Bruno Bettelheim (English Wikipedia)

Address to Florida Autism Task Force on World Autism Day, Autistic Self Advocacy Network (ASAN), Ari Ne'eman, April 2, 2008. '…the past few decades have resulted in a decrease in the stigmatization of parents of autistic children, as a result of the medical community moving away from the odious and damaging inaccuracy that autism is the result of "refrigerator mothers."'

bbc.co.uk

genome.ch.bbc.co.uk

"Horizon - BBC Two England - 2 February 1987". BBC Genome. February 2, 1987. Retrieved July 16, 2018.

bookcritics.org

"All Past National Book Critics Circle Award Winners and Finalists" Archived June 4, 2019, at the Wayback Machine. National Book Critics Circle. Retrieved 2019-05-09.

books.google.com

Andrews, Deborah; Turner, Roland (1990). The Annual Obituary. St. James Press. ISBN 978-1-55862092-6.
John F. Ohles ed., 1978, Biographical Dictionary of American Educators, Vol. 1, London, England and Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Silberman 2015, pp. 202–3. Silberman, Steve (2015), NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity, forew. Oliver Sacks, Penguin Random House, ISBN 9781101639641.
Samuel Totten, Paul R. Bartrop, 2008, Dictionary of Genocide, Volume 1: A–L, "Bettelheim, Bruno (1903–1990)," with contributions by Steven Leonard Jacobs, Westport, CT, U.S. and London, UK: Greenwood.
Morris Finder, 2004, Educating America: How Ralph W. Tyler Taught America to Teach, forew. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Westport, CT, London: Praeger, p. 41.
Silberman 2015, pp. 199–208: "The closest he ever came to meeting Freud was walking past his house." Silberman, Steve (2015), NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity, forew. Oliver Sacks, Penguin Random House, ISBN 9781101639641.
Merkin, Daphne (September 2, 2014). The Fame Lunches: On Wounded Icons, Money, Sex, the Brontës, and the Importance of Handbags. Macmillan. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-37414037-3.
Severson, Katherine De Maria; Aune, James Arnt; Jodlowski, Denise (2007). "Bruno Bettelheim, Autism, and the Rhetoric of Scientific Authority". In Osteen, Mark (ed.). Autism and Representation. Routledge research in cultural and media studies. Routledge. pp. 65–77. ISBN 978-0-415-95644-4. Retrieved August 28, 2009.
Osgood, Nancy J. (July 1992). Suicide in later life. Lexington Books (published 1992). p. 4. ISBN 978-0-669-21214-3. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
Silberman 2015, p. 201. Silberman, Steve (2015), NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity, forew. Oliver Sacks, Penguin Random House, ISBN 9781101639641.
Silberman 2015, p. 203, last ¶. Silberman, Steve (2015), NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity, forew. Oliver Sacks, Penguin Random House, ISBN 9781101639641.
Pollak, Richard (1997). The creation of Dr. B: A biography of Bruno Bettelheim. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 478. ISBN 0-684-80938-9.^{[permanent dead link]}
A Psychiatric Study of Fairy Tales: Their Origin, Meaning and Usefulness; enlarged, thoroughly rev. 2nd ed., Julius E. Heuscher, Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, April 1974, 422 pp.
Kenneth A. Kavale, Mark P. Mostert, 2004, The Positive Side of Special Education: Minimizing Its Fads, Fancies, and Follies, ScareCrow Education (imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield), p. 132.
Late-Talking Children: A Symptom of a Stage?, Stephen M. Camarata, MIT Press, 2014. From "Ch. 4: Lessons from Autism: Charlatans, False Cures, and Questionable Cures", page 81 quotes a paragraph from Newsweek magazine.
Ann Hulbert, 2003, Raising America: Experts, Parents, and a Century of Advice about Children, Random House. "An evocative case history approach like his allowed for fudging of samples, methods, and final results, and Bettelheim did so quite brazenly."
Lisa D. Benaron, 2009, Autism, Greenwood Press, p. 4.
Millon, Theodore; Krueger, mRobert F.; Simonsen, Erik, eds. (2011). Contemporary Directions in Psychopathology. Scientific Foundations of the DSM-V and ICD-11. New York City: Guilford Press. p. 555. ISBN 978-1-60623-533-1.
Valerie Paradiz, 2002, Elijah's Cup: A Family's Journey into the Community and Culture of High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's Syndrome, rev. ed., Free Press; UK: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2005, pp. 72–73: "At the time, few people knew that Bettelheim had faked his credentials and was using fictional data to support his research. In 1944, with a forged resumé that suggested a stellar academic career in psychoanalysis in Austria, Bettelheim had made his way into a post as the director of the Orthgenic School for Disturbed Children at the University of Chicago."
Roy Richard Grinker, 2007, Unstrange Minds: Remapping the World of Autism: A Father, a Daughter, and a Search for New Answers, New York: Basic Books (Perseus Books).
Jordynn Jack, 2014, Autism and Gender: From Refrigerator Mothers to Computer Geeks, University of Illinois Press.

