Lupao, officially the Municipality of Lupao (Ilocano: Ili ti Lupao; Tagalog: Bayan ng Lupao), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 45,917 people. The town is derived from the Ilocano word lupa, the name of an itchy plant found in great abundance within the town and its outskirts at the time of the town's foundation in 1913. During the Spanish rule, the territorial jurisdiction of the province of Nueva Ecija extended to as far south at Cabiao and the towns of San Quintin, Rosales, Balungao and (H)umingan in the north, which later on formed part of the province of Pangasinan. Lupao was a component barrio of Umingan. It remained so until 1871 when some residents led by a Señor Calderon petitioned the Governor General for the segregation of Lupao as a barrio of Umingan and the eventual creation of Lupao as “Tenencia Absoluta” to be headed by a Teniente Absoluto. On September 28, 1871, the Govierno Superior Civil de Filipinas decreed the creation of Lupao as Tenencia Absoluta. It signified the formal segregation as barrio and the eventual creation as “pueblo” of the province of Nueva Ecija. Under the Spanish rule, a pueblo is created through the Laws of the Indies and represented a local government unit. The pueblo was an agency of the Central Government. More information...
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