Age of Discovery (English Wikipedia)

"Dismantling the Doctrine of Discovery" (PDF). Assembly of First Nations. 2018-01-22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2021-06-19.

archive.org

Merson, John (1990). The Genius That Was China: East and West in the Making of the Modern World. Woodstock, NY: The Overlook Press. ISBN 978-0-87951-397-9. A companion to the PBS Series The Genius That Was China.
DeLamar 1992, p. 328. De Lamar, Jensen (1992). Renaissance Europe: age of recovery and reconciliation. D.C. Heath. ISBN 978-0-669-20007-2.
Stark, Rodney (2005). The Victory of Reason: How Christianity Led to Freedom, Capitalism and Western Success. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-8129-7233-7.
DeLamar 1992, p. 329. De Lamar, Jensen (1992). Renaissance Europe: age of recovery and reconciliation. D.C. Heath. ISBN 978-0-669-20007-2.
Campbell, Thomas J. The Jesuits, 1534–1921: A History of the Society of Jesus from Its Foundation to the Present Time. New York: The Encyclopedia Press. ISBN 978-0-87821-018-3. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
Parry 1981, p. 33. Parry, J. H. (1981). The Discovery of the Sea. University of California Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-520-04237-7. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
DeLamar 1992, p. 333. De Lamar, Jensen (1992). Renaissance Europe: age of recovery and reconciliation. D.C. Heath. ISBN 978-0-669-20007-2.
Parry 1981, p. 145. Parry, J. H. (1981). The Discovery of the Sea. University of California Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-520-04237-7. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
DeLamar 1992, p. 335. De Lamar, Jensen (1992). Renaissance Europe: age of recovery and reconciliation. D.C. Heath. ISBN 978-0-669-20007-2.
DeLamar 1992, p. 341. De Lamar, Jensen (1992). Renaissance Europe: age of recovery and reconciliation. D.C. Heath. ISBN 978-0-669-20007-2.
DeLamar 1992, p. 345. De Lamar, Jensen (1992). Renaissance Europe: age of recovery and reconciliation. D.C. Heath. ISBN 978-0-669-20007-2.
Davenport 1917, pp. 107–11. Davenport, Frances Gardiner (1917). European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies to 1648. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute of Washington. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Pohl, Frederick J. (1966). Amerigo Vespucci: Pilot Major. New York: Octagon Books. pp. 54–55.
Morison, Samuel (1974). The European Discovery of America: The Southern Voyages, 1492–1616. New York: Oxford University Press.
Crow 1992, p. 136. Crow, John A. (1992). The Epic of Latin America. University of California Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-520-07723-2. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Donkin 2003, p. 29. Donkin, R.A. (2003). Between East and West: the Moluccas and the Traffic in Spices up to the arrival of Europeans. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, Diane Publishing. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-87169-248-1. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
DeLamar 1992, p. 349. De Lamar, Jensen (1992). Renaissance Europe: age of recovery and reconciliation. D.C. Heath. ISBN 978-0-669-20007-2.
Fernandez-Armesto 2006, p. 200. Armesto, Felipe Fernandez (2006). Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06259-5.
Fernandez-Armesto 2006, p. 202. Armesto, Felipe Fernandez (2006). Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06259-5.
Castillo 1963, p. 294. Castillo, Bernal Díaz del, John Michael Cohen (1963) [1632]. The conquest of New Spain. Penguin Classics. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-14-044123-9. Retrieved 2011-06-16.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Boxer 1969, p 109. Boxer, Charles Ralph (1969). The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825. Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0-09-131071-4. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Gough, Barry (1980). Distant Dominion: Britain and the Northwest Coast of North America, 1579-1809. Vancouver: U Univ. of British Columbia Press. p. 15. ISBN 0-7748-0113-1.
Gernet 1962, p. 136. Gernet, Jacques (1962). Daily life in China, on the eve of the Mongol invasion, 1250–1276. Stanford University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-8047-0720-6. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Dunton 1896, p. 163. Dunton, Larkin (1896). The World and Its People. Silver, Burdett.
Overton, Mark (1996). Agricultural Revolution in England: The transformation of the agrarian economy 1500–1850. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-56859-3.

banglapedia.org

en.banglapedia.org

"Portuguese, The – Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Archived from the original on 1 April 2017.

bbc.co.uk

"BBC – History – Leif Erikson". www.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-01-20. Retrieved 2020-10-06.

