Approximant (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Approximant" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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17doi.org

2^nd place

13semanticscholar.org

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3web.archive.org

1^st place

2nih.gov

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2ghostarchive.org

32^nd place

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1jstor.org

26^th place

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1harvard.edu

18^th place

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1psu.edu

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1uu.nl

2,467^th place

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1academia.edu

121^st place

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1uwm.edu

7,852^nd place

4,764^th place

1logosdictionary.org

low place

1revistacontextos.es

low place

1phonetic-blog.blogspot.com

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1uab.cat

6,782^nd place

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1internationalphoneticassociation.org

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1books.google.com

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academia.edu

Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:256–257) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373 (inactive 1 November 2024){{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)

books.google.com

Grønnum (2005:154) Grønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 87-500-3865-6

doi.org

Martínez-Celdrán (2004:201), citing Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio (2004), "Problems in the classification of approximants", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 201–210, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001732 (inactive 1 November 2024), S2CID 144568679{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996), The Sounds of the World's Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-19815-6
Martínez-Celdrán (2004:201) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio (2004), "Problems in the classification of approximants", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 201–210, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001732 (inactive 1 November 2024), S2CID 144568679{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Martínez-Celdrán (2004:201) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio (2004), "Problems in the classification of approximants", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 201–210, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001732 (inactive 1 November 2024), S2CID 144568679{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Martínez-Celdrán (2004:201), pointing to Ladefoged (1964:25) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio (2004), "Problems in the classification of approximants", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 201–210, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001732 (inactive 1 November 2024), S2CID 144568679{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) Ladefoged, Peter (1964), A Phonetic Study of West African Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:323), citing Maddieson & Emmorey (1985) Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996), The Sounds of the World's Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-19815-6 Maddieson, Ian; Emmorey, Karen (1985), "Relationship between semivowels and vowels: Cross-linguistic investigations of acoustic difference and coarticulation", Phonetica, 42 (4): 163–174, doi:10.1159/000261748, PMID 3842771, S2CID 46872676
Rubach (2002:680), citing Kawasaki (1982) Rubach, Jerzy (2002), "Against subsegmental glides", Linguistic Inquiry, 33 (4): 672–687, doi:10.1162/ling.2002.33.4.672, S2CID 57566358 Kawasaki, Haruko (1982), An acoustical basis for universal constraints on sound sequences (doctoral dissertation), University of California, Berkeley
Montreuil (2004:104) Montreuil, Jean-Pierre (2004), "From velar codas to high nuclei: phonetic and structural change in OT", Probus, 16: 91–111, doi:10.1515/prbs.2004.005
Saporta (1956:288) Saporta, Sol (1956), "A Note on Spanish Semivowels", Language, 32 (2): 287–290, doi:10.2307/411006, JSTOR 411006
Martínez-Celdrán (2004:202) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio (2004), "Problems in the classification of approximants", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 201–210, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001732 (inactive 1 November 2024), S2CID 144568679{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Hallé et al. (1999:283) citing Delattre & Freeman (1968), Zawadzki & Kuehn (1980), and Boyce & Espy-Wilson (1997) Hallé, Pierre A.; Best, Catherine T.; Levitt, Andrea; Andrea (1999), "Phonetic vs. phonological influences on French listeners' perception of American English approximants", Journal of Phonetics, 27 (3): 281–306, doi:10.1006/jpho.1999.0097 Delattre, P.; Freeman, D. C. (1968), "A dialect study of American R's by x-ray motion picture", Linguistics, 44: 29–68 Zawadzki, P. A.; Kuehn, D. P. (1980), "A cineradiographic study of static and dynamic aspects of American English /r/", Phonetica, 37 (4): 253–266, doi:10.1159/000259995, PMID 7443796, S2CID 46760239 Boyce, S.; Espy-Wilson, C. (1997), "Coarticulatory stability in American English /r/", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101 (6): 3741–3753, Bibcode:1997ASAJ..101.3741B, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.16.4174, doi:10.1121/1.418333, PMID 9193061
Rubach (2002:672) Rubach, Jerzy (2002), "Against subsegmental glides", Linguistic Inquiry, 33 (4): 672–687, doi:10.1162/ling.2002.33.4.672, S2CID 57566358
Rubach (2002:675–676) Rubach, Jerzy (2002), "Against subsegmental glides", Linguistic Inquiry, 33 (4): 672–687, doi:10.1162/ling.2002.33.4.672, S2CID 57566358
Rubach (2002:677–678) Rubach, Jerzy (2002), "Against subsegmental glides", Linguistic Inquiry, 33 (4): 672–687, doi:10.1162/ling.2002.33.4.672, S2CID 57566358
There is dialectal and allophonic variation in the realization of /ʋ/. For speakers who realize it as [ʋ], Rubach (2002:683) postulates an additional rule that changes any occurrence of [w] from glide insertion into [ʋ]. Rubach, Jerzy (2002), "Against subsegmental glides", Linguistic Inquiry, 33 (4): 672–687, doi:10.1162/ling.2002.33.4.672, S2CID 57566358
Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:256–257) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373 (inactive 1 November 2024){{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Martínez-Celdrán (2004:204) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio (2004), "Problems in the classification of approximants", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 201–210, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001732 (inactive 1 November 2024), S2CID 144568679{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Ohala & Solé (2010:43) Ohala, John J.; Solé, Maria-Josep (2010), "Turbulence and phonology" (PDF), in Fuchs, Susanne; Toda, Martine; Żygis, Marzena (eds.), Turbulent Sounds: An Interdisciplinary Guide, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 37–101, doi:10.1515/9783110226584.37, ISBN 978-3-11-022657-7, archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-06-03, retrieved 2021-06-03

