Alphonse Favier (English Wikipedia)

Original French version: Vicariat Apostolique de Pékin et Tché-ly Nord, Pékin, le 19 Mai, 1900. " M. LE MINISTRE, " De jour en jour la situation devient plus grave et plus menaçante. Dans la Préfecture de Pao-ting-fu, plus de soixante-dix chrétiens ont été massacrés, trois autres néophytes ont été coupés en morceaux. Plusieurs villages ont été pillés et livrés aux flammes; un plus grand nombre d'autres ont été complètement abandonnés. Plus de deux mille chrétiens sont en fuite, sans pain, sans vêtements, et sans abri; à Pékin seulement, environ quatre cents réfugiés, hommes, femmes et enfants, sont déjà logés chez nous et chez les sœurs; avant huit jours nous en aurons probablement plusieurs milliers; nous allons être obligés de licencier les écoles, les collèges, et tous les hôpitaux, pour faire place à ces malheureux. " Du côté de l'est le pillage et l'incendie sont imminents; nous recevons à chaque heure les nouvelles les plus alarmantes. Pékin est cerné de tous côtés; les Boxeurs se rapprochent chaque jour de la capitale, retardés seulement par l'anéantissement qu'ils font des chrétientés. Croyez-moi, je vous prie, M. le Ministre, je suis bien informé, et je n'avance rien à légère. La persécution religieuse n'est qu'un rideau; le but principal est l'extermination des Européens, but qui est clairement indiqué et écrit sur les étendards des Boxeurs. Leurs affiliés les attendent à Pékin; on doit commencer par l'attaque des églises et finir par celle des Légations. Pour nous, ici au Pé-tang, le jour est même fixé; toute la ville le connaît, tout le monde en parle, et l'effervescence populaire est manifeste. Hier soir encore, quarante-trois pauvres femmes, avec leurs enfants, fuyant le massacre, sont arrivées chez les sœurs; plus de 500 personnes les accompagnaient, en leur disant que, si elles ont échappé une fois, elles y passeront bientôt ici avec les autres. " Je ne vous parle pas, M. le Ministre, des placards sans nombre qui sont affichés dans la ville contre les Européens en général; chaque jour il en paraît de nouveaux, plus clairs les uns que les autres. " Les personnes qui ont assisté, il y a trente ans, aux massacres de Tientsin, sont frappées de la ressemblance de la situation d'alors avec celle d'aujourd'hui; mêmes placards, mêmes menaces, mêmes avertissements, et même aveuglement. Alors aussi, comme aujourd'hui, les missionnaires ont écrit, supplié, prévoyant l'horrible réveil. " Dans ces circonstances, M. le Ministre, je crois de mon devoir de vous prier de vouloir bien nous envoyer, au moins au Pé-tang, quarante ou cinquante marins pour protéger nos personnes et nos biens. Cela s'est fait déjà dans des circonstances beaucoup moins critiques, et j'espère que vous prendrez en considération mon humble supplique. " Veuillez, etc..., " (Signé) Alph. Favier, Ev., Vic. Ap. de Pékin. ", Êv.-Coadjuteur. " C. M. Guillaume, Vic-Gén." Alphonse Favier to M. Pichon, 19 May 1901; quoted in A. Henry Savage Landor, China and the Allies, Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, May 1901. Pages 54–58; https://archive.org/download/chinaallies01landuoft/chinaallies01landuoft.pdf
The Heart of Pekin: Bishop A. Favier's Diary of the Siege, May–August 1900. Ed. Joseph Freri. Boston: Marlier, 1901. https://archive.org/stream/heartpekinbisho00frgoog/heartpekinbisho00frgoog_djvu.txt. Retrieved 8 January 2009.

bdcconline.net

Witek, Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity, http://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/f/favier-pierremarie-alphonse.php Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 9 January 2009.
Jean-Paulo Wiest, "Joseph Martial Mouly" Dictionary of Chinese Christian Biography; http://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/m/mouly-joseph-martial.php Archived 25 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 January 2009.

