Child care (English Wikipedia)

Day care in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English daycare or day care in the American Heritage Dictionary child day care is the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child's legal guardians, typically performed by someone outside the child's immediate family. Day care is typically an ongoing service during specific periods, such as the parents' time at work. The service is known as day care or childcare Oxford Dictionaries in the United Kingdom, North America, and Australia and as crèche in Ireland and New Zealand. According to Oxford Living Dictionaries, child care in two words can in addition have the broader meaning of the care of a child by anyone, including the parents,Oxford Dictionaries but US dictionaries do not record that spelling or meaning. in Random House Dictionary, The American Heritage Dictionary, Merriam-Webster

banxico.org.mx (Global: low place; English: low place)

Calderon, Gabriela (April 2014). "The Effects of Child Care Provision in Mexico" (PDF). Banco de México Documentos de Investigación.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

BBC Parenting, Help with Child Care Archived 3 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

Saraiva, Catarina; Pickert, Reade; Rockeman, Olivia (29 January 2021). "The Economic Recovery Has a Child-Care Problem". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 1 February 2021.

bls.gov (Global: 3,091^st place; English: 2,103^rd place)

"Employee Benefits in the United States, March 2025". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 25 September 2025. Retrieved 8 September 2026.

bookroomreviews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"KinderCare Learning Centers". Book Room Reviews. Retrieved 2 December 2013.

borger.dk (Global: low place; English: low place)

lifeindenmark.borger.dk

"Childcare facilities for young children". lifeindenmark.dk. Retrieved 9 October 2022.

canada.ca (Global: 1,114^th place; English: 605^th place)

Canada, Department of Finance (19 April 2021). "Budget 2021: A Canada-wide Early Learning and Child Care Plan". Government of Canada. Retrieved 9 October 2022.

cao.go.jp (Global: 2,899^th place; English: 9,501^st place)

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幼児教育・保育の無償化概要 (Japanese). Cabinet Office

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

"Evidence From Census 2000 About Earnings by Detailed Occupation for Men and Women. Census 2000 Special Reports, May 2004" (PDF). Retrieved 2 September 2006.

childcare.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

Childcare.gov Resources about daycare and early development

childcare.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Child Care Aware of America (2013). "Parents and the High Cost of Child Care: 2013 Report" (PDF).

childcareaware.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

info.childcareaware.org

Vucic, Nick (19 November 2014). "BREAKING: President Obama Signs CCDBG Reauthorization Bill into Law". Child Care Aware of America National Policy Blog. Archived from the original on 6 November 2014. https://info.childcareaware.org/blog/2014/11/obama-signs-ccdbg

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"About ADCO – ADCO :: The Association of Day Care Operators of Ontario :: Childcare Today". Childcaretoday.ca. Archived from the original on 10 July 2007. Retrieved 2 December 2013.

childforum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ChildForum Childcare Information http://www.childforum.com/options-a-differences-between-ece-programmes/73-private-childcare-arrangements-making-your-own-and-what-is-involved.html

commondreams.org (Global: 5,655^th place; English: 3,462^nd place)

"Providers, Parents Strike Nationwide in ‘Day Without Childcare’ to Demand Universal Program", Julia Conley, Common Dreams, May 11, 2026.

creativecommons.org (Global: 580^th place; English: 287^th place)

Farah, Martha J.; Sternberg, Saul; Nichols, Thomas A.; Duda, Jeffrey T.; Lohrenz, Terry; Luo, Yi; Sonnier, Libbie; Ramey, Sharon L.; Montague, Read; Ramey, Craig T. (1 May 2021). "Randomized Manipulation of Early Cognitive Experience Impacts Adult Brain Structure". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 33 (6): 1197–1209. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01709. hdl:10919/103551. PMID 34428792. S2CID 233638156. Available under CC BY 4.0.

daycare.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Missouri Licensing Standards for Day Care Centers Homes". Daycare.com. Retrieved 2 December 2013.

daycarematch.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Daycare Match – Daycare providers & Childcare". daycarematch.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2006.