ghostarchive.org

Akamatsu (1992:30) Akamatsu, Tsutomu (1992), "A critique of the IPA Chart" (PDF), Contextos, X (19–20): 7–42, archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09, retrieved 21 December 2020
Asu, Nolan & Schötz (2015:5) Asu, Eva Liina; Nolan, Francis; Schötz, Susanne (2015), "A comparative study of Estonian Swedish voiceless laterals: Are voiceless approximants fricatives?" (PDF), Proceedings: 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, University of Glasgow, ISBN 978-0-85261-941-4, archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09{{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link)

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Hallé et al. (1999:283) citing Delattre & Freeman (1968), Zawadzki & Kuehn (1980), and Boyce & Espy-Wilson (1997) Hallé, Pierre A.; Best, Catherine T.; Levitt, Andrea; Andrea (1999), "Phonetic vs. phonological influences on French listeners' perception of American English approximants", Journal of Phonetics, 27 (3): 281–306, doi:10.1006/jpho.1999.0097 Delattre, P.; Freeman, D. C. (1968), "A dialect study of American R's by x-ray motion picture", Linguistics, 44: 29–68 Zawadzki, P. A.; Kuehn, D. P. (1980), "A cineradiographic study of static and dynamic aspects of American English /r/", Phonetica, 37 (4): 253–266, doi:10.1159/000259995, PMID 7443796, S2CID 46760239 Boyce, S.; Espy-Wilson, C. (1997), "Coarticulatory stability in American English /r/", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101 (6): 3741–3753, Bibcode:1997ASAJ..101.3741B, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.16.4174, doi:10.1121/1.418333, PMID 9193061

internationalphoneticassociation.org

Asu, Nolan & Schötz (2015:5) Asu, Eva Liina; Nolan, Francis; Schötz, Susanne (2015), "A comparative study of Estonian Swedish voiceless laterals: Are voiceless approximants fricatives?" (PDF), Proceedings: 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, University of Glasgow, ISBN 978-0-85261-941-4, archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09{{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link)

jstor.org

Saporta (1956:288) Saporta, Sol (1956), "A Note on Spanish Semivowels", Language, 32 (2): 287–290, doi:10.2307/411006, JSTOR 411006

