Simmonds, M.S.J.; Blaney, W.M. (1986). "Effects of rearing density on development and feeding behaviour in larvae of Spodoptera exempta". Journal of Insect Physiology. 32 (12): 1043–1053. Bibcode:1986JInsP..32.1043S. doi:10.1016/0022-1910(86)90124-1.
Gunn, A (1998). "The determination of larval phase coloration in the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta and its consequences for thermoregulation and protection from UV light". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 86 (2): 125–13. Bibcode:1998EEApp..86..125G. doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00273.x. S2CID85586316.3
Odiyo, P.O. (1981). "Development of the first outbreaks of the African armyworm Spodoptera exempta (Walk.), between Kenya and Tanzania during the 'off-season' months of July to December". Insect Science and Its Application. 1 (4): 305–318. doi:10.1017/s1742758400000606. S2CID85994702.
Yarrow, J. G.; Otindo, B. L.; Gatehouse, A. G.; Lubega, M. C. (1981). "Dwarf variety of coconut, Cocos nucifera (Palmae), a host plant for the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walk.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)". Insect Science and Its Application. 1 (4): 361–362. doi:10.1017/s1742758400000667. S2CID88007323.
Haggis, M. J. (1986). "Distribution of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the frequency of larval outbreaks in Africa and Arabia". Bulletin of Entomological Research. 76: 151–170. doi:10.1017/s0007485300015376.
Kergoat, Gael J.; Prowell, Dorothy P.; Ru, Bruno P. Le; Mitchell, Andrew; Dumas, Pascaline; Clamens, Anne-Laure; Condamine, Fabien L.; Silvain, Jean-François (2012). "Disentangling dispersal, vicariance and adaptive radiation patterns: A case study using armyworms in the pest genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 65 (3): 855–870. Bibcode:2012MolPE..65..855K. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.006. PMID22939903.
Wilson, K; Gatehouse, A. G. (2017). "Seasonal and Geographical Variation in the Migratory Potential of Outbreak Populations of the African Armyworm Moth, Spodoptera exempta". Journal of Animal Ecology. 62 (1): 169–181. doi:10.2307/5491. JSTOR5491.
Faithpraise, Fina; Idung, Joseph; Chatwin, Chris; Young, Rupert; Birch, Philip (2015). "Modelling the control of African Armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) infestations in cereal crops by deploying naturally beneficial insects". Biosystems Engineering. 129: 268–276. Bibcode:2015BiSyE.129..268F. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2014.11.001.
Rose, D. J. W. (1975). "Field Development and Quality Changes in Successive Generations of Spodoptera exempta Wlk., the African Armyworm". Journal of Applied Ecology. 12 (3): 727–739. Bibcode:1975JApEc..12..727R. doi:10.2307/2402085. JSTOR2402085.
Gunn, A (1998). "The determination of larval phase coloration in the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta and its consequences for thermoregulation and protection from UV light". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 86 (2): 125–133. Bibcode:1998EEApp..86..125G. doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00273.x. S2CID85586316.
Rose, D. J. W. (2017). "The Significance of Low-Density Populations of the African Armyworm Spodoptera exempta (Walk.)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 287 (1022): 393–402. doi:10.1098/rstb.1979.0071.
Riley, J. R.; Reynolds, D. R.; Farmery, M. J. (1983). "Observations of the flight behaviour of the armyworm moth Spodoptera exempta, at an emergence site using radar and infrared optical techniques". Ecological Entomology. 8 (4): 395–418. Bibcode:1983EcoEn...8..395R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1983.tb00519.x. S2CID84027563.
Vilaplana, Luisa; Wilson, Kenneth; Redman, Elizabeth M.; Cory, Jenny S. (January 1, 2010). "Pathogen persistence in migratory insects: high levels of vertically-transmitted virus infection in field populations of the African armyworm". Evolutionary Ecology. 24 (1): 147–160. Bibcode:2010EvEco..24..147V. doi:10.1007/s10682-009-9296-2. ISSN0269-7653. S2CID1686957.