daycareunitedstates.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"State By State Daycare Search, City By City Daycare Search, Search Daycare Centers and Daycare Homes, Daycare Listings, Child Care Directory, Daycare Locations". Daycareunitedstates.com. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2013.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Early Child Care Research Network, National Institute of Child Health (July 2003). "Does Amount of Time Spent in Child Care Predict Socioemotional Adjustment During the Transition to Kindergarten?". Child Development. 74 (4): 976–1005. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00582. PMID 12938694.
Weisner, Thomas S.; Gallimore, Ronald G. (1977). "My Brother's Keeper: Child and Sibling Caretaking [and Comments and Reply]". Current Anthropology. 18 (2): 169–190. doi:10.1086/201883. S2CID 144720648.
Wiltz, Nancy W. (2001). ""What do you do in child care?" Children's perceptions of high and low quality classrooms". Early Childhood Research Quarterly. 16 (2): 209–236. doi:10.1016/S0885-2006(01)00099-0.
McKeon, Michael (23 February 2013). "The Morality of Daycare". Philosophia. 41: 97–107. doi:10.1007/s11406-013-9419-4. S2CID 143352807.
Farah, Martha J.; Sternberg, Saul; Nichols, Thomas A.; Duda, Jeffrey T.; Lohrenz, Terry; Luo, Yi; Sonnier, Libbie; Ramey, Sharon L.; Montague, Read; Ramey, Craig T. (1 May 2021). "Randomized Manipulation of Early Cognitive Experience Impacts Adult Brain Structure". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 33 (6): 1197–1209. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01709. hdl:10919/103551. PMID 34428792. S2CID 233638156. Available under CC BY 4.0.
Erel O, Oberman Y, Yirmiya N (2000). "Maternal versus nonmaternal care and seven domains of children's development". Psychol Bull. 126 (5): 727–47. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.727. PMID 10989621.
Nesti, MM; Goldbaum, M (July–August 2007). "Infectious diseases and daycare and preschool education". Jornal de Pediatria. 83 (4): 299–312. doi:10.2223/jped.1649. PMID 17632670.
Warren-Gash, C; Fragaszy, E; Hayward, AC (September 2013). "Hand hygiene to reduce community transmission of influenza and acute respiratory tract infection: a systematic review". Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 7 (5): 738–49. doi:10.1111/irv.12015. PMC 5781206. PMID 23043518.
Rooshenas, L; Wood, F; Brookes-Howell, L; Evans, MR; Butler, CC (May 2014). "The influence of children's day care on antibiotic seeking: a mixed methods study". The British Journal of General Practice. 64 (622): e302–12. doi:10.3399/bjgp14x679741. PMC 4001146. PMID 24771845.
De Tray, Dennis N. (1973). "Child Quality and the Demand for Children". Journal of Political Economy. 81 (2, Part 2): S70–S95. doi:10.1086/260154. ISSN 0022-3808. Retrieved 13 March 2026.
Varga, Erzsébet Teréz (2024). "What is the economically and socially optimised child support?: Introducing a child welfare optimization approach". Central European Journal of Operations Research. 32 (1): 131–154. doi:10.1007/s10100-023-00865-1. ISSN 1435-246X. Retrieved 9 August 2026.
Cremer, Helmuth; Gahvari, Firouz; Pestieau, Pierre (2011). "Fertility, human capital accumulation, and the pension system". Journal of Public Economics. 95 (11–12): 1272–1279. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.09.014. Retrieved 10 August 2026.
Boysen-Hogrefe, Jens (2025). "Versicherungsfremde Leistungen in der Rentenversicherung vom Bundeszuschuss gedeckt". Wirtschaftsdienst (in German). 105 (10): 753–757. doi:10.2478/wd-2025-0190. hdl:10419/330872. ISSN 1613-978X. Retrieved 9 August 2026.
Bousselin, Audrey (2021). "Access to universal childcare and its effect on maternal employment". Review of Economics of the Household. 20 (2): 497–532. doi:10.1007/s11150-021-09572-9. PMC 8245926. PMID 34226822.
Hotz, V. Joseph; Xiao, Mo (1 August 2011). "The Impact of Regulations on the Supply and Quality of Care in Child Care Markets". American Economic Review. 101 (5): 1775–1805. doi:10.1257/aer.101.5.1775. ISSN 0002-8282. PMC 4076055. PMID 24991060.
Esping-Andersen, Gosta; Garfinkel, Irwin; Han, Wen-Jui; Magnuson, Katherine; Wagner, Sander; Waldfogel, Jane (1 March 2012). "Child Care and School Performance in Denmark and the United States". Children and Youth Services Review. 34 (3): 576–589. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.10.010. ISSN 0190-7409. PMC 3806146. PMID 24163491.
Ghosh, Saikat; Dey, Subhasish (2020). "Public or private? Determinants of parents' preschool choice in India". International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy. 14 3. doi:10.1186/s40723-020-00068-0. S2CID 212630288.
Wong, Rebecca; Levine, Ruth (1992). "The Effect of Household Structure on Women's Economic Activity and Fertility". Economic Development and Cultural Change. doi:10.1086/451997. S2CID 153768366.
Crawford, A (2006). "The Impact of Child Care Subsidies on Single Mothers' Work Effort". Review of Policy Research. 23 (3): 699–711. doi:10.1111/j.1541-1338.2006.00224.x.

