1880s (English Wikipedia)

DRP's patent No. 37435 Archived 2012-02-04 at the Wayback Machine (PDF, 561 kB, German) was filed January 29, 1886, and granted November 2, 1886, thus taking effect January 29.

battleships-cruisers.co.uk

"Battleships-Cruisers.co.uk: "List of French Submarines, 1863 – Now")"". Retrieved 6 October 2014.

books.google.com

Fontenoy, Paul E. (2007). Paul E. Fontenoy, "Submarines: an illustrated history of their impact" (2007), p. 3. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781851095636. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Georgano, Nick (1996). Nick Georgano, "Electric Vehicles" (1996), p. 5–6. Bloomsbury USA. ISBN 9780747803164. Retrieved 6 October 2014.^{[permanent dead link]}
Friedman, Norman (1995). Norman Friedman, "U.S. submarines through 1945: an illustrated design history" (1995), p. 21. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 9781557502636. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Fontenoy, Paul E. (2007). Paul E. Fontenoy, "Submarines: an illustrated history of their impact" (2007), p. 7. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781851095636. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Harwood, Craig S.; Fogel, Gary B. (17 October 2012). Craig S. Harwood and Gary B. Fogel Quest for Flight: John J. Montgomery and the Dawn of Aviation in the West, University of Oklahoma Press, 2012. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 9780806187839. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Smil, Vaclav, Creating the Twentieth Century: Technical Innovations of 1867—1914 and Their Lasting Impact, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 71.
Hospitalier, Édouard, 1882, The Modern Applications of Electricity, Translated and Enlarged by Julius Maier. New York, D. Appleton & Co., p. 103.
Skrabec, Quentin R. (2007). George Westinghouse: Gentle Genius. Algora Publishing. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-87586-508-9.
Smil, Vaclav (25 August 2005). Vaclav Smil, "Creating the Twentieth Century:Technical Innovations of 1867–1914 and their lasting impact", p. 71 Oxford University Press, 2005.". Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198037743. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Morris, Richard Knowles (1998). Richard Knowles Morris, "John P. Holland, 1841–1914: inventor of the modern submarine" (1998), p. 57–58. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 9781570032363. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Mary Ellen Bowden (1997). Chemical Achievers: The Human Face of the Chemical Sciences. Chemical Heritage Foundation. pp. 35–37. ISBN 9780941901123. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Day, Lance; McNeil, Ian (September 2003). Lance Day, Ian McNeil, "Biographical dictionary of the history of technology" (1996), p. 681. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780203028292. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Ropp, Theodore (1987). Theodore Ropp, Stephen S. Roberts, "The development of a modern navy: French naval policy, 1871–1904" (1987), p. 350. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 9780870211416. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Petersen, J. K. (29 May 2002). Julie K. Petersen, "The telecommunications illustrated dictionary" (2002), p. 696. ISBN 9781420040678. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

centennialofflight.gov

"First Flights of the Airship". centennialofflight.gov. Archived from the original on 2010-05-28.

coned.com

"We'll be back shortly". www.coned.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2012.

dal.ca

centreforforeignpolicystudies.dal.ca

"Michael L. Hadley, "Steam-Driven Submarines" (1988), p. 59" (PDF). Dalhousie University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

doi.org

Waller AD (1887). "A demonstration on man of electromotive changes accompanying the heart's beat". J Physiol. 8 (5): 229–34. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1887.sp000257. PMC 1485094. PMID 16991463.
[Besterman E, Creese R (July 1979). "Waller--pioneer of electrocardiography". Br Heart J. 42 (1): 61–64. doi:10.1136/hrt.42.1.61. PMC 482113. PMID 383122.

edgeare.com

"How Products Are Made, Inventor Biographies: "Paul Gottlieb Nipkow (1860–1940)"". Archived from the original on 2012-07-27. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

flyingmachines.org

"Carroll Gray, "John J. Montgomery 1858 – 1911"". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"Carroll Gray, "Aleksandr Fyodorovich Mozhaiski 1825 – 1890"". Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

freepatentsonline.com

Zipernowsky, K., M. Déri and O. T. Bláthy, Induction Coil, Patent No. 352,105, U.S. Patent Office, November 2, 1886, retrieved July 8, 2009.