logosdictionary.org

Listen to a recording Archived February 26, 2006, at the Wayback Machine

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:323), citing Maddieson & Emmorey (1985) Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996), The Sounds of the World's Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-19815-6 Maddieson, Ian; Emmorey, Karen (1985), "Relationship between semivowels and vowels: Cross-linguistic investigations of acoustic difference and coarticulation", Phonetica, 42 (4): 163–174, doi:10.1159/000261748, PMID 3842771, S2CID 46872676
Hallé et al. (1999:283) citing Delattre & Freeman (1968), Zawadzki & Kuehn (1980), and Boyce & Espy-Wilson (1997) Hallé, Pierre A.; Best, Catherine T.; Levitt, Andrea; Andrea (1999), "Phonetic vs. phonological influences on French listeners' perception of American English approximants", Journal of Phonetics, 27 (3): 281–306, doi:10.1006/jpho.1999.0097 Delattre, P.; Freeman, D. C. (1968), "A dialect study of American R's by x-ray motion picture", Linguistics, 44: 29–68 Zawadzki, P. A.; Kuehn, D. P. (1980), "A cineradiographic study of static and dynamic aspects of American English /r/", Phonetica, 37 (4): 253–266, doi:10.1159/000259995, PMID 7443796, S2CID 46760239 Boyce, S.; Espy-Wilson, C. (1997), "Coarticulatory stability in American English /r/", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101 (6): 3741–3753, Bibcode:1997ASAJ..101.3741B, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.16.4174, doi:10.1121/1.418333, PMID 9193061

phonetic-blog.blogspot.com

Wells, J. C. (7 April 2009), "[h]: Fricative or approximant?", John Wells' Blog, retrieved 23 December 2020

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Hallé et al. (1999:283) citing Delattre & Freeman (1968), Zawadzki & Kuehn (1980), and Boyce & Espy-Wilson (1997) Hallé, Pierre A.; Best, Catherine T.; Levitt, Andrea; Andrea (1999), "Phonetic vs. phonological influences on French listeners' perception of American English approximants", Journal of Phonetics, 27 (3): 281–306, doi:10.1006/jpho.1999.0097 Delattre, P.; Freeman, D. C. (1968), "A dialect study of American R's by x-ray motion picture", Linguistics, 44: 29–68 Zawadzki, P. A.; Kuehn, D. P. (1980), "A cineradiographic study of static and dynamic aspects of American English /r/", Phonetica, 37 (4): 253–266, doi:10.1159/000259995, PMID 7443796, S2CID 46760239 Boyce, S.; Espy-Wilson, C. (1997), "Coarticulatory stability in American English /r/", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101 (6): 3741–3753, Bibcode:1997ASAJ..101.3741B, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.16.4174, doi:10.1121/1.418333, PMID 9193061

revistacontextos.es

Akamatsu (1992:30) Akamatsu, Tsutomu (1992), "A critique of the IPA Chart" (PDF), Contextos, X (19–20): 7–42, archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09, retrieved 21 December 2020

