Computer music (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Computer music" in English language version.

Last modified: 17:12:56, 29 September 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

1816doi.org

2^nd place

1212web.archive.org

1^st place

75semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

64jstor.org

23^rd place

15^th place

31scribd.com

467^th place

428^th place

22theguardian.com

16^th place

11^th place

22uillinois.edu

low place

9,635^th place

22nih.gov

5^th place

21bbc.co.uk

11^th place

10^th place

11ugent.be

3,681^st place

3,778^th place

11academia.edu

105^th place

99^th place

11unimelb.edu.au

3,366^th place

2,021^st place

11bl.uk

1,181^st place

639^th place

11archive.org

6^th place

11gizmag.com

9,723^rd place

6,378^th place

11adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

11worldcat.org

4^th place

11tu-berlin.de

8,273^rd place

low place

11telegraph.co.uk

40^th place

27^th place

11arstechnica.com

473^rd place

338^th place

11jatit.org

low place

11books.google.com

3^rd place

11francoispachet.fr

low place

11ircam.fr

low place

11blog.google

4,904^th place

4,208^th place

11tech.eu

low place

11sky.com

566^th place

355^th place

11princeton.edu

802^nd place

528^th place

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

Doornbusch, Paul (9 July 2017). "MuSA 2017 – Early Computer Music Experiments in Australia, England and the USA". MuSA Conference. Retrieved 18 October 2017.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Mathews, Max (1 November 1963). "The Digital Computer as a Musical Instrument". Science. 142 (3592): 553–557. Bibcode:1963Sci...142..553M. doi:10.1126/science.142.3592.553. PMID 17738556. The generation of sound signals requires very high sampling rates.... A high speed machine such as the I.B.M. 7090 ... can compute only about 5000 numbers per second ... when generating a reasonably complex sound.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Bogdanov, Vladimir (2001). All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music. Backbeat Books. p. 320. ISBN 978-0-87930-628-1. Retrieved 4 December 2013.

arstechnica.com (Global: 473^rd place; English: 338^th place)

Cheng, Jacqui (30 September 2009). "Virtual Composer Makes Beautiful Music and Stirs Controversy". Ars Technica.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

Fildes, Jonathan (17 June 2008). "Oldest computer music unveiled". BBC News Online. Retrieved 18 June 2008.

bl.uk (Global: 1,181^st place; English: 639^th place)

blogs.bl.uk

"Restoring the first recording of computer music – Sound and vision blog". British Library. 13 September 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2017.

blog.google (Global: 4,904^th place; English: 4,208^th place)

"Turn ideas into music with MusicLM". Google. 10 May 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Jan Pavelka; Gerard Tel; Miroslav Bartosek, eds. (1999). Factor oracle: a new structure for pattern matching; Proceedings of SOFSEM'99; Theory and Practice of Informatics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 291–306. ISBN 978-3-540-66694-3. Retrieved 4 December 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1725