ghostarchive.org

"Michael L. Hadley, "Steam-Driven Submarines" (1988), p. 59" (PDF). Dalhousie University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Hecht, Jeff. "City of Light:The Story of Fiber Optics" (PDF). pp. 29–31. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.^{[permanent dead link]}

harvardmagazine.com

"Harvard Magazine, 1998. Francisco Márquez, "Isaac Peral. Brief Life of a scorned inventor 1851–1895"". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

hpo.hu

Bláthy, Ottó Titusz (1860 – 1939) Archived 2010-12-02 at the Wayback Machine, Hungarian Patent Office, January 29, 2004.

huji.ac.il

chem.ch.huji.ac.il

"The Institute of Chemistry. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem: "Galileo Ferraris"."". Archived from the original on 2009-09-09. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"The Institute of Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem: "Carl Gassner"". Archived from the original on 10 February 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"Robert A. Paselk, "Voltmeters"". Archived from the original on 2007-10-16. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Eugenii Katz, "Heinrich Rudolf Hertz Archived 2006-10-02 at the Wayback Machine". Biographies of Famous Electrochemists and Physicists Contributed to Understanding of Electricity, Biosensors & Bioelectronics.

iec.ch

International Electrotechnical Commission. Otto Blathy, Miksa Déri, Károly Zipernowsky. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved May 17, 2007. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

incredible-people.com

profiles.incredible-people.com

"Incredible People: "Biography of John Hopkinson"". Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

kfki.hu

Nagy, Árpád Zoltán, "Lecture to Mark the 100th Anniversary of the Discovery of the Electron in 1897" (preliminary text) Archived 2012-11-25 at the Wayback Machine, Budapest October 11, 1996, retrieved July 9, 2009.

monash.edu.au

ctie.monash.edu.au

"Hargrave the Pioneers, Aviation and Aeromodeling-Interdependent Evolutions and Histories: "John Joseph Montgomery (1858–1911)"". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"Hargrave the Pioneers, Aviation and Aeromodeling-Interdependent Evolutions and Histories:"Alexandr Fyodorovich Mozhaisky (1825–1890)"". Retrieved 6 October 2014.

mosi.org.uk

"Museum of Science and Industry, Manchester: "Ferranti timeline"". Archived from the original on 2 August 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

mpoweruk.com

navy.mil

"Edward C. Whitman, "John Holland, Father of the modern Submarine". Chapter: "A Disappointing Hiatus"". Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Waller AD (1887). "A demonstration on man of electromotive changes accompanying the heart's beat". J Physiol. 8 (5): 229–34. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1887.sp000257. PMC 1485094. PMID 16991463.
[Besterman E, Creese R (July 1979). "Waller--pioneer of electrocardiography". Br Heart J. 42 (1): 61–64. doi:10.1136/hrt.42.1.61. PMC 482113. PMID 383122.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Waller AD (1887). "A demonstration on man of electromotive changes accompanying the heart's beat". J Physiol. 8 (5): 229–34. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1887.sp000257. PMC 1485094. PMID 16991463.
[Besterman E, Creese R (July 1979). "Waller--pioneer of electrocardiography". Br Heart J. 42 (1): 61–64. doi:10.1136/hrt.42.1.61. PMC 482113. PMID 383122.

ox.ac.uk

mhs.ox.ac.uk

"Museum of the History of Science, Oxford: Kelvin Multi-Cellular Electrostatic Voltmeter". Archived from the original on 3 August 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

patents.google.com

Westinghouse, G. Jr., Electrical Converter, Patent No. 366362, United States Patent Office, 1887.

poetikhars.com

Hecht, Jeff. "City of Light:The Story of Fiber Optics" (PDF). pp. 29–31. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.^{[permanent dead link]}

solarbotics.net

encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net

"Eric Seale, "Solar Cells"". Archived from the original on 2014-09-23. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

st-and.ac.uk

www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk

"J J O'Connor and E F Robertson, "Sir Charles Vernon Boys"". Retrieved 6 October 2014.