books.google.com

Butel, Paul (2002-03-11). The Atlantic. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-01044-0. Archived from the original on 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
Raychaudhuri, Tapan (1982). The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 1, C.1200-c.1750. CUP Archive. ISBN 978-0-521-22692-9. Archived from the original on 2014-07-04. Retrieved 2022-05-19.
Arnold, David (2006). The Age of Discovery, 1400-1600, (London: Routledge), p XI, https://books.google.com/books?id=SbIEAQAAQBAJ&q=The+Age+of+Discovery,+1400-1600
Fernández-Armesto, Felipe (2007). Amerigo: The Man Who Gave His Name to America. New York: Random House. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-4000-6281-2. Archived from the original on 2022-04-18. Retrieved 2020-10-06.
Arnold 2002, p. xi. Arnold, David (2002). The Age of Discovery, 1400–1600, Lancaster pamphlets. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-27996-3. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Abu-Lughod 1991, p. 121. Abu-Lughod, Janet (1991). Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250–1350. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-506774-3. Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Arnold 2002, p. 5. Arnold, David (2002). The Age of Discovery, 1400–1600, Lancaster pamphlets. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-27996-3. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Love 2006, p. 130. Love, Ronald S. (2006). Maritime Exploration in the Age of Discovery, 1415–1800. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-32043-9. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Abu-Lughod 1991, p. 158. Abu-Lughod, Janet (1991). Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250–1350. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-506774-3. Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Mancall 2006, p. 14. Mancall, Peter C. (2006). Travel narratives from the age of discovery: an anthology. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-515597-6. Archived from the original on 2022-07-26. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Mancall 2006, p. 3. Mancall, Peter C. (2006). Travel narratives from the age of discovery: an anthology. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-515597-6. Archived from the original on 2022-07-26. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Parry 2006, p. 69.^{[full citation needed]} Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, Anne Walthall, James B. Palais (2006–2008). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-618-13384-0. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Diffie 1977, pp. 24–25. Diffie, Bailey (1977). Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2. Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Dunn 2004, p. 310. Dunn, Ross E. (2004). The adventures of Ibn Battuta, a Muslim traveler of the fourteenth century. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24385-9. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Mancall 1999, p. 36. Mancall, Peter C. (1999). "The Age of Discovery" in The Challenge of American History, ed. Louis Masur. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6222-9. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Arnold 2002, p. 7. Arnold, David (2002). The Age of Discovery, 1400–1600, Lancaster pamphlets. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-27996-3. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Tamura 1997, p. 70. Tamura, Eileen H.; Mention, Linda K.; Lush, Noren W.; Tsui, Francis K.C.; Cohen, Warren (1997). China: Understanding Its Past. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-1923-1. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Cromer 1995, p. 117. Cromer, Alan (1995). Uncommon Sense: The Heretical Nature of Science. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-509636-1. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Tsai 2002, p. 206. Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry (2002). Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-98124-6. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Mancall 2006, p. 115. Mancall, Peter C. (2006). Travel narratives from the age of discovery: an anthology. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-515597-6. Archived from the original on 2022-07-26. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Mancall 2006, p. 17. Mancall, Peter C. (2006). Travel narratives from the age of discovery: an anthology. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-515597-6. Archived from the original on 2022-07-26. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Spice importance for medieval humorism principles of medicine was such that shortly after entering the trade, apothecaries and physicians like Tomé Pires and Garcia da Orta (see Burns 2001, p. 14) were sent to India having studied spices in works like Suma Oriental (see Pires 1512, p. lxii) and Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India ("Conversations on the simples, drugs and materia medica of India) Burns, William E. (2001). The scientific revolution: an encyclopædia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-87436-875-8. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16. Pires, Tomé, Armando Cortesão, Francisco Rodrigues (1990) [1512]. The Suma oriental of Tome Pires: an account of the East, from the Red Sea to China, written in Malacca and India in 1512–1515; and, The book of Francisco Rodrigues: Pilot-Major of the armada that discovered Banda and the Moluccas. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-0535-0. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Spufford 1989, pp. 339–49. Spufford, Peter (1989). Money and its Use in Medieval Europe. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-37590-0. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Spufford 1989, p. 343. Spufford, Peter (1989). Money and its Use in Medieval Europe. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-37590-0. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Abu-Lughod 1991, p. 122. Abu-Lughod, Janet (1991). Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250–1350. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-506774-3. Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Diffie 1977, p. 210. Diffie, Bailey (1977). Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2. Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Newitt 2005, p. 9. Newitt, Malyn D.D. (2005). A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1668. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-23979-0. Archived from the original on 2011-12-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Diffie 1960, p. 49. Diffie, Bailey (1960). Prelude to empire: Portugal overseas before Henry the Navigator. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-5049-9. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Diffie 1977, pp. 29–31. Diffie, Bailey (1977). Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2. Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Butel 1999, p. 36. Butel, Paul (1999). The Atlantic. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-10690-0. Archived from the original on 2022-09-10. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Anderson 2000, p. 50. Anderson, James Maxwell (2000). The history of Portugal. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31106-2. Archived from the original on 2022-04-07. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Locke 1824, p. 385. Locke, John (1824). The works of John Locke: in nine volumes, Volume 9" The history of navigation. C. and J. Rivington. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Diffie 1977, pp. 132–34. Diffie, Bailey (1977). Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2. Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Russell-Wood 1998, p. 9. Russell-Wood, A.J.R. (1998). The Portuguese empire, 1415–1808: a world on the move. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5955-7. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Bagrow 1964, p. 72. Bagrow, Leo, R.A. Skelton (1964). History of cartography. Transaction Publishers, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4128-1154-5. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Diffie 1977, pp. 145–48. Diffie, Bailey (1977). Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2. Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Anderson 2000, p. 59. Anderson, James Maxwell (2000). The history of Portugal. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31106-2. Archived from the original on 2022-04-07. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Forbes 1993, p. 22 Forbes, Jack D. (1993). Africans and Native Americans: the language of race and the evolution of Red-Black peoples. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06321-3. Archived from the original on 2022-04-07. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Mancall 1999, p. 26. Mancall, Peter C. (1999). "The Age of Discovery" in The Challenge of American History, ed. Louis Masur. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6222-9. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Diffie 1977, pp. 463–64. Diffie, Bailey (1977). Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2. Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Diffie 1977, pp. 464–65. Diffie, Bailey (1977). Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2. Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Diffie 1977, p. 185. Diffie, Bailey (1977). Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2. Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580 Archived 2016-02-08 at the Wayback Machine, Bailey Wallys Diffie and George D. Winius. The University of Minnesota Press, 1977 p. 187
