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name="Echenberg">Echenberg، D. (2007). "[A history of internal medicine: medical specialization: as old as antiquity]". Rev Med Suisse. ج. 3 ع. 135: 2737–9. PMID:18214228.
Larson، Eric B. (15 مايو 2001). "General Internal Medicine at the Crossroads of Prosperity and Despair: Caring for Patients with Chronic Diseases in an Aging Society". Annals of Internal Medicine. ج. 134 ع. 10: 997–1000. DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-134-10-200105150-00013. PMID:11352700.