Turkistan Region (Kazakh: Түркістан облысы, romanized: Türkıstan oblysy), formerly South Kazakhstan Region (Kazakh: Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы, romanized: Oñtüstık Qazaqstan oblysy) (Russian: Южно-Казахстанская область, Yuzhno-Kazakhstanskaya oblast) from 1992 to 2018 and Chimkent Region (Russian: Чимкентская область, Chimkentskaya oblast) from 1963 to 1991 is the southernmost region of Kazakhstan. Population: 2 088 510 (2022 estimate); 2,469,367 (2009 Census results); 1,978,339 (1999 Census results). Its capital is Turkistan, formerly Shymkent until 2018. Other cities in Turkistan include Sayram, Kentau, Arys, Shardara, Zhetisai, Saryagash, and Lenger. This region and Atyrau Region are Kazakhstan's two smallest regions; both are about 117,300 square kilometers in area. Turkistan Region borders the neighboring country of Uzbekistan (and is also very near the Uzbekistan capital Tashkent), as well as three other Kazakhstan regions: Karaganda Region (to the north), Kyzylorda Region (to the west), and Jambyl Region (to the east). The Syr Darya passes through the region, on its way to the Aral Sea. An oil pipeline runs from Turkmenabat, Turkmenistan to Omsk, Russia (where it connects with a larger, Siberian pipeline) through South Kazakhstan. Oil, lead and zinc are refined in Shymkent. More information...
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