books.google.com

James Anthony Walsh, Observations in the Orient: The Account of a Journey to Catholic Mission Fields in Japan, Korea, Manchuria, China, Indo-China, and the Philippines (Ossining, New York: Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America, 1919; READ BOOKS, 2008):118;. Retrieved 10 January 2009.

bulatlat.com

Sandy English, "Archaeologists warn of Iraq war's devastating consequences", Bul-lat-lat 3:7 (16–22 March 2003), Quezon City, Philippines; http://www.bulatlat.com/news/3-7/3-7-readerenglish.html (accessed 11 January 2009).

catholic-hierarchy.org

"Bishop Pierre-Marie-Alphonse Favier, C.M." Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
"Bishop Joseph-Martial Mouly, C.M." Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
"Bishop Jules Bruguière (Brughiero), C.M." Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
"Bishop Jean-Baptiste-Hippolyte Sarthou, C.M." Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 21 January 2015.

chez-alice.fr

classiques.chez-alice.fr

Ho Chi Minh, "Le Procès de la Colonisation Française", Chapter X "Le Clericalisme"; http://classiques.chez-alice.fr/ho/proc10.pdf. Retrieved 10 January 2009.

china.org.cn

"China's Tragic Years, 1900-1901, Through a Foreign Lense", http://www.china.org.cn/e-8guo/2/3.htm. Retrieved 9 January 2009.

cuny.edu

web.jjay.cuny.edu

See BOXER PROTOCOL (PEKING), Article II, Peking, 7 September 1901; http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob26.html Archived 23 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 15 January 2008.

famvin.org

http://famvin.org/fr/missions/FAVIER/A_siegeJOURNAL.htm Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 January 2009.
Siège de la mission catholique du Pé-tang. Annales CM LXVI (66) (1901):55–124. http://www.famvin.org/fr/missions/FAVIER/FAVIER_siegePetang.htm Archived 5 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 9 January 2009.

graduateinstitute.ch

http://graduateinstitute.ch/corporate/faculty_en.html?personneId=22d3b12c75126e8aa7819ee32ed60363 Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 16 January 2009.

ignatiusinsight.com

Anthony E. Clark "China's Struggling Catholics: A Second Report on the Church in Beijing", Ignatius Insight (13 September 2008); http://www.ignatiusinsight.com/features2008/aclark_china2_sept08.asp Archived 23 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 14 January 2008.

infomotions.com

Arthur Judson Brown, New Forces in Old China: An Inevitable Awakening, 2nd ed. 1904, 199.; "New Forces in Old China / Brown, Arthur Judson, 1856-1963". Archived from the original on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2009. (accessed 11 January 2009).

massviolence.org

Thoralf Klein, "Case Study: The Boxer War – The Boxer Uprising", Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence (July 2008; Last modified: 23 July 2008):6; http://www.massviolence.org/The-Boxer-War-The-Boxer-Uprising?artpage=6 (accessed 15 January 2009).
Klein, 6; http://www.massviolence.org/The-Boxer-War-The-Boxer-Uprising?id_mot=9&nav=y&artpage=6 (accessed 15 January 2009); from Zhao Jianli, Tushuo Baguo Lianjun qin Hua shimo [Illustrated History of the Eight-Power Army's Aggression in China], (Hongkong: San Lian Shudian, 2001):111–117; and S. Teng and J. Fairbank, China's Response to the West. A Documentary Survey (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1954):191f.

measuringworth.com

One million taels was approximately US$750,000 (based on 450 million taels = $333 million demanded for indemnities in Boxer Protocol). According to Samuel H. Williamson, "In 2007, $750,000.00 from 1900 is worth: $19,103,992.63 using the Consumer Price Index; $16,362,491.78 using the GDP deflator; $50,789,222.37 using the value of consumer bundle". Samuel H. Williamson, "Six Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount, 1790 to Present," MeasuringWorth, 2008. http://www.measuringworth.com/uscompare/ (accessed 16 January 2009).
In 2007, $48,000.00 from 1912 is worth: $1,058,767.66 using the Consumer Price Index; $786,007.10 using the GDP deflator; $2,185,893.58 using the value of consumer bundle; $4,589,473.68 using the unskilled wage; $5,594,827.95 using the nominal GDP per capita; or $17,728,283.97 using the relative share of GDP. Source: Samuel H. Williamson, "Six Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount, 1790 to Present", MeasuringWorth, 2008. URL http://www.measuringworth.com/uscompare/. Retrieved 15 January 2009.

