Joshua S. Mostow: Iron Butterfly: Cio-Cio-San and Japanese Imperialism. Hrsg.: J. L. Wisenthal. University of Toronto Press, 2016, ISBN 978-1-4426-7053-2, S.190, doi:10.3138/9781442670532-013 (englisch, Aus dem Buch A Vision of the Orient): “Lafcadio Hearn, in his Japan: An Interpretation of 1904, wrote of ‘The Religion of Loyalty’: In the early ages it appears to have been … jigai [lit., ‘self-harm,’ but taken by Hearn to mean the female equivalent of seppuku], byway of protest against …”