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

doi.org

Doornbusch, Paul (2017). "Early Computer Music Experiments in Australia and England". Organised Sound. 22 (2). Cambridge University Press: 297–307 [11]. doi:10.1017/S1355771817000206.
Doornbusch, Paul (March 2004). "Computer Sound Synthesis in 1951: The Music of CSIRAC". Computer Music Journal. 28 (1): 11–12. doi:10.1162/014892604322970616. S2CID 10593824.
Mathews, Max (1 November 1963). "The Digital Computer as a Musical Instrument". Science. 142 (3592): 553–557. Bibcode:1963Sci...142..553M. doi:10.1126/science.142.3592.553. PMID 17738556. The generation of sound signals requires very high sampling rates.... A high speed machine such as the I.B.M. 7090 ... can compute only about 5000 numbers per second ... when generating a reasonably complex sound.
Bonomini, Mario; Zammit, Victor; Pusey, Charles D.; De Vecchi, Amedeo; Arduini, Arduino (March 2011). "Pharmacological use of l-carnitine in uremic anemia: Has its full potential been exploited?☆". Pharmacological Research. 63 (3): 157–164. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2010.11.006. ISSN 1043-6618. PMID 21138768.
Parolini, Giuditta (2016). "Pietro Grossi's Experience in Electronic and Computer Music by Giuditta Parolini". University of Leeds. doi:10.5518/160/27. Archived from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Giomi, Francesco (1995). "The Work of Italian Artist Pietro Grossi: From Early Electronic Music to Computer Art". Leonardo. 28 (1): 35–39. doi:10.2307/1576152. JSTOR 1576152. S2CID 191383265.
Shimazu, Takehito (1994). "The History of Electronic and Computer Music in Japan: Significant Composers and Their Works". Leonardo Music Journal. 4. MIT Press: 102–106 [104]. doi:10.2307/1513190. JSTOR 1513190. S2CID 193084745. Retrieved 9 July 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}
Doornbusch, Paul. "3: Early Hardware and Early Ideas in Computer Music: Their Development and Their Current Forms". In Dean (2009), pp. 44–80. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199792030.013.0003
Berg, Paul (1996). "Abstracting the future: The Search for Musical Constructs". Computer Music Journal. 20 (3). MIT Press: 24–27 [11]. doi:10.2307/3680818. JSTOR 3680818.
Shlomo Dubnov, Gérard Assayag, Olivier Lartillot, Gill Bejerano, "Using Machine-Learning Methods for Musical Style Modeling", Computers, 36 (10), pp. 73–80, October 2003. doi:10.1109/MC.2003.1236474
Dubnov, S. (1999). "Stylistic randomness: About composing NTrope Suite." Organised Sound, 4(2), 87–92. doi:10.1017/S1355771899002046
"Using factor oracles for machine improvisation", G. Assayag, S. Dubnov, (September 2004) Soft Computing 8 (9), 604–610 doi:10.1007/s00500-004-0385-4
S Dubnov, G Assayag, A Cont, "Audio oracle analysis of musical information rate", IEEE Fifth International Conference on Semantic Computing, 567–557, 2011 doi:10.1109/ICSC.2011.106
Collins, N.; McLean, A.; Rohrhuber, J.; Ward, A. (2004). "Live coding in laptop performance". Organised Sound. 8 (3): 321–330. doi:10.1017/S135577180300030X. S2CID 56413136.
Collins, Nick (2003). "Generative Music and Laptop Performance". Contemporary Music Review. 22 (4): 67–79. doi:10.1080/0749446032000156919. S2CID 62735944.

dx.doi.org

Bonomini, Mario; Zammit, Victor; Pusey, Charles D.; De Vecchi, Amedeo; Arduini, Arduino (March 2011). "Pharmacological use of l-carnitine in uremic anemia: Has its full potential been exploited?☆". Pharmacological Research. 63 (3): 157–164. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2010.11.006. ISSN 1043-6618. PMID 21138768.

francoispachet.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Continuator". Archived from the original on 1 November 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.

gizmag.com (Global: 9,723^rd place; English: 6,378^th place)

Cattermole, Tannith (9 May 2011). "Farseeing inventor pioneered computer music". Gizmag. Retrieved 28 October 2011. In 1957 the MUSIC program allowed an IBM 704 mainframe computer to play a 17-second composition by Mathews. Back then computers were ponderous, so synthesis would take an hour.

ircam.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

omax.ircam.fr

"The OMax Project Page". omax.ircam.fr. Retrieved 2 February 2018.

