu Wikipedia (ur)
PR-score: 517th place
517th place4,720
-1,551
AR-score: 556th place
556th place3,659
0
F-score: 273rd place
273rd place55
0
Albanian Wikipedia (sq)
PR-score: 906th place
906th place4,032
-3,563
AR-score: 1,462nd place
1,462nd place1,117
+41
F-score: 628th place
628th place21
+3
Basque Wikipedia (eu)
PR-score: 984th place
984th place4,031
-2,273
AR-score: 1,144th place
1,144th place3,232
0
F-score: 1,054th place
1,054th place17
0
Tamil Wikipedia (ta)
PR-score: 1,526th place
1,526th place3,850
-1,668
AR-score: 872nd place
872nd place4,576
+42
F-score: 561st place
561st place59
+1
Azerbaijani Wikipedia (az)
PR-score: 1,944th place
1,944th place3,575
-1,148
AR-score: 1,845th place
1,845th place2,266
0
F-score: 711th place
711th place45
0
Galician Wikipedia (gl)
PR-score: 1,200th place
1,200th place3,294
-1,580
AR-score: 1,041st place
1,041st place5,664
+45
F-score: 1,431st place
1,431st place27
0
Armenian Wikipedia (hy)
PR-score: 2,694th place
2,694th place2,538
-941
AR-score: 3,065th place
3,065th place1,771
+25
F-score: 1,352nd place
1,352nd place59
+7
Assamese Wikipedia (as)
PR-score: 264th place
264th place2,490
+261
AR-score: 924th place
924th place341
+52
F-score: 1,130th place
1,130th place4
0
Punjabi Wikipedia (pa)
PR-score: 505th place
505th place2,357
-975
AR-score: 397th place
397th place1,852
+31
F-score: 354th place
354th place27
+5
Cornish Wikipedia (kw)
PR-score: 27th place
27th place2,350
+100
AR-score:
18th place
2,050
0
F-score: 58th place
58th place1
0
Belarusian Wikipedia (be)
PR-score: 1,153rd place
1,153rd place2,104
+419
AR-score: 4,215th place
4,215th place560
+17
F-score: 908th place
908th place26
0
Bosnian Wikipedia (bs)
PR-score: 2,901st place
2,901st place1,928
+838
AR-score: 3,234th place
3,234th place855
+104
F-score: 674th place
674th place22
+1
Telugu Wikipedia (te)
PR-score: 1,033rd place
1,033rd place1,723
-1,623
AR-score: 1,725th place
1,725th place847
+1
F-score: 398th place
398th place31
0
Afrikaans Wikipedia (af)
PR-score: 1,799th place
1,799th place1,672
-344
AR-score: 2,496th place
2,496th place918
+1
F-score: 1,245th place
1,245th place11
0
Estonian Wikipedia (et)
PR-score: 4,630th place
4,630th place1,525
-101
AR-score: 3,610th place
3,610th place1,472
+6
F-score: 1,683rd place
1,683rd place23
0
Esperanto Wikipedia (eo)
PR-score: 1,306th place
1,306th place1,494
+38
AR-score: 1,110th place
1,110th place3,944
0
F-score: 1,165th place
1,165th place14
0
Latvian Wikipedia (lv)
PR-score: 3,874th place
3,874th place1,442
-3,695
AR-score: 5,684th place
5,684th place634
+1
F-score: 4,967th place
4,967th place4
0
Romansh Wikipedia (rm)
PR-score: 122nd place
122nd place1,392
-996
AR-score: 337th place
337th place253
0
F-score:
67th place
5
0
Icelandic Wikipedia (is)
PR-score: 759th place
759th place1,368
-1,569
AR-score: 717th place
717th place1,307
0
F-score: 570th place
570th place6
0
Macedonian Wikipedia (mk)
PR-score: 2,907th place
2,907th place1,297
-767
AR-score: 3,352nd place
3,352nd place812
+21
F-score: 900th place
900th place28
+2
Khmer Wikipedia (km)
PR-score: 371st place
371st place1,239
+289
AR-score: 819th place
819th place81
0
F-score: 537th place
537th place2
0
Luxembourgish Wikipedia (lb)
PR-score: 485th place
485th place1,150
+250
AR-score: 572nd place
572nd place1,785
0
F-score: 1,087th place
1,087th place2
0
Norwegian (Nynorsk) Wikipedia (nn)
PR-score: 1,671st place
1,671st place924
-291
AR-score: 1,289th place
1,289th place2,272
0
F-score: 557th place
557th place31
0
Scots Wikipedia (sco)
PR-score: 2,549th place
2,549th place873
-1,462
AR-score: 3,798th place
3,798th place304
+7
F-score: 917th place
917th place14
0
Belarusian (Taraškievica) Wikipedia (be-x-old)
PR-score: 1,463rd place
1,463rd place701
-185
AR-score: 1,723rd place
1,723rd place1,033
+17
F-score: 641st place
641st place15
0
Limburgish Wikipedia (li)
PR-score: 258th place
258th place665
+322
AR-score:
