Clostridium perfringens (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Clostridium perfringens" in English language version.

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Stiles, Bradley G.; Barth, Gillian; Popoff, Michel R. P (2018). "Clostridium Perfringens Epsilon Toxin". Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare (2 ed.). Health Readiness Center of Excellence (US Army). ISBN 978-0-16-094159-7.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

"Multiple sclerosis 'linked to food bug'". BBC. 29 January 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2014.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Lexicon Orthopaedic Etymology. CRC Press. 1999. p. 128. ISBN 978-90-5702-597-6.

cbc.ca (Global: 115^th place; English: 82^nd place)

"Woman's death likely caused by bacteria from Christmas supper". CBC. 12 December 2014.

cdc.gov (Global: 218^th place; English: 212^th place)

"Foodborne Illnesses and Germs". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2018-02-16. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
CDC (2024-05-16). "About C. perfringens food poisoning". Clostridium perfringens Food Poisoning. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
"Symptoms of C. perfringens food poisoning". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 13 May 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
CDC (2024-05-13). "Treating C. perfringens food poisoning". Clostridium perfringens Food Poisoning. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
CDC (2024-05-13). "Diagnosing C. perfringens food poisoning". Clostridium perfringens Food Poisoning. Retrieved 2024-11-21.
CDC (2024-05-16). "About C. perfringens food poisoning". Clostridium perfringens Food Poisoning. Retrieved 2024-11-21.
"Fatal Foodborne Clostridium perfringens Illness at a State Psychiatric Hospital — Louisiana, 2010". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
CDC (2024-05-16). "Preventing C. perfringens Food Poisoning". Clostridium perfringens Food Poisoning. Retrieved 2024-11-21.
CDC (2023-03-24). "Prevent Illness From C. perfringens". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2023-10-01.

clevelandclinic.org (Global: 4,925^th place; English: 3,597^th place)

my.clevelandclinic.org

"Gas Gangrene". Cleveland Clinic. February 2024.

csiro.au (Global: 4,114^th place; English: 3,147^th place)

publish.csiro.au

Revitt-Mills, Sarah A; Rood, Julian I; Adams, Vicki (2015). "Clostridium perfringens extracellular toxins and enzymes: 20 and counting". Microbiology Australia. 36 (3): 114–117. doi:10.1071/MA15039 (inactive 2 October 2025). ISSN 1324-4272. Retrieved 2025-08-15.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2025 (link)

dispatch.com (Global: 1,969^th place; English: 1,098^th place)

"CDC releases test findings after hundreds sickened at Powell Chipotle - Columbus Dispatch". 16 August 2018. Archived from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.

documentcloud.org (Global: 4,633^rd place; English: 2,753^rd place)