jatit.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mauricio Toro, Carlos Agon, Camilo Rueda, Gerard Assayag. "GELISP: A Framework to Represent Musical Constraint Satisfaction Problems and Search Strategies", Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 86, no. 2 (2016): 327–331.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Gaburo, Kenneth (Spring 1985). "The Deterioration of an Ideal, Ideally Deteriorized: Reflections on Pietro Grossi's 'Paganini AI Computer'". Computer Music Journal. 9 (1): 39–44. JSTOR 4617921.
Giomi, Francesco (1995). "The Work of Italian Artist Pietro Grossi: From Early Electronic Music to Computer Art". Leonardo. 28 (1): 35–39. doi:10.2307/1576152. JSTOR 1576152. S2CID 191383265.
Shimazu, Takehito (1994). "The History of Electronic and Computer Music in Japan: Significant Composers and Their Works". Leonardo Music Journal. 4. MIT Press: 102–106 [104]. doi:10.2307/1513190. JSTOR 1513190. S2CID 193084745. Retrieved 9 July 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}
Berg, Paul (1996). "Abstracting the future: The Search for Musical Constructs". Computer Music Journal. 20 (3). MIT Press: 24–27 [11]. doi:10.2307/3680818. JSTOR 3680818.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Mathews, Max (1 November 1963). "The Digital Computer as a Musical Instrument". Science. 142 (3592): 553–557. Bibcode:1963Sci...142..553M. doi:10.1126/science.142.3592.553. PMID 17738556. The generation of sound signals requires very high sampling rates.... A high speed machine such as the I.B.M. 7090 ... can compute only about 5000 numbers per second ... when generating a reasonably complex sound.
Bonomini, Mario; Zammit, Victor; Pusey, Charles D.; De Vecchi, Amedeo; Arduini, Arduino (March 2011). "Pharmacological use of l-carnitine in uremic anemia: Has its full potential been exploited?☆". Pharmacological Research. 63 (3): 157–164. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2010.11.006. ISSN 1043-6618. PMID 21138768.

princeton.edu (Global: 802^nd place; English: 528^th place)

soundlab.cs.princeton.edu

Wang G. & Cook P. (2004) "On-the-fly Programming: Using Code as an Expressive Musical Instrument", In Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME) (New York: NIME, 2004).

scribd.com (Global: 467^th place; English: 428^th place)

Shimazu, Takehito (1994). "The History of Electronic and Computer Music in Japan: Significant Composers and Their Works". Leonardo Music Journal. 4. MIT Press: 102–106 [104]. doi:10.2307/1513190. JSTOR 1513190. S2CID 193084745. Retrieved 9 July 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Doornbusch, Paul (March 2004). "Computer Sound Synthesis in 1951: The Music of CSIRAC". Computer Music Journal. 28 (1): 11–12. doi:10.1162/014892604322970616. S2CID 10593824.
Giomi, Francesco (1995). "The Work of Italian Artist Pietro Grossi: From Early Electronic Music to Computer Art". Leonardo. 28 (1): 35–39. doi:10.2307/1576152. JSTOR 1576152. S2CID 191383265.
Shimazu, Takehito (1994). "The History of Electronic and Computer Music in Japan: Significant Composers and Their Works". Leonardo Music Journal. 4. MIT Press: 102–106 [104]. doi:10.2307/1513190. JSTOR 1513190. S2CID 193084745. Retrieved 9 July 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}
Collins, N.; McLean, A.; Rohrhuber, J.; Ward, A. (2004). "Live coding in laptop performance". Organised Sound. 8 (3): 321–330. doi:10.1017/S135577180300030X. S2CID 56413136.
Collins, Nick (2003). "Generative Music and Laptop Performance". Contemporary Music Review. 22 (4): 67–79. doi:10.1080/0749446032000156919. S2CID 62735944.

sky.com (Global: 566^th place; English: 355^th place)

news.sky.com

"'Regulate it before we're all finished': Musicians react to AI songs flooding the internet". Sky News. Retrieved 22 September 2023.

tech.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pick a voice, any voice: Voicemod unleashes "AI Humans" collection of real-time AI voice changers". Tech.eu. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

Leach, Ben (22 October 2009). "Emily Howell: the computer program that composes classical music". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 6 October 2017.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

"First recording of computer-generated music – created by Alan Turing – restored". The Guardian. 26 September 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Ball, Philip (1 July 2012). "Iamus, classical music's computer composer, live from Malaga". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

tu-berlin.de (Global: 8,273^rd place; English: low place)

depositonce.tu-berlin.de

"Music without Musicians but with Scientists Technicians and Computer Companies". 2019.

ugent.be (Global: 3,681^st place; English: 3,778^th place)

computing-conference.ugent.be

"Algorhythmic Listening 1949–1962 Auditory Practices of Early Mainframe Computing". AISB/IACAP World Congress 2012. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.

uillinois.edu (Global: low place; English: 9,635^th place)

press.uillinois.edu

Tenney, James. (1964) 2015. “Computer Music Experiences, 1961–1964.” In From Scratch: Writings in Music Theory. Edited by Larry Polansky, Lauren Pratt, Robert Wannamaker, and Michael Winter. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 97–127.
Wannamaker, Robert, The Music of James Tenney, Volume 1: Contexts and Paradigms (University of Illinois Press, 2021), 48–82.