case.edu

Silverman, Chloe. "From Disorders of Affect to Mindblindness: Framing the History of Autism Spectrum Disorders". The Society for Critical Exchange. Retrieved May 8, 2019.

cdc.gov

Workshop on U.S. Data to Evaluate Changes in the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), February 1, 2011, Background: What Do We Know About ASD Prevalence?, M. Yeargin-Allsopp, p. 7, 'There are likely multiple forms of ASDs with multiple causes that are poorly understood.'

chicagoreader.com

In Print: the abominable Dr. Bettelheim, Chicago Reader, Cara Jepsen, Jan. 16, 1997.
Chicago Reader, Letters to the Editor, The Cult of Bettelheim, "By WB A former counselor," July 5, 1990.
Alida Jatich April 5, 1990 Chicago Reader, Letters to the Editor, Brutal Bettelheim, name withheld. Alida Jatich, April 4, 1991 The Monster of the Midway. The author lived at the "Orthogenic School" from 1966–72, and in her second letter acknowledges authorship of the first.

chicagotribune.com

articles.chicagotribune.com

Winn 1997 "He was familiar with this disease because his first wife, Gina, had cared for an autistic child in their home for several years. Winn, Marie (February 23, 1997), "Biography as Revenge", Chicago Tribune.
Bettelheim Accused of Plagiarizing Book, Chicago Tribune, Sharman Stein, February 7, 1991.
John W. Fountain, March 14, 1990, Dr. Bruno Bettelheim, Child Psychology Expert, Chicago Tribune.
Winn 1997. Winn, Marie (February 23, 1997), "Biography as Revenge", Chicago Tribune.
Setting The Record Straight About A 'Fallen Guru', Chicago Tribune, Joan Beck, Editorial, April 3, 1997. '…claimed he had summa cum laude degrees in three disciplines…'
Alida Jatich, Oct. 29, 1990. A Personal View Of Bruno Bettelheim, Chicago Tribune 'Whenever Bettelheim called a young person "autistic" or "psychotic" or "homicidal" or "suicidal" or anything else, the staff believed him regardless of all evidence to the contrary. To them, the truth was whatever Bettelheim said it was, and their job was to get me and the other youngsters to accept it.'
Joan Beck, Oct. 1, 1990, Bettelheim Led Us Cruelly Down Wrong Road for Children, Chicago Tribune editorial. "But autism is almost certainly caused by a genetic defect, not a cold style of mothering. (Even a quick look at children who are abused or neglected by parents should make it obvious that autism is a completely different kind of problem.)"

chicagotribune.com

Fountain, John W. (March 14, 1990). "Dr. Bruno Bettleheim, child psychology expert". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
Ron Grossman, November 11, 1990, "Solving The Puzzle That Was Bruno Bettelheim", Chicago Tribune. "Yet the [University of Chicago]'s official biographical sketch credits Bettelheim with only one Ph.D., and doesn't specify a field."
Ron Grossman, January 23, 1997, Genius or Fraud? Bettelheim's Biographers Can't Seem To Decide, Chicago Tribune, "…he evidently gambled that because of the war no one would be able to check on his credentials…"
Beck, Joan (1997). "Setting the record straight about a 'fallen guru'". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 7, 2019.

commentarymagazine.com

Angres, Ronald: "Who, Really, Was Bruno Bettelheim?", personal essay, Commentary, 90, (4), October 1, 1990: 26–30.

dickcavettshow.com

"The Dick Cavett Show - Guests". dickcavettshow.com. Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2019.

doi.org

Bettelheim, Bruno (1943). "Individual and Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 38 (4): 417–52. doi:10.1037/h0061208.

goodreads.com

Roberta Carly Redford, 2010, Crazy: My Seven Years at Bruno Bettelheim's Orthogenic School, Trafford Publishing, 364 pp. The author was a student at the school from 1967 to 1974, ages 16 to 23.

independent.co.uk

Nicholas Tucker, 8 December 1995 Turbulent dreams of a damaged saint, The Independent UK (review of Bruno Bettelheim: A Life and a Legacy by Nina Sutton).

jstor.org

Dundes, Alan: "Bruno Bettelheim's Uses of Enchantment and Abuses of Scholarship". The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 104, No. 411. (Winter, 1991): pp. 74–83.

latimes.com

Bettelheim Plagiarized Book Ideas, Scholar Says : Authors: The late child psychologist is accused of 'wholesale borrowing' for study of fairy tales, Los Angeles Times, Anne C. Roark, Feb. 7, 1991. The article includes a contrast-and-compare between Bettelheim and a passage from Julius Heuscher's book.
Howard Gardner, Jan. 19, 1997 The Confidence Man : The creation of dr. B.: A Biography of Bruno Bettelheim. By Richard Pollak. Simon & Schuster: 478 pp., Los Angeles Times review. "…indicts those of his time who knew the man but kept their reservations to themselves."

mayoclinic.org

Autism spectrum disorder, Cause, Mayo Clinic Staff, June 3, 2014. 'Genetic problems. Several different genes appear to be involved… Environmental factors. Researchers are currently exploring whether such factors as viral infections, complications during pregnancy or air pollutants play a role in triggering autism spectrum disorder.'