(WTHR), Susan Batt. "Agave Azul Tippecanoe Co Food Poisoning Finding Summary". www.documentcloud.org. Retrieved 2017-07-18.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Kiu, R; Hall, L. J. (2018). "An update on the human and animal enteric pathogen Clostridium perfringens". Emerging Microbes & Infections. 7 (141): 141. doi:10.1038/s41426-018-0144-8. PMC 6079034. PMID 30082713.
Hendrix, Nancy; Mackeen, A.; Weiner, Stuart (2011-01-24). "Clostridium perfringens Sepsis and Fetal Demise after Genetic Amniocentesis". American Journal of Perinatology Reports. 1 (1): 025–028. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1271221. ISSN 2157-6998. PMC 3653538. PMID 23705080.
Hendrix, Nancy; Mackeen, A.; Weiner, Stuart (2011-01-24). "Clostridium perfringens Sepsis and Fetal Demise after Genetic Amniocentesis". American Journal of Perinatology Reports. 1 (1): 025–028. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1271221. ISSN 2157-6998. PMC 3653538. PMID 23705080.
Takehara, Masaya; Takagishi, Teruhisa; Seike, Soshi; Ohtani, Kaori; Kobayashi, Keiko; Miyamoto, Kazuaki; Shimizu, Tohru; Nagahama, Masahiro (2016-06-16). "Clostridium perfringens α-Toxin Impairs Innate Immunity via Inhibition of Neutrophil Differentiation". Scientific Reports. 6 (1) 28192. Bibcode:2016NatSR...628192T. doi:10.1038/srep28192. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4910053. PMID 27306065.
Grenda, Tomasz; Jarosz, Aleksandra; Sapała, Magdalena; Grenda, Anna; Patyra, Ewelina; Kwiatek, Krzysztof (2023-05-26). "Clostridium perfringens—Opportunistic Foodborne Pathogen, Its Diversity and Epidemiological Significance". Pathogens. 12 (6): 768. doi:10.3390/pathogens12060768. ISSN 2076-0817. PMC 10304509. PMID 37375458.
Gulliver, Emily L.; Adams, Vicki; Marcelino, Vanessa Rossetto; Gould, Jodee; Rutten, Emily L.; Powell, David R.; Young, Remy B.; D'Adamo, Gemma L.; Hemphill, Jamia; Solari, Sean M.; Revitt-Mills, Sarah A.; Munn, Samantha; Jirapanjawat, Thanavit; Greening, Chris; Boer, Jennifer C. (2023-04-20). "Extensive genome analysis identifies novel plasmid families in Clostridium perfringens". Microbial Genomics. 9 (4). doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000995. ISSN 2057-5858. PMC 10210947. PMID 37079454. S2CID 258238878.
Elnar, Arxel G.; Kim, Geun-Bae (2021-11-30). "Complete genome sequence of Clostridium perfringens B20, a bacteriocin-producing pathogen". Journal of Animal Science and Technology. 63 (6): 1468–1472. doi:10.5187/jast.2021.e113. ISSN 2672-0191. PMC 8672250. PMID 34957460.
Revitt-Mills, Sarah A; Rood, Julian I; Adams, Vicki (2015). "Clostridium perfringens extracellular toxins and enzymes: 20 and counting". Microbiology Australia. 36 (3): 114–117. doi:10.1071/MA15039 (inactive 2 October 2025). ISSN 1324-4272. Retrieved 2025-08-15.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2025 (link)
Wambui, Joseph; Cernela, Nicole; Stevens, Marc J. A.; Stephan, Roger (2021-09-13). "Whole Genome Sequence-Based Identification of Clostridium estertheticum Complex Strains Supports the Need for Taxonomic Reclassification Within the Species Clostridium estertheticum". Frontiers in Microbiology. 12 727022. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.727022. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 8473909. PMID 34589074.
Ohtani, Kaori; Shimizu, Tohru (2016-07-05). "Regulation of Toxin Production in Clostridium perfringens". Toxins. 8 (7): 207. doi:10.3390/toxins8070207. ISSN 2072-6651. PMC 4963840. PMID 27399773.
Kiu, Raymond; Caim, Shabhonam; Alexander, Sarah; Pachori, Purnima; Hall, Lindsay J. (2017). "Probing Genomic Aspects of the Multi-Host Pathogen Clostridium perfringens Reveals Significant Pangenome Diversity, and a Diverse Array of Virulence Factors". Frontiers in Microbiology. 8 2485. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02485. PMC 5733095. PMID 29312194.
Jaakkola, Kaisa; Virtanen, Kira; Lahti, Päivi; Keto-Timonen, Riikka; Lindström, Miia; Korkeala, Hannu (2021-09-08). "Comparative Genome Analysis and Spore Heat Resistance Assay Reveal a New Component to Population Structure and Genome Epidemiology Within Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin-Carrying Isolates". Frontiers in Microbiology. 12 717176. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.717176. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 8456093. PMID 34566921.