newadvent.org

Henri Cordier, "Martyrs in China." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 9. (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910); 13 January 2009 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09746b.htm>.

nytimes.com

timesmachine.nytimes.com

"Mgr. Favier Denies Charges" The New York Times (10 February 1901); accessed 9 January 2009.
"Death of Bishop Favier; Head of Catholics in China – Unjustly Accused of Looting in 1900." New York Times (5 April 1905):9. Retrieved 8 January 2009
"Bishop Favier Denies Charges of Looting", The New York Times (1 December 1901);. Retrieved 9 January 1901.
"Catholic Bishop in China", The New York Times (21 February 1898):7;. Retrieved 8 January 2009.
"Gift from Peking for the Museum of Art: H.G. Squiers to Present Bronzes and Curios to This City", The New York Times (3 September 1901):3;. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
"Mr. Squiers's Curios: State Department Officials Do Not Believe He Profited by the Sales of Loot at Peking" Special to The New York Times (4 September 1901:1;. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
"Squiers Collection on Sale; Mrs. Pembroke Jones Among Purchasers of Old Chinese Porcelains." The New York Times (10 April 1912):22;. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
"Chinese Porcelain Bottles Bring $8,000" The New York Times (11 April 1912):9;. Retrieved 11 January 2009.

patrimoine-de-france.org

http://www.patrimoine-de-france.org/hommes/honneurs-166.html Archived 5 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 January 2009.

russojapanesewar.com

Kenneth G. Clark, "The Boxer Uprising 1899-1900", The Russo-Japanese War Research Society, http://www.russojapanesewar.com/boxers.html Archived 25 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 8 January 2009.

shsu.edu

W.A.P. Martin, "A Western Account of the Boxer Rebellion at Peking", from The Siege in Peking, China against the World (New York, F. H. Revell Company, 1900); http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/bxr2.html Archived 18 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 12 January 2009.

si.edu

siarchives.si.edu

William Cox, "Record Unit 192, United States National Museum, Permanent Administrative Files, 1877–1975", Smithsonian Institution Archives, Box 65 of 672. http://siarchives.si.edu/findingaids/FARU0192.htm. Retrieved 11 January 2009.

stanford.edu

histsoc.stanford.edu

George H. Knoles et al.., "Memorial Resolution Payson Jackson Treat (1879–1972)", http://histsoc.stanford.edu/pdfmem/TreatP.pdf Archived 7 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 13 January 2009.

uoregon.edu

libweb.uoregon.edu

Count Alfred Waldersee, "Plundering Peking" in Preussische Jahrbücher [Berlin Conservative Nationalist Historical Monthly](March); reprinted in The Living Age 317:4118 (9 June 1923):568. http://libweb.uoregon.edu/ec/e-asia/read/plunder.pdf (accessed 11 January 2009).

usfca.edu

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"Favier, Pierre-Marie-Alphonse (1837–1905)". Ricci Roundtable on the History of Christianity in China. Archived from the original on 8 September 2006. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
http://ricci.rt.usfca.edu/institution/view.aspx?institutionID=431 Archived 25 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
http://ricci.rt.usfca.edu/institution/view.aspx?institutionID=372 Archived 25 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 January 2009.

vincentians.org.au

Bernard Scott, "Pére Jean Pierre Armand David CM Archived 11 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine", 59;. Retrieved 14 January 2000.

vincenziani.com

Servi di Dio, http://www.vincenziani.com/servdoEMARTIRI.htm. Retrieved 13 January 2009.