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"Doorways To Care". doorwaystocare.ca. 22 January 2012. Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 2 December 2013.

dst.dk (Global: 4,168^th place; English: 5,590^th place)

"Flere børn bliver passet ude" [More children are being looked after] (PDF). Danmarks Statistik (in Danish). Retrieved 20 December 2015.

echildcare.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"About This Site | The Australian Childcare Index". Echildcare.com.au. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

"One of the poorest states in America introduces free child care". The Economist. 13 November 2025. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 24 November 2025.

ed.gov (Global: 318^th place; English: 138^th place)

"Fact Sheet: Troubling Pay Gap for Early Childhood Teachers". U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved 6 February 2018.

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Cremer, Helmuth; Gahvari, Firouz; Pestieau, Pierre (2011). "Fertility, human capital accumulation, and the pension system". Journal of Public Economics. 95 (11–12): 1272–1279. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.09.014. Retrieved 10 August 2026.

expatica.com (Global: low place; English: 8,888^th place)

"Childcare in France". Expat Guide to France | Expatica. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
"Maternity and paternity leave in Spain". Expatica Spain. Retrieved 4 November 2022.

familydaycare.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kate Ryan. 2006. Family Daycare Australia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://familydaycare.com.au/forms/feature%2041%20-%20Learning%20Stories.pdf Archived 23 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine. [Accessed 20 May 11].

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"Bright Horizons for Bright Horizons". Fool.com. 18 September 2003. Retrieved 2 December 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

foxnews.com (Global: 262^nd place; English: 171^st place)

Cerbasi, Jennifer. "The Pros and Cons of Daycare". FOX News Network. Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.

fraserinstitute.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Fraser Institute" (PDF). Fraserinstitute.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2006. Retrieved 2 December 2013.

gouv.qc.ca (Global: 689^th place; English: 1,056^th place)

mfa.gouv.qc.ca

Childcare establishment locator > MFA Archived 16 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine

govspace.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

ris.govspace.gov.au

"Regulation Impact Statement Child Care Assistance Package" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2018.

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"AuPair Nanny Differences Au Pair Jobs | Family Care: Nanny, Sitter, Assistant, Senior Home Care". greataupair.com. Retrieved 12 October 2015.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Farah, Martha J.; Sternberg, Saul; Nichols, Thomas A.; Duda, Jeffrey T.; Lohrenz, Terry; Luo, Yi; Sonnier, Libbie; Ramey, Sharon L.; Montague, Read; Ramey, Craig T. (1 May 2021). "Randomized Manipulation of Early Cognitive Experience Impacts Adult Brain Structure". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 33 (6): 1197–1209. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01709. hdl:10919/103551. PMID 34428792. S2CID 233638156. Available under CC BY 4.0.
Boysen-Hogrefe, Jens (2025). "Versicherungsfremde Leistungen in der Rentenversicherung vom Bundeszuschuss gedeckt". Wirtschaftsdienst (in German). 105 (10): 753–757. doi:10.2478/wd-2025-0190. hdl:10419/330872. ISSN 1613-978X. Retrieved 9 August 2026.

hhs.gov (Global: 6,008^th place; English: 3,458^th place)

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"1302.91 Staff qualifications and competency requirements". eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2022.