Diffie 1977, pp. 456–62. Diffie, Bailey (1977). Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2. Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Diffie 1977, p. 458. Diffie, Bailey (1977). Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2. Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Imago Mvndi – Brill Archive – Leiden, Editorial Board Archived 2020-07-25 at the Wayback Machine. Leo Bagrow, Stockholm – New light on Vespucci's third voyage, By R. Levillier pp. 40–45
Bethell, Leslie (1984). The Cambridge History of Latin America, Volume 1, Colonial Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-521-23223-4. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
Laguarda Trias, Rolando A. (1988). Pilotos portugueses en el Rio de La Plata durante el siglo XVI. Coimbra: UC Biblioteca Geral 1. pp. 59–61. Archived from the original on 2020-12-11. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
Morison 1942, pp. 65–75. Morison, Samuel Eliot (2007) [1942]. Admiral of the Ocean Sea: The Life of Christopher Columbus. Read Books. ISBN 978-1-4067-5027-0. Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Abu-Lughod 1991, 252 Abu-Lughod, Janet (1991). Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250–1350. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-506774-3. Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Cortesão, Armando (1944). The Suma Oriental of Tomé Pires: an account of the east, from the Red Sea to Japan, written in Malacca and India in 1512–1515/The Book of Francisco Rodrigues rutter of a voyage in the Red Sea, nautical rules, almanack and maps, written and drawn in the east before 1515. The Hakluyt Society. ISBN 978-81-206-0535-0. Archived from the original on 2021-11-14. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
Cole 2002, p. 37. Cook, Noble David (1998). Born to die: disease and New World conquest, 1492–1650. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62730-6. Archived from the original on 2022-04-07. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Otfinoski 2004, p. 33 Otfinoski, Steven (2004). Vasco Nuñez de Balboa: explorer of the Pacific. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-0-7614-1609-8. Archived from the original on 2022-09-10. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Zweig 1938, p. 51. Zweig, Stefan (2007) [1938]. Conqueror of the Seas – The Story of Magellan. Read Books. ISBN 978-1-4067-6006-4. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Newitt 2005, p. 104. Newitt, Malyn D.D. (2005). A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1668. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-23979-0. Archived from the original on 2011-12-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Lach 1998, p. 1397 Lach, Donald F., Edwin J. Van Kley (1998). Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 3: Southeast Asia. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-46768-9. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lach 1998, p. 1397. Lach, Donald F., Edwin J. Van Kley (1998). Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 3: Southeast Asia. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-46768-9. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Diffie 1977, p. 375. Diffie, Bailey (1977). Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2. Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Diffie 1977, pp. 368, 473. Diffie, Bailey (1977). Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2. Archived from the original on 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Galvano 1563, p. 168 Galvano, Antonio (2004-03-01) [1563]. The Discoveries of the World from Their First Original Unto the Year of Our Lord 1555, issued by the Hakluyt Society. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7661-9022-1. Retrieved 2011-06-16.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Restall 2004, pp. 659–87. Restall, Matthew (2004). Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517611-7. Archived from the original on 2022-09-10. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Pacey 1991, p. 88 Pacey, Arnold (1991). Technology in world civilization: a thousand-year history. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-66072-3. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Boxer 1977, p. 18. Boxer, Charles Ralph (1977). The Dutch seaborne empire, 1600–1800. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-09-131051-6. Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Paine 2000, p. xvi. Paine, Lincoln P. (2000). Ships of discovery and exploration. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-395-98415-4. Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
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Gutierrez 1998. pp. 81–82. Gutierrez, Ramon A, and Richard J. Orsi (1998). Contested Eden: California before the Gold Rush. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21274-9. Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-16.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lincoln 1994, p. 62 Lincoln, W. Bruce (2007) [1994]. The Conquest of a Continent: Siberia and the Russians. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-8922-8. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
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Knight, Frederick C. (2020). "3 Cultivating Knowledge: African Tobacco and Cotton Workers in Colonial British America". Working the Diaspora: The Impact of African Labor on the Anglo-American World, 1650–1850. New York and London: New York University Press. pp. 65–85. doi:10.18574/nyu/9780814748183.003.0004. ISBN 978-0-8147-4818-3. LCCN 2009026860. Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
Nater, Laura (2006). "Colonial Tobacco: Key Commodity of the Spanish Empire, 1500–1800". In Topik, Steven; Marichal, Carlos; Frank, Zephyr (eds.). From Silver to Cocaine: Latin American Commodity Chains and the Building of the World Economy, 1500–2000. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. pp. 93–117. doi:10.1215/9780822388029-005. ISBN 978-0-8223-3753-9. Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
Cook 1998, p. 13 Brook, Timothy (1998). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22154-3. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Crosby 1972, p. 188. Crosby, Alfred W. Jr (2003) [1972]. The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (30th Anniversary ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-98092-4. Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Ebrey 2006, p. 211. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, Anne Walthall, James B. Palais (2006–2008). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-618-13384-0. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Crosby 1972, pp. 198–201 Crosby, Alfred W. Jr (2003) [1972]. The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (30th Anniversary ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-98092-4. Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Crosby 1972, p. 200. Crosby, Alfred W. Jr (2003) [1972]. The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (30th Anniversary ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-98092-4. Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Brook 1998, p. 205. Brook, Timothy (1998). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22154-3. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Braudel 1985, p. 143. Braudel, Fernand (1992) [1985]. The perspective of the world. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08116-1. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Brook 1998, p. 124. Brook, Timothy (1998). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22154-3. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Brook 1998, p. 206. Brook, Timothy (1998). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22154-3. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Brook 1998, pp. 205–206. Brook, Timothy (1998). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22154-3. Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
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Braudel 1979, p. 171. Braudel, Fernand (1992) [1979]. The Wheels of Commerce, vol. II of Civilization and Capitalism 15th–18th Century. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08115-4. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
Braudel 1979, pp. 523–25 Braudel, Fernand (1992) [1979]. The Wheels of Commerce, vol. II of Civilization and Capitalism 15th–18th Century. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08115-4. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2011-06-16.