Miyamoto, Kazuaki; Li, Jihong; McClane, Bruce A. (2012). "Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens: Detection and Identification". Microbes and Environments. 27 (4): 343–349. doi:10.1264/jsme2.ME12002. ISSN 1342-6311. PMC 4103540. PMID 22504431. S2CID 7743606.
Adams, Vicki; Han, Xiaoyan; Lyras, Dena; Rood, Julian I. (September 2018). "Antibiotic resistance plasmids and mobile genetic elements of Clostridium perfringens". Plasmid. 99: 32–39. doi:10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.07.002. PMID 30055188. S2CID 51866356.
Kiu, Raymond; Caim, Shabhonam; Alexander, Sarah; Pachori, Purnima; Hall, Lindsay J. (2017-12-12). "Probing Genomic Aspects of the Multi-Host Pathogen Clostridium perfringens Reveals Significant Pangenome Diversity, and a Diverse Array of Virulence Factors". Frontiers in Microbiology. 8 2485. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02485. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 5733095. PMID 29312194.
Liu, Hualan; McCord, Kristin D.; Howarth, Jonathon; Popham, David L.; Jensen, Roderick V.; Melville, Stephen B. (July 2014). "Hypermotility in Clostridium perfringens Strain SM101 Is Due to Spontaneous Mutations in Genes Linked to Cell Division". Journal of Bacteriology. 196 (13): 2405–2412. doi:10.1128/JB.01614-14. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 4054169. PMID 24748614.
Valeriani, Renzo G.; Beard, LaMonta L.; Moller, Abraham; Ohtani, Kaori; Vidal, Jorge E. (2020-12-01). "Gas gangrene-associated gliding motility is regulated by the Clostridium perfringens CpAL/VirSR system". Anaerobe. 66 102287. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102287. ISSN 1075-9964. PMID 33130105.
Mendez, Marcelo; Huang, I-Hsiu; Ohtani, Kaori; Grau, Roberto; Shimizu, Tohru; Sarker, Mahfuzur R. (January 2008). "Carbon Catabolite Repression of Type IV Pilus-Dependent Gliding Motility in the Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens". Journal of Bacteriology. 190 (1): 48–60. doi:10.1128/JB.01407-07. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 2223757.
Rood, J I; Cole, S T (December 1991). "Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of Clostridium perfringens". Microbiological Reviews. 55 (4): 621–648. doi:10.1128/mr.55.4.621-648.1991. ISSN 0146-0749. PMC 372840. PMID 1779929.
Golden, Neal J.; Crouch, Edmund A.; Latimer, Heejeong; Kadry, Abdel-Razak; Kause, Janell (July 2009). "Risk Assessment for Clostridium perfringens in Ready-to-Eat and Partially Cooked Meat and Poultry Products". Journal of Food Protection. 72 (7): 1376–1384. doi:10.4315/0362-028x-72.7.1376. ISSN 0362-028X. PMID 19681258.
Rood, J I; Cole, S T (1991). "Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of Clostridium perfringens". Microbiological Reviews. 55 (4): 621–648. doi:10.1128/MMBR.55.4.621-648.1991. ISSN 0146-0749. PMC 372840. PMID 1779929.
Shimizu, Tohru; Ohtani, Kaori; Hirakawa, Hideki; Ohshima, Kenshiro; Yamashita, Atsushi; Shiba, Tadayoshi; Ogasawara, Naotake; Hattori, Masahira; Kuhara, Satoru; Hayashi, Hideo (2002-01-22). "Complete genome sequence of Clostridium perfringens , an anaerobic flesh-eater". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (2): 996–1001. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99..996S. doi:10.1073/pnas.022493799. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 117419. PMID 11792842.
Ba, Xuli; Jin, Youshun; Ning, Xuan; Gao, Yidan; Li, Wei; Li, Yunhui; Wang, Yihan; Zhou, Jizhang (2024-08-07). "Clostridium perfringens in the Intestine: Innocent Bystander or Serious Threat?". Microorganisms. 12 (8): 1610. doi:10.3390/microorganisms12081610. ISSN 2076-2607. PMC 11356505. PMID 39203452.
Low, Kristin E; Smith, Steven P; Abbott, D Wade; Boraston, Alisdair B (2020-05-30). "The glycoconjugate-degrading enzymes of Clostridium perfringens: Tailored catalysts for breaching the intestinal mucus barrier". Glycobiology. 31 (6): 681–690. doi:10.1093/glycob/cwaa050. ISSN 1460-2423. PMID 32472136.
Medley, Brendon J.; Low, Kristin E.; Irungu, Jackline D. W.; Kipchumba, Linus; Daneshgar, Parandis; Liu, Lin; Garber, Jolene M.; Klassen, Leeann; Inglis, G. Douglas; Boons, Geert-Jan; Zandberg, Wesley F.; Abbott, D. Wade; Boraston, Alisdair B. (2024-10-01). "A "terminal" case of glycan catabolism: Structural and enzymatic characterization of the sialidases of Clostridium perfringens". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 300 (10) 107750. Bibcode:2024JBiCh.300j7750M. doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107750. ISSN 0021-9258. PMC 11525138. PMID 39251137.