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Martínez-Celdrán (2004:201), citing Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio (2004), "Problems in the classification of approximants", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 201–210, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001732 (inactive 1 November 2024), S2CID 144568679{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996), The Sounds of the World's Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-19815-6
Martínez-Celdrán (2004:201) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio (2004), "Problems in the classification of approximants", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 201–210, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001732 (inactive 1 November 2024), S2CID 144568679{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Martínez-Celdrán (2004:201) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio (2004), "Problems in the classification of approximants", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 201–210, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001732 (inactive 1 November 2024), S2CID 144568679{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Martínez-Celdrán (2004:201), pointing to Ladefoged (1964:25) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio (2004), "Problems in the classification of approximants", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 201–210, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001732 (inactive 1 November 2024), S2CID 144568679{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) Ladefoged, Peter (1964), A Phonetic Study of West African Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:323), citing Maddieson & Emmorey (1985) Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996), The Sounds of the World's Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-19815-6 Maddieson, Ian; Emmorey, Karen (1985), "Relationship between semivowels and vowels: Cross-linguistic investigations of acoustic difference and coarticulation", Phonetica, 42 (4): 163–174, doi:10.1159/000261748, PMID 3842771, S2CID 46872676
Rubach (2002:680), citing Kawasaki (1982) Rubach, Jerzy (2002), "Against subsegmental glides", Linguistic Inquiry, 33 (4): 672–687, doi:10.1162/ling.2002.33.4.672, S2CID 57566358 Kawasaki, Haruko (1982), An acoustical basis for universal constraints on sound sequences (doctoral dissertation), University of California, Berkeley
Martínez-Celdrán (2004:202) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio (2004), "Problems in the classification of approximants", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 201–210, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001732 (inactive 1 November 2024), S2CID 144568679{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Hallé et al. (1999:283) citing Delattre & Freeman (1968), Zawadzki & Kuehn (1980), and Boyce & Espy-Wilson (1997) Hallé, Pierre A.; Best, Catherine T.; Levitt, Andrea; Andrea (1999), "Phonetic vs. phonological influences on French listeners' perception of American English approximants", Journal of Phonetics, 27 (3): 281–306, doi:10.1006/jpho.1999.0097 Delattre, P.; Freeman, D. C. (1968), "A dialect study of American R's by x-ray motion picture", Linguistics, 44: 29–68 Zawadzki, P. A.; Kuehn, D. P. (1980), "A cineradiographic study of static and dynamic aspects of American English /r/", Phonetica, 37 (4): 253–266, doi:10.1159/000259995, PMID 7443796, S2CID 46760239 Boyce, S.; Espy-Wilson, C. (1997), "Coarticulatory stability in American English /r/", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101 (6): 3741–3753, Bibcode:1997ASAJ..101.3741B, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.16.4174, doi:10.1121/1.418333, PMID 9193061
Rubach (2002:672) Rubach, Jerzy (2002), "Against subsegmental glides", Linguistic Inquiry, 33 (4): 672–687, doi:10.1162/ling.2002.33.4.672, S2CID 57566358
Rubach (2002:675–676) Rubach, Jerzy (2002), "Against subsegmental glides", Linguistic Inquiry, 33 (4): 672–687, doi:10.1162/ling.2002.33.4.672, S2CID 57566358
Rubach (2002:677–678) Rubach, Jerzy (2002), "Against subsegmental glides", Linguistic Inquiry, 33 (4): 672–687, doi:10.1162/ling.2002.33.4.672, S2CID 57566358
There is dialectal and allophonic variation in the realization of /ʋ/. For speakers who realize it as [ʋ], Rubach (2002:683) postulates an additional rule that changes any occurrence of [w] from glide insertion into [ʋ]. Rubach, Jerzy (2002), "Against subsegmental glides", Linguistic Inquiry, 33 (4): 672–687, doi:10.1162/ling.2002.33.4.672, S2CID 57566358
Martínez-Celdrán (2004:204) Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio (2004), "Problems in the classification of approximants", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 201–210, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001732 (inactive 1 November 2024), S2CID 144568679{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)

uab.cat

pagines.uab.cat

Ohala & Solé (2010:43) Ohala, John J.; Solé, Maria-Josep (2010), "Turbulence and phonology" (PDF), in Fuchs, Susanne; Toda, Martine; Żygis, Marzena (eds.), Turbulent Sounds: An Interdisciplinary Guide, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 37–101, doi:10.1515/9783110226584.37, ISBN 978-3-11-022657-7, archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-06-03, retrieved 2021-06-03

uu.nl

dspace.library.uu.nl

Both cited in Hamann (2003:25–26) Hamann, Silke (2003), The Phonetics and Phonology of Retroflexes, Utrecht: LOT, ISBN 90-76864-39-X^{[permanent dead link‍]}

uwm.edu

pantherfile.uwm.edu

"Ahn & Iverson (2006)" (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20, retrieved 2010-12-31

web.archive.org

"Ahn & Iverson (2006)" (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20, retrieved 2010-12-31
Listen to a recording Archived February 26, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
Ohala & Solé (2010:43) Ohala, John J.; Solé, Maria-Josep (2010), "Turbulence and phonology" (PDF), in Fuchs, Susanne; Toda, Martine; Żygis, Marzena (eds.), Turbulent Sounds: An Interdisciplinary Guide, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 37–101, doi:10.1515/9783110226584.37, ISBN 978-3-11-022657-7, archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-06-03, retrieved 2021-06-03