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Washburn, Wilcomb E. (1962). "The Meaning of "Discovery" in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries". The American Historical Review. 68 (1). JSTOR: 1–21. doi:10.2307/1847180. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1847180.
Silliman, Stephen W. (2005). "Culture Contact or Colonialism? Challenges in the Archaeology of Native North America". American Antiquity. 70 (1). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 55–74. doi:10.2307/40035268. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 40035268. S2CID 161467685.
Wilson, Samuel (1999). The emperor's giraffe and other stories of cultures in contact. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-3585-X. OCLC 40567393.
Chen, Yuan Julian (2021-10-11). "Between the Islamic and Chinese Universal Empires: The Ottoman Empire, Ming Dynasty, and Global Age of Explorations". Journal of Early Modern History. 25 (5): 422–456. doi:10.1163/15700658-bja10030. ISSN 1385-3783. S2CID 244587800. Archived from the original on 2022-04-17. Retrieved 2022-03-24.
Mancall, Peter C. (1998). "The Age of Discovery". Reviews in American History. 26 (1): 35. doi:10.1353/rah.1998.0013. ISSN 0048-7511. JSTOR 30030873. S2CID 143822053. Other documents from the sixteenth century, such as the magnificent Florentine Codex, contain testimony from native observers whose views were recorded by European witnesses to the conquest. These texts provide details about indigenous practices as well as views of the conquest from the perspective of the invaded. Some of these indigenous sources have been translated into English. On the issue of the encounter, these sources concur: the arrival of Europeans brought death, displacement, sorrow, and despair to Native Americans.
Flynn, Dennis Owen; Giraldez, Arturo (2002). "Cycles of Silver: Global Economic Unity through the Mid-Eighteenth Century". Journal of World History. 13 (2): 391–427. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0035. ISSN 1527-8050. S2CID 145805906.