Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "الحروب العثمانية في أوروبا" in Arabic language version.
the Ottomans were able largely to maintain military parity until taken by surprise both on land and at sea in the Russian war from 1768 to 1774.
the Ottomans were able largely to maintain military parity until taken by surprise both on land and at sea in the Russian war from 1768 to 1774.