The Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) is a UK-based independent body founded on 9 June 1998, which brings together companies, trade unions and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to ensure compliance with international labour standards in the global supply chains of member companies. Minimum ethical standards are set out in the ETI Base Code. The mid 1990s saw increased awareness of sweatshop working conditions for overseas garment and factory workers. This triggered calls for radical change regarding the ethics of employment overseas factories. As a reaction, companies created their own codes of conduct and set moral expectations for their supply chains. These set maximum working hours, minimum pay and codified the employees' freedom of association. Investigation had found that former companies’ codes of conduct were, in effect, futile as they inadvertently controlled the workforce further. Additionally, enforcement of these codes was through in-house, company-paid monitoring programmes. These were often described as "piecemeal" and "lacking credibility". More information...
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