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"History and Purposes of the CCDBG and CCDF". childcareta.acf.hhs.gov. 16 May 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2021.

himama.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The HiMama 2017 Child Care Benchmark Report". 4 September 2018. Archived from the original on 5 August 2017.

humanservices.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Centrelink website". Centrelink.gov.au. 15 August 2018. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.

icds-wcd.nic.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme". Government of India. Retrieved 18 February 2019.

infoplease.com (Global: 3,121^st place; English: 3,035^th place)

Day care in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English daycare or day care in the American Heritage Dictionary child day care is the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child's legal guardians, typically performed by someone outside the child's immediate family. Day care is typically an ongoing service during specific periods, such as the parents' time at work. The service is known as day care or childcare Oxford Dictionaries in the United Kingdom, North America, and Australia and as crèche in Ireland and New Zealand. According to Oxford Living Dictionaries, child care in two words can in addition have the broader meaning of the care of a child by anyone, including the parents,Oxford Dictionaries but US dictionaries do not record that spelling or meaning. in Random House Dictionary, The American Heritage Dictionary, Merriam-Webster

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Branch, Enobong Hannah; Wooten, Melissa E. (2012). "Suited for Service: Racialized Rationalizations for the Ideal Domestic Servant from the Nineteenth to the Early Twentieth Century". Social Science History. 36 (2): 169–189. ISSN 0145-5532. JSTOR 23258091.

medicalxpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Scientists say active early learning shapes the adult brain". medicalxpress.com. Retrieved 14 June 2021.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

Day care in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English daycare or day care in the American Heritage Dictionary child day care is the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child's legal guardians, typically performed by someone outside the child's immediate family. Day care is typically an ongoing service during specific periods, such as the parents' time at work. The service is known as day care or childcare Oxford Dictionaries in the United Kingdom, North America, and Australia and as crèche in Ireland and New Zealand. According to Oxford Living Dictionaries, child care in two words can in addition have the broader meaning of the care of a child by anyone, including the parents,Oxford Dictionaries but US dictionaries do not record that spelling or meaning. in Random House Dictionary, The American Heritage Dictionary, Merriam-Webster

mhlw.go.jp (Global: 1,922^nd place; English: low place)

全国待機児童マップ（都道府県別） (Japanese). Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
「保育所等関連状況取りまとめ（平成31年4月1日）」を公表します (Japanese). Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

mychild.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Documents – MyChild.gov.au" (PDF). mychild.gov.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2014.

naeyc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

National Association for the Education of Young Children.

nafcc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"National Association for Family Child Care". nafcc.org.

nannycity.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How to safely hire a Nanny". nannycity.com. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014.

newrepublic.com (Global: 2,046^th place; English: 1,108^th place)

