Wortman, Jacob Lawson (May 1901). "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum," American Journal of Science11reprinted in Wortman, Jacob Lawson (1899). "Collected Papers". n.p. p. 285.
Matthew, William Diller (August 1909). "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, Middle Eocene". Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History. 9 (6): 289–576. hdl:2246/5744. The discussion concerning creodont carnassials is found at page 321.