Stiles, Bradley G.; Barth, Gillian; Barth, Holger; Popoff, Michel R. (2013-11-12). "Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin: A Malevolent Molecule for Animals and Man?". Toxins. 5 (11): 2138–2160. doi:10.3390/toxins5112138. ISSN 2072-6651. PMC 3847718. PMID 24284826.
Johnston MD, Whiteside TE, Allen ME, Kurtz DM (February 2022). "Toxigenic Profile of Clostridium perfringens Strains Isolated from Natural Ingredient Laboratory Animal Diets". Comparative Medicine. 72 (1): 50–58. doi:10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000013. PMC 8915413. PMID 35148812.
Rood, Julian I.; Adams, Vicki; Lacey, Jake; Lyras, Dena; McClane, Bruce A.; Melville, Stephen B.; Moore, Robert J.; Popoff, Michel R.; Sarker, Mahfuzur R.; Songer, J. Glenn; Uzal, Francisco A.; Van Immerseel, Filip (2018-10-01). "Expansion of the Clostridium perfringens toxin-based typing scheme". Anaerobe. 53: 5–10. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.04.011. ISSN 1075-9964. PMC 6195859. PMID 29866424.
Li, Ming; Li, Ning (2021-06-16). "Clostridium perfringens bloodstream infection secondary to acute pancreatitis: A case report". World Journal of Clinical Cases. 9 (17): 4357–4364. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v9.i17.4357. ISSN 2307-8960. PMC 8173429. PMID 34141801.
Jun Sakurai, Masahiro Nagahama, Masataka Oda, Clostridium perfringens Alpha-Toxin: Characterization and Mode of Action, The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 136, Issue 5, November 2004, Pages 569–574, https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvh161
Garcia, J.P.; Beingesser, J.; Fisher, D.J.; Sayeed, S.; McClane, B.A.; Posthaus, H.; Uzal, F.A. (4 January 2012). "The effect of Clostridium perfringens type C strain CN3685 and its isogenic beta toxin null mutant in goats". Veterinary Microbiology. 157 (3–4): 412–419. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.01.005. PMC 3348370. PMID 22296994.
Alves, Guilherme Guerra; Machado de Ávila, Ricardo Andrez; Chávez-Olórtegui, Carlos Delfin; Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria (2014-12-01). "Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin: The third most potent bacterial toxin known". Anaerobe. 30: 102–107. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.08.016. ISSN 1075-9964. PMID 25234332.
Xin, Wenwen; Wang, Jinglin (2019-09-01). "Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin: Toxic effects and mechanisms of action". Biosafety and Health. 1 (2): 71–75. doi:10.1016/j.bsheal.2019.09.004. ISSN 2590-0536. S2CID 208690896.
Geng, Zhijun; Kang, Lin; Huang, Jing; Gao, Shan; Wang, Jing; Yuan, Yuan; Li, Yanwei; Wang, Jinglin; Xin, Wenwen (2021-07-30). "Epsilon toxin from Clostridium perfringens induces toxic effects on skin tissues and HaCaT and human epidermal keratinocytes". Toxicon. 198: 102–110. Bibcode:2021Txcn..198..102G. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.05.002. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 33965432. S2CID 234343237.
Sakurai, Jun; Nagahama, Masahiro; Oda, Masataka; Tsuge, Hideaki; Kobayashi, Keiko (2009-12-23). "Clostridium perfringens Iota-Toxin: Structure and Function". Toxins. 1 (2): 208–228. doi:10.3390/toxins1020208. ISSN 2072-6651. PMC 3202787. PMID 22069542.
Kiu, Raymond; Hall, Lindsay J. (2018-12-01). "An update on the human and animal enteric pathogen Clostridium perfringens". Emerging Microbes & Infections. 7 (1): 141. doi:10.1038/s41426-018-0144-8. ISSN 2222-1751. PMC 6079034. PMID 30082713.
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Orrell, KE; Melnyk, RA (18 August 2021). "Large Clostridial Toxins: Mechanisms and Roles in Disease". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 85 (3): e0006421. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00064-21. PMC 8483668. PMID 34076506.
Chen, J; McClane, BA (June 2015). "Characterization of Clostridium perfringens TpeL toxin gene carriage, production, cytotoxic contributions, and trypsin sensitivity". Infection and Immunity. 83 (6): 2369–81. doi:10.1128/IAI.03136-14. PMC 4432761. PMID 25824828.