Cork, A.; Murlis, J.; Megenasa, T. (April 1, 1989). "Identification and field testing of additional components of female sex pheromone of African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 15 (4): 1349–1364. Bibcode:1989JCEco..15.1349C. doi:10.1007/bf01014835. ISSN0098-0331. PMID24272017. S2CID19879473.
Simmonds, M.S.J.; Blaney, W.M. (1986). "Effects of rearing density on development and feeding behaviour in larvae of Spodoptera exempta". Journal of Insect Physiology. 32 (12): 1043–1053. Bibcode:1986JInsP..32.1043S. doi:10.1016/0022-1910(86)90124-1.
Gunn, A (1998). "The determination of larval phase coloration in the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta and its consequences for thermoregulation and protection from UV light". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 86 (2): 125–13. Bibcode:1998EEApp..86..125G. doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00273.x. S2CID85586316.3
Kergoat, Gael J.; Prowell, Dorothy P.; Ru, Bruno P. Le; Mitchell, Andrew; Dumas, Pascaline; Clamens, Anne-Laure; Condamine, Fabien L.; Silvain, Jean-François (2012). "Disentangling dispersal, vicariance and adaptive radiation patterns: A case study using armyworms in the pest genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 65 (3): 855–870. Bibcode:2012MolPE..65..855K. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.006. PMID22939903.
Faithpraise, Fina; Idung, Joseph; Chatwin, Chris; Young, Rupert; Birch, Philip (2015). "Modelling the control of African Armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) infestations in cereal crops by deploying naturally beneficial insects". Biosystems Engineering. 129: 268–276. Bibcode:2015BiSyE.129..268F. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2014.11.001.
Rose, D. J. W. (1975). "Field Development and Quality Changes in Successive Generations of Spodoptera exempta Wlk., the African Armyworm". Journal of Applied Ecology. 12 (3): 727–739. Bibcode:1975JApEc..12..727R. doi:10.2307/2402085. JSTOR2402085.
Gunn, A (1998). "The determination of larval phase coloration in the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta and its consequences for thermoregulation and protection from UV light". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 86 (2): 125–133. Bibcode:1998EEApp..86..125G. doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00273.x. S2CID85586316.
Riley, J. R.; Reynolds, D. R.; Farmery, M. J. (1983). "Observations of the flight behaviour of the armyworm moth Spodoptera exempta, at an emergence site using radar and infrared optical techniques". Ecological Entomology. 8 (4): 395–418. Bibcode:1983EcoEn...8..395R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1983.tb00519.x. S2CID84027563.
Vilaplana, Luisa; Wilson, Kenneth; Redman, Elizabeth M.; Cory, Jenny S. (January 1, 2010). "Pathogen persistence in migratory insects: high levels of vertically-transmitted virus infection in field populations of the African armyworm". Evolutionary Ecology. 24 (1): 147–160. Bibcode:2010EvEco..24..147V. doi:10.1007/s10682-009-9296-2. ISSN0269-7653. S2CID1686957.
Cork, A.; Murlis, J.; Megenasa, T. (April 1, 1989). "Identification and field testing of additional components of female sex pheromone of African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 15 (4): 1349–1364. Bibcode:1989JCEco..15.1349C. doi:10.1007/bf01014835. ISSN0098-0331. PMID24272017. S2CID19879473.
Wilson, K; Gatehouse, A. G. (2017). "Seasonal and Geographical Variation in the Migratory Potential of Outbreak Populations of the African Armyworm Moth, Spodoptera exempta". Journal of Animal Ecology. 62 (1): 169–181. doi:10.2307/5491. JSTOR5491.
Rose, D. J. W. (1975). "Field Development and Quality Changes in Successive Generations of Spodoptera exempta Wlk., the African Armyworm". Journal of Applied Ecology. 12 (3): 727–739. Bibcode:1975JApEc..12..727R. doi:10.2307/2402085. JSTOR2402085.