unimelb.edu.au (Global: 3,366^th place; English: 2,021^st place)

csse.unimelb.edu.au

Doornbusch, Paul (29 June 2009). "The Music of CSIRAC". Melbourne School of Engineering, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2017.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Algorhythmic Listening 1949–1962 Auditory Practices of Early Mainframe Computing". AISB/IACAP World Congress 2012. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Doornbusch, Paul (29 June 2009). "The Music of CSIRAC". Melbourne School of Engineering, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
"Media (Digital 60)". curation.cs.manchester.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Parolini, Giuditta (2016). "Pietro Grossi's Experience in Electronic and Computer Music by Giuditta Parolini". University of Leeds. doi:10.5518/160/27. Archived from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Tangian, Andranik (2003). "Constructing rhythmic canons" (PDF). Perspectives of New Music. 41 (2): 64–92. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Tangian, Andranik (2010). "Constructing rhythmic fugues (unpublished addendum to Constructing rhythmic canons)". IRCAM, Seminaire MaMuX, 9 February 2002, Mosaïques et pavages dans la musique (PDF). Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Tangian, Andranik (2002–2003). "Eine kleine Mathmusik I and II". IRCAM, Seminaire MaMuX, 9 February 2002, Mosaïques et pavages dans la musique. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Ball, Philip (1 July 2012). "Iamus, classical music's computer composer, live from Malaga". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
"Computer composer honours Turing's centenary". New Scientist. 5 July 2012. Archived from the original on 23 April 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2026.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
"Continuator". Archived from the original on 1 November 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Pachet, F., The Continuator: Musical Interaction with Style. In ICMA, editor, Proceedings of ICMC, pages 211–218, Göteborg, Sweden, September 2002. ICMA.
Pachet, F. Playing with Virtual Musicians: the Continuator in practice. IEEE MultiMedia,9(3):77–82 2002.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Bonomini, Mario; Zammit, Victor; Pusey, Charles D.; De Vecchi, Amedeo; Arduini, Arduino (March 2011). "Pharmacological use of l-carnitine in uremic anemia: Has its full potential been exploited?☆". Pharmacological Research. 63 (3): 157–164. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2010.11.006. ISSN 1043-6618. PMID 21138768.

Computer music (English Wikipedia)

academia.edu (Global: 105th place; English: 99th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

arstechnica.com (Global: 473rd place; English: 338th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

bl.uk (Global: 1,181st place; English: 639th place)

blogs.bl.uk

blog.google (Global: 4,904th place; English: 4,208th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

doi.org

dx.doi.org

francoispachet.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

gizmag.com (Global: 9,723rd place; English: 6,378th place)

ircam.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

omax.ircam.fr

jatit.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

princeton.edu (Global: 802nd place; English: 528th place)

soundlab.cs.princeton.edu

scribd.com (Global: 467th place; English: 428th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sky.com (Global: 566th place; English: 355th place)

news.sky.com

tech.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40th place; English: 27th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; English: 11th place)

tu-berlin.de (Global: 8,273rd place; English: low place)

depositonce.tu-berlin.de

ugent.be (Global: 3,681st place; English: 3,778th place)

computing-conference.ugent.be

uillinois.edu (Global: low place; English: 9,635th place)

press.uillinois.edu

unimelb.edu.au (Global: 3,366th place; English: 2,021st place)

csse.unimelb.edu.au

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

arstechnica.com (Global: 473^rd place; English: 338^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bl.uk (Global: 1,181^st place; English: 639^th place)

blog.google (Global: 4,904^th place; English: 4,208^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

gizmag.com (Global: 9,723^rd place; English: 6,378^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

princeton.edu (Global: 802^nd place; English: 528^th place)

scribd.com (Global: 467^th place; English: 428^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

sky.com (Global: 566^th place; English: 355^th place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

tu-berlin.de (Global: 8,273^rd place; English: low place)

ugent.be (Global: 3,681^st place; English: 3,778^th place)

uillinois.edu (Global: low place; English: 9,635^th place)

unimelb.edu.au (Global: 3,366^th place; English: 2,021^st place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)