strowger.com

"Strowger: "Invention of the Telephone Switch"". Archived from the original on August 22, 2010.

submarine-history.com

"Captain Brayton Harris, USN, "World Submarine History Timeline 1580–2000"". Archived from the original on 23 November 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

submarineheritage.com

"The Submarine Heritage Centre: History, Barrow Shipyard and Submarines". www.submarineheritage.com. Archived from the original on July 4, 2007. submarine history of Barrow-in-Furness

teponia.dk

"Birgitte Wistoft, "Bottled Energy"". Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2010-01-14.

waika9.com

rbmn.waika9.com

"Dirigeable LA FRANCE 1884". rbmn.waika9.com. Archived from the original on 2010-01-11. Retrieved 2010-01-15.

rbmn02.waika9.com

"Ballon photos". rbmn02.waika9.com. Archived from the original on 2007-04-16. Retrieved 2010-01-15.

web.archive.org

"We'll be back shortly". www.coned.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2012.
"Eric Seale, "Solar Cells"". Archived from the original on 2014-09-23. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"Dirigeable LA FRANCE 1884". rbmn.waika9.com. Archived from the original on 2010-01-11. Retrieved 2010-01-15.
"Ballon photos". rbmn02.waika9.com. Archived from the original on 2007-04-16. Retrieved 2010-01-15.
"First Flights of the Airship". centennialofflight.gov. Archived from the original on 2010-05-28.
"How Products Are Made, Inventor Biographies: "Paul Gottlieb Nipkow (1860–1940)"". Archived from the original on 2012-07-27. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"Carroll Gray, "Aleksandr Fyodorovich Mozhaiski 1825 – 1890"". Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Bláthy, Ottó Titusz (1860 – 1939) Archived 2010-12-02 at the Wayback Machine, Hungarian Patent Office, January 29, 2004.
Nagy, Árpád Zoltán, "Lecture to Mark the 100th Anniversary of the Discovery of the Electron in 1897" (preliminary text) Archived 2012-11-25 at the Wayback Machine, Budapest October 11, 1996, retrieved July 9, 2009.
"Edward C. Whitman, "John Holland, Father of the modern Submarine". Chapter: "A Disappointing Hiatus"". Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"The Institute of Chemistry. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem: "Galileo Ferraris"."". Archived from the original on 2009-09-09. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
DRP's patent No. 37435 Archived 2012-02-04 at the Wayback Machine (PDF, 561 kB, German) was filed January 29, 1886, and granted November 2, 1886, thus taking effect January 29.
International Electrotechnical Commission. Otto Blathy, Miksa Déri, Károly Zipernowsky. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved May 17, 2007. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
"Captain Brayton Harris, USN, "World Submarine History Timeline 1580–2000"". Archived from the original on 23 November 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"The Submarine Heritage Centre: History, Barrow Shipyard and Submarines". www.submarineheritage.com. Archived from the original on July 4, 2007. submarine history of Barrow-in-Furness
"The Institute of Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem: "Carl Gassner"". Archived from the original on 10 February 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"Birgitte Wistoft, "Bottled Energy"". Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2010-01-14.
"Museum of the History of Science, Oxford: Kelvin Multi-Cellular Electrostatic Voltmeter". Archived from the original on 3 August 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"Robert A. Paselk, "Voltmeters"". Archived from the original on 2007-10-16. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"Museum of Science and Industry, Manchester: "Ferranti timeline"". Archived from the original on 2 August 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Eugenii Katz, "Heinrich Rudolf Hertz Archived 2006-10-02 at the Wayback Machine". Biographies of Famous Electrochemists and Physicists Contributed to Understanding of Electricity, Biosensors & Bioelectronics.
"Harvard Magazine, 1998. Francisco Márquez, "Isaac Peral. Brief Life of a scorned inventor 1851–1895"". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"Strowger: "Invention of the Telephone Switch"". Archived from the original on August 22, 2010.

worldcat.org

"Edison" by Matthew Josephson. McGraw Hill, New York, 1959, pg. 255. OCLC 485621, ISBN 0-07-033046-8