walkerbooks.com

"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link). Retrieved 11 January 2009.

web.archive.org

"Favier, Pierre-Marie-Alphonse (1837–1905)". Ricci Roundtable on the History of Christianity in China. Archived from the original on 8 September 2006. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
Witek, Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity, http://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/f/favier-pierremarie-alphonse.php Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 9 January 2009.
Jean-Paulo Wiest, "Joseph Martial Mouly" Dictionary of Chinese Christian Biography; http://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/m/mouly-joseph-martial.php Archived 25 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 January 2009.
Bernard Scott, "Pére Jean Pierre Armand David CM Archived 11 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine", 59;. Retrieved 14 January 2000.
http://ricci.rt.usfca.edu/institution/view.aspx?institutionID=431 Archived 25 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
http://ricci.rt.usfca.edu/institution/view.aspx?institutionID=372 Archived 25 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
http://famvin.org/fr/missions/FAVIER/A_siegeJOURNAL.htm Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 January 2009.
Harold L. Auman, "Mandarin Hat-Button Bells", supplement from The Bell Tower (May 1966). http://americanbell.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=432&start=0&st=0&sk=t&sd=a Archived 17 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 January 2009.
Kenneth G. Clark, "The Boxer Uprising 1899-1900", The Russo-Japanese War Research Society, http://www.russojapanesewar.com/boxers.html Archived 25 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 8 January 2009.
Siège de la mission catholique du Pé-tang. Annales CM LXVI (66) (1901):55–124. http://www.famvin.org/fr/missions/FAVIER/FAVIER_siegePetang.htm Archived 5 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 9 January 2009.
Anthony E. Clark "China's Struggling Catholics: A Second Report on the Church in Beijing", Ignatius Insight (13 September 2008); http://www.ignatiusinsight.com/features2008/aclark_china2_sept08.asp Archived 23 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
W.A.P. Martin, "A Western Account of the Boxer Rebellion at Peking", from The Siege in Peking, China against the World (New York, F. H. Revell Company, 1900); http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/bxr2.html Archived 18 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link). Retrieved 11 January 2009.
Arthur Judson Brown, New Forces in Old China: An Inevitable Awakening, 2nd ed. 1904, 199.; "New Forces in Old China / Brown, Arthur Judson, 1856-1963". Archived from the original on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2009. (accessed 11 January 2009).
http://www.patrimoine-de-france.org/hommes/honneurs-166.html Archived 5 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 January 2009.
http://graduateinstitute.ch/corporate/faculty_en.html?personneId=22d3b12c75126e8aa7819ee32ed60363 Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 16 January 2009.
George H. Knoles et al.., "Memorial Resolution Payson Jackson Treat (1879–1972)", http://histsoc.stanford.edu/pdfmem/TreatP.pdf Archived 7 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 13 January 2009.
See BOXER PROTOCOL (PEKING), Article II, Peking, 7 September 1901; http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob26.html Archived 23 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 15 January 2008.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Cordier, Henri (1908). "The Church in China" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3.
Scully, John (1912). "Herbert Goldsmith Squiers" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14.

yale.edu

avalon.law.yale.edu

CONVENTION WITH RESPECT TO THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF WAR ON LAND (HAGUE, II) (29 July 1899), Annex to the Convention: REGULATIONS RESPECTING THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF WAR ON LAND, SECTION III. ON MILITARY AUTHORITY OVER HOSTILE TERRITORY, Article 46: "Family honors and rights, individual lives and private property, as well as religious convictions and liberty, must be respected. Private property cannot be confiscated."; Article 47: "Pillage is formally prohibited"; and Article 50: "No general penalty, pecuniary or otherwise, can be inflicted on the population on account of the acts of individuals for which it cannot be regarded as collectively responsible." http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/hague02.asp. Retrieved 15 January 2009.

yutopian.com

"Origin of the surname Xu, Hsu, Hui, Huie". www.yutopian.com. Retrieved 16 January 2009.