Takehara, Masaya; Takagishi, Teruhisa; Seike, Soshi; Ohtani, Kaori; Kobayashi, Keiko; Miyamoto, Kazuaki; Shimizu, Tohru; Nagahama, Masahiro (2016-06-16). "Clostridium perfringens α-Toxin Impairs Innate Immunity via Inhibition of Neutrophil Differentiation". Scientific Reports. 6 (1) 28192. Bibcode:2016NatSR...628192T. doi:10.1038/srep28192. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4910053. PMID 27306065.
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Rumah, Kareem Rashid; Linden, Jennifer; Fischetti, Vincent A.; Vartanian, Timothy; Esteban, Francisco J. (16 October 2013). "Isolation of Clostridium perfringens Type B in an Individual at First Clinical Presentation of Multiple Sclerosis Provides Clues for Environmental Triggers of the Disease". PLOS ONE. 8 (10) e76359. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...876359R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076359. PMC 3797790. PMID 24146858.
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Rumah, Kareem Rashid; Linden, Jennifer; Fischetti, Vincent A.; Vartanian, Timothy (16 October 2013). "Isolation of Clostridium perfringens Type B in an Individual at First Clinical Presentation of Multiple Sclerosis Provides Clues for Environmental Triggers of the Disease". PLOS ONE. 8 (10) e76359. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...876359R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076359. PMC 3797790. PMID 24146858.
Reder, AT (1 May 2023). "Clostridium epsilon toxin is excessive in multiple sclerosis and provokes multifocal lesions in mouse models". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 133 (9) e169643. doi:10.1172/JCI169643. PMC 10145922. PMID 37115699.
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Taormina, Peter J.; Dorsa, Warren J. (2004-07-01). "Growth Potential of Clostridium perfringens during Cooling of Cooked Meats". Journal of Food Protection. 67 (7): 1537–1547. doi:10.4315/0362-028X-67.7.1537. ISSN 0362-028X. PMID 15270517.
Bilska, Agnieszka; Wochna, Krystian; Habiera, Małgorzata; Serwańska-Leja, Katarzyna (2024-08-18). "Health Hazard Associated with the Presence of Clostridium Bacteria in Food Products". Foods. 13 (16): 2578. doi:10.3390/foods13162578. ISSN 2304-8158. PMC 11353352. PMID 39200505.
Di Bella, Stefano; Antonello, Roberta Maria; Sanson, Gianfranco; Maraolo, Alberto Enrico; Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto; Sepulcri, Chiara; Ambretti, Simone; Aschbacher, Richard; Bartolini, Laura; Bernardo, Mariano; Bielli, Alessandra; Busetti, Marina; Carcione, Davide; Camarlinghi, Giulio; Carretto, Edoardo (June 2022). "Anaerobic bloodstream infections in Italy (ITANAEROBY): A 5-year retrospective nationwide survey". Anaerobe. 75 102583. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102583. hdl:11368/3020691. PMID 35568274.
Geremia, Nicholas; Sanson, Gianfranco; Principe, Luigi; Antonello, Roberta Maria; Zerbato, Verena; Luzzati, Roberto; Maraolo, Alberto Enrico; Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto; Sepulcri, Chiara; Ambretti, Simone; Aschbacher, Richard; Bartolini, Laura; Bernardo, Mariano; Bielli, Alessandra; Busetti, Marina (August 2024). "A subanalysis of Clostridium perfringens bloodstream infections from a 5-year retrospective nationwide survey (ITANAEROBY)". Anaerobe. 90 102901. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102901. PMID 39214165.
Ba, Xuli; Jin, Youshun; Ning, Xuan; Gao, Yidan; Li, Wei; Li, Yunhui; Wang, Yihan; Zhou, Jizhang (August 2024). "Clostridium perfringens in the Intestine: Innocent Bystander or Serious Threat?". Microorganisms. 12 (8): 1610. doi:10.3390/microorganisms12081610. ISSN 2076-2607. PMC 11356505. PMID 39203452.
Camargo, Anny; Guerrero-Araya, Enzo; Castañeda, Sergio; Vega, Laura; Cardenas-Alvarez, María X.; Rodríguez, César; Paredes-Sabja, Daniel; Ramírez, Juan David; Muñoz, Marina (2022-07-22). "Intra-species diversity of Clostridium perfringens: A diverse genetic repertoire reveals its pathogenic potential". Frontiers in Microbiology. 13 952081. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.952081. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 9354469. PMID 35935202.

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

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