665th place
78
0
F-score: 893rd place
893rd place1
0
Alemannic Wikipedia (als)
PR-score: 1,195th place
1,195th place654
-120
AR-score: 774th place
774th place893
0
F-score: 744th place
744th place3
0
Tagalog Wikipedia (tl)
PR-score: 2,786th place
2,786th place521
+109
AR-score: 4,153rd place
4,153rd place274
+1
F-score: 1,728th place
1,728th place6
+1
Cantonese Wikipedia (zh-yue)
PR-score: 3,395th place
3,395th place514
-118
AR-score: 6,047th place
6,047th place97
0
F-score: 1,482nd place
1,482nd place5
0
Low Saxon Wikipedia (nds)
PR-score: 996th place
996th place508
-192
AR-score:
580th place
816
0
F-score: 1,117th place
1,117th place2
0
Latin Wikipedia (la)
PR-score: 1,819th place
1,819th place504
-130
AR-score: 2,153rd place
2,153rd place725
0
F-score: 1,805th place
1,805th place2
0
Sinhalese Wikipedia (si)
PR-score: 1,302nd place
1,302nd place471
-971
AR-score: 1,764th place
1,764th place113
0
F-score: 1,079th place
1,079th place4
0
Marathi Wikipedia (mr)
PR-score: 1,768th place
1,768th place466
-11
AR-score: 1,679th place
1,679th place533
0
F-score: 2,998th place
2,998th place1
0
Sorani Wikipedia (ckb)
PR-score: 1,558th place
1,558th place354
+26
AR-score: 1,414th place
1,414th place330
0
F-score: 260th place
260th place13
0
Extremaduran Wikipedia (ext)
PR-score: 216th place
216th place350
-425
AR-score:
453rd place
25
0
F-score:
453rd place
1
0
Kannada Wikipedia (kn)
PR-score: 2,977th place
2,977th place292
-339
AR-score: 2,111th place
2,111th place394
0
F-score: 688th place
688th place19
0
Ilokano Wikipedia (ilo)
PR-score: 1,602nd place
1,602nd place271
-114
AR-score: 2,083rd place
2,083rd place85
0
F-score: 1,168th place
1,168th place2
0
Hausa Wikipedia (ha)
PR-score: 304th place
304th place264
-808
AR-score: 233rd place
233rd place126
0
F-score: 209th place
209th place4
0
Aragonese Wikipedia (an)
PR-score: 1,254th place
1,254th place260
-80
AR-score: 862nd place
862nd place860
0
F-score: 1,614th place
1,614th place1
0
Karachay-Balkar Wikipedia (krc)
PR-score: 324th place
324th place244
-200
AR-score:
279th place
222
0
F-score:
300th place
1
0
Gujarati Wikipedia (gu)
PR-score: 2,019th place
2,019th place220
-18
AR-score: 3,740th place
3,740th place70
0
F-score: 1,250th place
1,250th place5
0
Swahili Wikipedia (sw)
PR-score: 2,176th place
2,176th place202
+155
AR-score: 2,226th place
2,226th place188
0
F-score: 1,195th place
1,195th place3
0
Nepali Wikipedia (ne)
PR-score: 3,304th place
3,304th place126
+38
AR-score: 5,934th place
5,934th place26
+1
F-score: 1,803rd place
1,803rd place3
0
Uzbek Wikipedia (uz)
PR-score: 2,992nd place
2,992nd place125
-164
AR-score: 2,443rd place
2,443rd place149
0
F-score: 601st place
601st place7
0
Western Punjabi Wikipedia (pnb)
PR-score: 2,308th place
2,308th place97
+20
AR-score: 3,804th place
3,804th place30
0
F-score: 790th place
790th place7
0
Mongolian Wikipedia (mn)
PR-score: 3,574th place
3,574th place85
-293
AR-score: 3,017th place
3,017th place135
0
F-score: 2,970th place
2,970th place1
0
Zazaki Wikipedia (diq)
PR-score: 769th place
769th place80
-128
AR-score: 640th place
640th place116
0
F-score:
240th place
3
0
Javanese Wikipedia (jv)
PR-score: 5,614th place
5,614th place78
0
AR-score: 8,529th place
8,529th place71
0
F-score: 8,408th place
8,408th place1
0
Sindhi Wikipedia (sd)
PR-score: 1,784th place
1,784th place68
-63
AR-score: 822nd place
822nd place126
0
F-score: 327th place
327th place5
0
Bashkir Wikipedia (ba)
PR-score: 6,657th place
6,657th place67
-30
AR-score: 6,959th place
6,959th place50
0
F-score: 1,968th place
1,968th place5
0
Kabardian Circassian Wikipedia (kbd)
PR-score: 148th place
148th place66
0
AR-score:
152nd place
33
0
F-score:
182nd place
1
0
Mirandese Wikipedia (mwl)
PR-score: 1,131st place
1,131st place56
-14
AR-score: 1,371st place
1,371st place27
0
F-score: 701st place
701st place2
0
Santali Wikipedia (sat)
PR-score: 1,506th place
1,506th place50