nationalbook.org

"National Book Awards – 1977". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
There was a "Contemporary" or "Current" award category from 1972 to 1980.

nybooks.com

Robert Gottlieb, Feb 27, 2003, "The Strange Case of Dr. B.", The New York Review.

nytimes.com

Boxer, Sarah (January 26, 1997). "The Man He Always Wanted to Be". The New York Times. Retrieved December 2, 2016. Bruno Bettelheim's new biographer lays his cards on the table right away: he thinks Bettelheim was a pathological liar.
Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (January 13, 1997). "An Icon of Psychology Falls From His Pedestal". The New York Times. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
Roberta Redford, Nov. 20, 1990 Letter to the Editor, The New York Times, 'Bettelheim Became the Very Evil He Loathed,' written Nov. 9. "I would like to believe that at the beginning his motives were pure. By the time I knew him, he was a megalomaniac, twisted and out of control. We were terrified of him, and lived for those days when he was out of town."
Bernstein, Richard: "Accusations of Abuse Haunt the Legacy of Dr. Bruno Bettelheim", The New York Times, November 4, 1990: "The Week in Review" section. "…not only of a tyrant but of a hypocrite as well."
Bernstein, Richard (November 4, 1990). "Ideas & Trends; Accusations of Abuse Haunt the Legacy of Dr. Bruno Bettelheim". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, Jan. 13, 1997 An Icon of Psychology Falls From His Pedestal, The New York Times, Books, review of The Creation of Dr. B by Richard Pollak.

philly.com

Why are the French still blaming mothers for autism?, Philly. Michael Yudell: Tuesday, January 31, 2012.

reformjudaismmag.org

Tec, Nechama (Winter 2013). "Did Jews Go Like Sheep to the Slaughter?". Reform Judaism Magazine. Retrieved December 5, 2018.

srmhp.org

Separating Fact from Fiction in the Etiology and Treatment of Autism, Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, James Herbert, Ian Sharp, Brandon Gaudiano (all three authors from Hahnemann University in Philadelphia, Penn.), Vol. 1: No. 1, Spring-Summer 2002. "…no controlled research has been produced to support the refrigerator mother theory of autism. For example, Allen, DeMeyer, Norton, Pontus, and Yang (1971) did not find differences between parents of autistic and mentally retarded children and matched comparison children on personality measures."

supportthewall.org

Heurtevent, David (January 2, 2012). "Introduction to Autism in France: A Really Silly Psychiatric System !". Support The Wall – Autism. Archived from the original on December 20, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2012.

torontopubliclibrary.ca

Stephen Eliot, 2003 Not The Thing I Was: Thirteen Years at Bruno Bettelheim's Orthogenic School, New York: St. Martin's Press, as listed for Toronto Public Library.

uoregon.edu

blogs.uoregon.edu

Herman, Ellen. "Childhood Psychosis or Schizophrenia". The Autism History Project. University of Oregon. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
Herman, Ellen. "Bruno Bettelheim, "Schizophrenia as a Reaction to Extreme Situations," 1956". The Autism History Project. University of Oregon. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
Herman, Ellen. "Psychogenesis". The Autism History Project. University of Oregon. Retrieved February 29, 2020.

upenn.edu

onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu

A Psychiatric Study of Fairy Tales: Their Origin, Meaning and Usefulness, Julius E. Heuscher, illus. Melba Bennett, Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1963, 224 pp.

washingtonexaminer.com

Peter D. Kramer, April 7, 1997 The battle over Bettelheim, Weekly Standard.

washingtonpost.com

Charles Pekow, Aug. 26, 1990, The Other Dr. Bettelheim, The Washington Post editorial. "…we could never tell when he would attack us for any arbitrary reason…" See 'The Other Dr. Bettelheim', Sept. 6, 1990, and The Bettelheim We Know (Cont'd.), Oct. 6, 1990, for the contrasting views of some counselors.

web.archive.org

Finn 1997. Finn, Molly (June–July 1997), "In the Case of Bruno Bettelheim", First Things, archived from the original on February 20, 2012{{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
"All Past National Book Critics Circle Award Winners and Finalists" Archived June 4, 2019, at the Wayback Machine. National Book Critics Circle. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
"The Dick Cavett Show - Guests". dickcavettshow.com. Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
McHugh, Paul R. (January 19, 1997). "Bruno Bettelheim: a cautionary life". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved May 7, 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Feinstein, Adam. "'Refrigerator mother' tosh must go into cold storage". Autism connect. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved July 29, 2007.
Heurtevent, David (January 2, 2012). "Introduction to Autism in France: A Really Silly Psychiatric System !". Support The Wall – Autism. Archived from the original on December 20, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2012.
Ezra, Michael (2007). "The Eichmann Polemics: Hannah Arendt and Her Critics". Democratiya (book review). London. Archived from the original on January 20, 2009. Retrieved February 20, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

worldcat.org

Bernstein, Richard (November 4, 1990). "Ideas & Trends; Accusations of Abuse Haunt the Legacy of Dr. Bruno Bettelheim". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.