Cohn, Jonathan (15 April 2013). "The Hell of American Day Care". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved 4 November 2022.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Early Child Care Research Network, National Institute of Child Health (July 2003). "Does Amount of Time Spent in Child Care Predict Socioemotional Adjustment During the Transition to Kindergarten?". Child Development. 74 (4): 976–1005. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00582. PMID 12938694.
Farah, Martha J.; Sternberg, Saul; Nichols, Thomas A.; Duda, Jeffrey T.; Lohrenz, Terry; Luo, Yi; Sonnier, Libbie; Ramey, Sharon L.; Montague, Read; Ramey, Craig T. (1 May 2021). "Randomized Manipulation of Early Cognitive Experience Impacts Adult Brain Structure". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 33 (6): 1197–1209. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01709. hdl:10919/103551. PMID 34428792. S2CID 233638156. Available under CC BY 4.0.
Erel O, Oberman Y, Yirmiya N (2000). "Maternal versus nonmaternal care and seven domains of children's development". Psychol Bull. 126 (5): 727–47. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.727. PMID 10989621.
Nesti, MM; Goldbaum, M (July–August 2007). "Infectious diseases and daycare and preschool education". Jornal de Pediatria. 83 (4): 299–312. doi:10.2223/jped.1649. PMID 17632670.
Warren-Gash, C; Fragaszy, E; Hayward, AC (September 2013). "Hand hygiene to reduce community transmission of influenza and acute respiratory tract infection: a systematic review". Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 7 (5): 738–49. doi:10.1111/irv.12015. PMC 5781206. PMID 23043518.
Lee, MB; Greig, JD (October 2008). "A review of enteric outbreaks in child care centers: effective infection control recommendations". Journal of Environmental Health. 71 (3): 24–32, 46. PMID 18990930.
Rooshenas, L; Wood, F; Brookes-Howell, L; Evans, MR; Butler, CC (May 2014). "The influence of children's day care on antibiotic seeking: a mixed methods study". The British Journal of General Practice. 64 (622): e302–12. doi:10.3399/bjgp14x679741. PMC 4001146. PMID 24771845.
Bousselin, Audrey (2021). "Access to universal childcare and its effect on maternal employment". Review of Economics of the Household. 20 (2): 497–532. doi:10.1007/s11150-021-09572-9. PMC 8245926. PMID 34226822.
Hotz, V. Joseph; Xiao, Mo (1 August 2011). "The Impact of Regulations on the Supply and Quality of Care in Child Care Markets". American Economic Review. 101 (5): 1775–1805. doi:10.1257/aer.101.5.1775. ISSN 0002-8282. PMC 4076055. PMID 24991060.
Esping-Andersen, Gosta; Garfinkel, Irwin; Han, Wen-Jui; Magnuson, Katherine; Wagner, Sander; Waldfogel, Jane (1 March 2012). "Child Care and School Performance in Denmark and the United States". Children and Youth Services Review. 34 (3): 576–589. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.10.010. ISSN 0190-7409. PMC 3806146. PMID 24163491.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Warren-Gash, C; Fragaszy, E; Hayward, AC (September 2013). "Hand hygiene to reduce community transmission of influenza and acute respiratory tract infection: a systematic review". Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 7 (5): 738–49. doi:10.1111/irv.12015. PMC 5781206. PMID 23043518.
Rooshenas, L; Wood, F; Brookes-Howell, L; Evans, MR; Butler, CC (May 2014). "The influence of children's day care on antibiotic seeking: a mixed methods study". The British Journal of General Practice. 64 (622): e302–12. doi:10.3399/bjgp14x679741. PMC 4001146. PMID 24771845.
Bousselin, Audrey (2021). "Access to universal childcare and its effect on maternal employment". Review of Economics of the Household. 20 (2): 497–532. doi:10.1007/s11150-021-09572-9. PMC 8245926. PMID 34226822.
Hotz, V. Joseph; Xiao, Mo (1 August 2011). "The Impact of Regulations on the Supply and Quality of Care in Child Care Markets". American Economic Review. 101 (5): 1775–1805. doi:10.1257/aer.101.5.1775. ISSN 0002-8282. PMC 4076055. PMID 24991060.
Esping-Andersen, Gosta; Garfinkel, Irwin; Han, Wen-Jui; Magnuson, Katherine; Wagner, Sander; Waldfogel, Jane (1 March 2012). "Child Care and School Performance in Denmark and the United States". Children and Youth Services Review. 34 (3): 576–589. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.10.010. ISSN 0190-7409. PMC 3806146. PMID 24163491.

nih.gov

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"Early Child Care Linked to Increases in Vocabulary, Some Problem Behaviors in Fifth and Sixth Grades, March 26, 2007 – National Institutes of Health (NIH)". Nih.gov. 26 March 2007. Retrieved 2 December 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

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economix.blogs.nytimes.com

Folbre, Nancy (21 September 2009). "Valuing Unpaid Work Matters, Especially for the Poor". The New York Times. The Economy and the Economics of Everyday Life. Retrieved 1 February 2021.