+25
AR-score: 760th place
760th place75
0
F-score: 1,373rd place
1,373rd place1
0
Egyptian Arabic Wikipedia (arz)
PR-score: 4,668th place
4,668th place36
-9
AR-score: 1,536th place
1,536th place327
0
F-score: 2,345th place
2,345th place1
0
Sundanese Wikipedia (su)
PR-score: 3,927th place
3,927th place35
-5
AR-score: 4,225th place
4,225th place23
0
F-score: 2,902nd place
2,902nd place2
0
Lao Wikipedia (lo)
PR-score: 621st place
621st place31
-51
AR-score: 497th place
497th place51
0
F-score:
155th place
3
0
Scottish Gaelic Wikipedia (gd)
PR-score: 2,870th place
2,870th place30
-29
AR-score: 2,992nd place
2,992nd place40
0
F-score: 2,006th place
2,006th place1
0
Irish Wikipedia (ga)
PR-score: 2,839th place
2,839th place25
-37
AR-score: 3,557th place
3,557th place12
0
F-score: 1,250th place
1,250th place2
0
Tatar Wikipedia (tt)
PR-score: 5,900th place
5,900th place25
-137
AR-score: 6,718th place
6,718th place23
0
F-score: 2,347th place
2,347th place2
0
Haitian Wikipedia (ht)
PR-score: 1,929th place
1,929th place21
-15
AR-score: 1,877th place
1,877th place13
0
F-score: 282nd place
282nd place4
0
Kazakh Wikipedia (kk)
PR-score: 7,538th place
7,538th place20
-69
AR-score: 7,610th place
7,610th place15
0
F-score: 2,662nd place
2,662nd place2
0
Ladino Wikipedia (lad)
PR-score: 1,052nd place
1,052nd place20
+10
AR-score: 1,216th place
1,216th place10
0
F-score:
1,268th place
1
0
Minangkabau Wikipedia (min)
PR-score: 2,443rd place
2,443rd place17
+9
AR-score: 2,943rd place
2,943rd place0
0
F-score: 684th place
684th place3
0
Western Armenian Wikipedia (hyw)
PR-score: 4,440th place
4,440th place16
-4
AR-score: 6,049th place
6,049th place0
0
F-score: 5,782nd place
5,782nd place1
0
Kirghiz Wikipedia (ky)
PR-score: 1,399th place
1,399th place15
+6
AR-score: 1,546th place
1,546th place5
0
F-score: 1,150th place
1,150th place1
0
Mingrelian Wikipedia (xmf)
PR-score: 2,070th place
2,070th place14
-28
AR-score: 1,688th place
1,688th place28
0
F-score: 1,384th place
1,384th place1
0
Tajik Wikipedia (tg)
PR-score: 2,480th place
2,480th place11
0
AR-score: 1,920th place
1,920th place33
0
F-score: 2,554th place
2,554th place1
0
Zhuang Wikipedia (za)
PR-score: 130th place
130th place7
+1
AR-score: 131st place
131st place6
0
F-score:
109th place
1
0
Amharic Wikipedia (am)
PR-score: 526th place
526th place4
-7
AR-score: 507th place
507th place4
0
F-score: 113th place
113th place3
0
South Azerbaijani Wikipedia (azb)
PR-score: 12,776th place
12,776th place1
0
AR-score: 11,721st place
11,721st place9
0
F-score: 6,602nd place
6,602nd place1
0
Wikipedia Languages
- ar Arabic
- az Azerbaijani
- be Belarusian
- bg Bulgarian
- ca Catalan
- cs Czech
- da Danish
- de German
- el Greek
- en English
- eo Esperanto
- es Spanish
- et Estonian
- eu Basque
- fa Persian
- fi Finnish
- fr French
- gl Galician
- he Hebrew
- hi Hindi
- hr Croatian
- hu Hungarian
- hy Armenian
- id Indonesian
- it Italian
- ja Japanese
- ka Georgian
- kk Kazakh
- ko Korean
- la Latin
- lt Lithuanian
- ms Malay
- nl Dutch
- nn Norwegian (Nynorsk)
- no Norwegian
- pl Polish
- pt Portuguese
- ro Romanian
- ru Russian
- sh Serbo-Croatian
- simple Simple English
- sk Slovak
- sl Slovenian
- sr Serbian
- sv Swedish
- ta Tamil
- th Thai
- tr Turkish
- uk Ukrainian
- ur Urdu
- uz Uzbek
- vi Vietnamese
- vo Volapük
- zh Chinese
- zh-min-nan Min Nan
- More languages...
About project
Popularity and reliability assessment of sources in references of Wikipedia in different languages. Data extraction based on complex method using Wikimedia dumps in July 2020. To find the most popular and reliable sources we used information about over 200 million references of Wikipedia articles. More details in the research "Modeling Popularity and Reliability of Sources in Multilingual Wikipedia". Values for PR-score and AR-score were additinaly increased 100 times (to distinguish smaller values in the ranking).