Kergoat, Gael J.; Prowell, Dorothy P.; Ru, Bruno P. Le; Mitchell, Andrew; Dumas, Pascaline; Clamens, Anne-Laure; Condamine, Fabien L.; Silvain, Jean-François (2012). "Disentangling dispersal, vicariance and adaptive radiation patterns: A case study using armyworms in the pest genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 65 (3): 855–870. Bibcode:2012MolPE..65..855K. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.006. PMID22939903.
Cork, A.; Murlis, J.; Megenasa, T. (April 1, 1989). "Identification and field testing of additional components of female sex pheromone of African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 15 (4): 1349–1364. Bibcode:1989JCEco..15.1349C. doi:10.1007/bf01014835. ISSN0098-0331. PMID24272017. S2CID19879473.
Gunn, A (1998). "The determination of larval phase coloration in the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta and its consequences for thermoregulation and protection from UV light". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 86 (2): 125–13. Bibcode:1998EEApp..86..125G. doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00273.x. S2CID85586316.3
Odiyo, P.O. (1981). "Development of the first outbreaks of the African armyworm Spodoptera exempta (Walk.), between Kenya and Tanzania during the 'off-season' months of July to December". Insect Science and Its Application. 1 (4): 305–318. doi:10.1017/s1742758400000606. S2CID85994702.
Yarrow, J. G.; Otindo, B. L.; Gatehouse, A. G.; Lubega, M. C. (1981). "Dwarf variety of coconut, Cocos nucifera (Palmae), a host plant for the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walk.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)". Insect Science and Its Application. 1 (4): 361–362. doi:10.1017/s1742758400000667. S2CID88007323.
Gunn, A (1998). "The determination of larval phase coloration in the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta and its consequences for thermoregulation and protection from UV light". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 86 (2): 125–133. Bibcode:1998EEApp..86..125G. doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00273.x. S2CID85586316.
Riley, J. R.; Reynolds, D. R.; Farmery, M. J. (1983). "Observations of the flight behaviour of the armyworm moth Spodoptera exempta, at an emergence site using radar and infrared optical techniques". Ecological Entomology. 8 (4): 395–418. Bibcode:1983EcoEn...8..395R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1983.tb00519.x. S2CID84027563.
Vilaplana, Luisa; Wilson, Kenneth; Redman, Elizabeth M.; Cory, Jenny S. (January 1, 2010). "Pathogen persistence in migratory insects: high levels of vertically-transmitted virus infection in field populations of the African armyworm". Evolutionary Ecology. 24 (1): 147–160. Bibcode:2010EvEco..24..147V. doi:10.1007/s10682-009-9296-2. ISSN0269-7653. S2CID1686957.
Cork, A.; Murlis, J.; Megenasa, T. (April 1, 1989). "Identification and field testing of additional components of female sex pheromone of African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 15 (4): 1349–1364. Bibcode:1989JCEco..15.1349C. doi:10.1007/bf01014835. ISSN0098-0331. PMID24272017. S2CID19879473.
Vilaplana, Luisa; Wilson, Kenneth; Redman, Elizabeth M.; Cory, Jenny S. (January 1, 2010). "Pathogen persistence in migratory insects: high levels of vertically-transmitted virus infection in field populations of the African armyworm". Evolutionary Ecology. 24 (1): 147–160. Bibcode:2010EvEco..24..147V. doi:10.1007/s10682-009-9296-2. ISSN0269-7653. S2CID1686957.
Cork, A.; Murlis, J.; Megenasa, T. (April 1, 1989). "Identification and field testing of additional components of female sex pheromone of African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 15 (4): 1349–1364. Bibcode:1989JCEco..15.1349C. doi:10.1007/bf01014835. ISSN0098-0331. PMID24272017. S2CID19879473.