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"Early Childhood Education and Care Policies to Support Equity and Inclusion: Main Findings and Policy Implications". OECD. 28 January 2025. Retrieved 5 October 2025.
"How does access to early childhood education services affect the participation of women in the labour market?". OECD. 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2025.

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"Statutory framework for the early years foundation stage" (PDF). Gov.uk. Department for Education. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.

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Boysen-Hogrefe, Jens (2025). "Versicherungsfremde Leistungen in der Rentenversicherung vom Bundeszuschuss gedeckt". Wirtschaftsdienst (in German). 105 (10): 753–757. doi:10.2478/wd-2025-0190. hdl:10419/330872. ISSN 1613-978X. Retrieved 9 August 2026.

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"Vejledning om dagtilbud m.v." [Guide to daycare, etc.]. Retsinformation.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 20 December 2015.

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"Everything You Need to Know About Childcare in Spain". Right Casa Estates. Retrieved 9 October 2022.

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Weisner, Thomas S.; Gallimore, Ronald G. (1977). "My Brother's Keeper: Child and Sibling Caretaking [and Comments and Reply]". Current Anthropology. 18 (2): 169–190. doi:10.1086/201883. S2CID 144720648.
McKeon, Michael (23 February 2013). "The Morality of Daycare". Philosophia. 41: 97–107. doi:10.1007/s11406-013-9419-4. S2CID 143352807.
Farah, Martha J.; Sternberg, Saul; Nichols, Thomas A.; Duda, Jeffrey T.; Lohrenz, Terry; Luo, Yi; Sonnier, Libbie; Ramey, Sharon L.; Montague, Read; Ramey, Craig T. (1 May 2021). "Randomized Manipulation of Early Cognitive Experience Impacts Adult Brain Structure". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 33 (6): 1197–1209. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01709. hdl:10919/103551. PMID 34428792. S2CID 233638156. Available under CC BY 4.0.
Ghosh, Saikat; Dey, Subhasish (2020). "Public or private? Determinants of parents' preschool choice in India". International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy. 14 3. doi:10.1186/s40723-020-00068-0. S2CID 212630288.
Wong, Rebecca; Levine, Ruth (1992). "The Effect of Household Structure on Women's Economic Activity and Fertility". Economic Development and Cultural Change. doi:10.1086/451997. S2CID 153768366.

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Day care in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English daycare or day care in the American Heritage Dictionary child day care is the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child's legal guardians, typically performed by someone outside the child's immediate family. Day care is typically an ongoing service during specific periods, such as the parents' time at work. The service is known as day care or childcare Oxford Dictionaries in the United Kingdom, North America, and Australia and as crèche in Ireland and New Zealand. According to Oxford Living Dictionaries, child care in two words can in addition have the broader meaning of the care of a child by anyone, including the parents,Oxford Dictionaries but US dictionaries do not record that spelling or meaning. in Random House Dictionary, The American Heritage Dictionary, Merriam-Webster
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De Tray, Dennis N. (1973). "Child Quality and the Demand for Children". Journal of Political Economy. 81 (2, Part 2): S70–S95. doi:10.1086/260154. ISSN 0022-3808. Retrieved 13 March 2026.
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Boysen-Hogrefe, Jens (2025). "Versicherungsfremde Leistungen in der Rentenversicherung vom Bundeszuschuss gedeckt". Wirtschaftsdienst (in German). 105 (10): 753–757. doi:10.2478/wd-2025-0190. hdl:10419/330872. ISSN 1613-978X. Retrieved 9 August 2026.
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youhomushouka.go.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

Learn about free early childhood education and care. Cabinet Office, Government of Japan

Child care (English Wikipedia)

19thnews.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

3ieimpact.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

accountabilityindia.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

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ahdictionary.com (Global: 4,364th place; English: 2,759th place)

banxico.org.mx (Global: low place; English: low place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 118th place; English: 85th place)

bls.gov (Global: 3,091st place; English: 2,103rd place)

bookroomreviews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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canada.ca (Global: 1,114th place; English: 605th place)

cao.go.jp (Global: 2,899th place; English: 9,501st place)

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census.gov (Global: 18th place; English: 18th place)

childcare.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

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childcareaware.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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childcaretoday.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

childforum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

commondreams.org (Global: 5,655th place; English: 3,462nd place)

creativecommons.org (Global: 580th place; English: 287th place)

daycare.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

daycarematch.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

doorwaystocare.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

dst.dk (Global: 4,168th place; English: 5,590th place)

echildcare.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

economist.com (Global: 331st place; English: 272nd place)

ed.gov (Global: 318th place; English: 138th place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365th place; English: 372nd place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

expatica.com (Global: low place; English: 8,888th place)

familydaycare.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

fool.com (Global: 6,246th place; English: 4,084th place)

foxnews.com (Global: 262nd place; English: 171st place)

fraserinstitute.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

gouv.qc.ca (Global: 689th place; English: 1,056th place)

mfa.gouv.qc.ca

govspace.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

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greataupair.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

hhs.gov (Global: 6,008th place; English: 3,458th place)

eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov

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himama.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

humanservices.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

icds-wcd.nic.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

infoplease.com (Global: 3,121st place; English: 3,035th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

medicalxpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425th place; English: 373rd place)

mhlw.go.jp (Global: 1,922nd place; English: low place)

mychild.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

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nannycity.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

newrepublic.com (Global: 2,046th place; English: 1,108th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nih.gov

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

economix.blogs.nytimes.com

oecd.org (Global: 1,345th place; English: 1,190th place)

opml.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

pacode.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

pc.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

policyalmanac.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

politico.com (Global: 243rd place; English: 130th place)

publishing.service.gov.uk (Global: 1,837th place; English: 948th place)

assets.publishing.service.gov.uk

reference-global.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

regjeringen.no (Global: 1,918th place; English: 2,694th place)

retsinformation.dk (Global: 7,679th place; English: low place)

ahdictionary.com (Global: 4,364^th place; English: 2,759^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

bls.gov (Global: 3,091^st place; English: 2,103^rd place)

canada.ca (Global: 1,114^th place; English: 605^th place)

cao.go.jp (Global: 2,899^th place; English: 9,501^st place)

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

commondreams.org (Global: 5,655^th place; English: 3,462^nd place)

creativecommons.org (Global: 580^th place; English: 287^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

dst.dk (Global: 4,168^th place; English: 5,590^th place)

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

ed.gov (Global: 318^th place; English: 138^th place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

expatica.com (Global: low place; English: 8,888^th place)

fool.com (Global: 6,246^th place; English: 4,084^th place)

foxnews.com (Global: 262^nd place; English: 171^st place)

gouv.qc.ca (Global: 689^th place; English: 1,056^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

hhs.gov (Global: 6,008^th place; English: 3,458^th place)

infoplease.com (Global: 3,121^st place; English: 3,035^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

mhlw.go.jp (Global: 1,922^nd place; English: low place)

newrepublic.com (Global: 2,046^th place; English: 1,108^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

oecd.org (Global: 1,345^th place; English: 1,190^th place)

politico.com (Global: 243^rd place; English: 130^th place)

publishing.service.gov.uk (Global: 1,837^th place; English: 948^th place)

regjeringen.no (Global: 1,918^th place; English: 2,694^th place)

retsinformation.dk (Global: 7,679^th place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

smh.com.au (Global: 154^th place; English: 94^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

state.nc.us (Global: low place; English: 6,033^rd place)

thestar.com (Global: 395^th place; English: 213^th place)

toronto.ca (Global: 3,995^th place; English: 2,200^th place)

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

umn.edu (Global: 1,293^rd place; English: 776^th place)

unc.edu (Global: 1,577^th place; English: 913^th place)

usherbrooke.ca (Global: 5,999^th place; English: low place)

uvm.edu (Global: 7,313^th place; English: 4,496^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

weforum.org (Global: 2,317^th place; English: 1,854^th place)

who.int (Global: 213^th place; English: 314^th place)

worldbank.org (Global: 280^th place; English: 430^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)