Daniel Defoe (English Wikipedia)

UK Consumer Price Index inflation figures from 1209–2024 based on data from "Inflation calculator". Bank of England. London. 18 February 2026. Retrieved 1 April 2026.

baroque.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

Torselli, Stefano. "Daniel Defoe". www.baroque.it. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2021.

bartleby.com (Global: 1,965^th place; English: 1,869^th place)

Defoe, Daniel (1702). "The shortest way with the Dissenters". Retrieved 18 September 2010.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Hibbert, Christopher; Weinreb, Ben; Keay, John; Keay, Julia (2010). The London Encyclopaedia. London: Pan Macmillan. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-230-73878-2.
Stephanson, Raymond (2013). Raymond Stephanson, Darren N. Wagner (ed.). The Secrets of Generation: Reproduction in the Long Eighteenth Century. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 105. doi:10.3138/9781442646964. ISBN 978-1-4426-6693-1 – via Google Books.
Bastian, F. (1981). Defoe's Early Years. London: Macmillan Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-333-27432-3. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
Schaff, Barbara (2020). Handbook of British Travel Writing. Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-049705-2.
Wright, Thomas (1894). The Life of Daniel Defoe Volume 1. Cassell. p. 2.
Stevelinck, Ernest; De Roover, Raymond (1970). De comptabiliteit door de eeuwen heen tentoonstelling in de Koninklijke Bibliotheek Albert I. Brussels: Royal Library of Belgium. p. 150.
van Ginneken, Jaap (2007). Screening Difference How Hollywood's Blockbuster Films Imagine Race, Ethnicity, and Culture. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-4616-4329-6.
Adams, Gavin John (2012). Letters to John Law. Newton Page. pp. liii–lv. ISBN 978-1-934619-08-7. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014.
Swenson, Rivka (2015). Essential Scots and the Idea of Unionism in Anglo-Scottish Literature, 1603–1832 (ebook ed.). Bucknell University Press. p. 58. OCLC 936344614 – via Google Books.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Daniel Defoe". Britannica.com. 5 August 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
Mutter, Reginald P.C. "Daniel Defoe – English author". Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Vareschi, Mark (2023), "Anonymous Defoe", in Rivero, Albert J.; Justice, George (eds.), Daniel Defoe in Context, Literature in Context, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 145–152, ISBN 978-1-108-83671-5, retrieved 22 November 2023

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Duguid, Paul (2 October 2006). "Limits of self-organization: Peer production and "laws of quality"". First Monday. 11 (10). doi:10.5210/fm.v11i10.1405. ISSN 1396-0466. Most reliable sources hold that the date of Defoe's birth was uncertain and may have fallen in 1659 or 1661. The day of his death is also uncertain.
Backscheider, Paula R. (January 2008) [2004]. "Daniel Defoe (1660?–1731)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7421. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
Stephanson, Raymond (2013). Raymond Stephanson, Darren N. Wagner (ed.). The Secrets of Generation: Reproduction in the Long Eighteenth Century. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 105. doi:10.3138/9781442646964. ISBN 978-1-4426-6693-1 – via Google Books.
Richetti, John (2005). The Life of Daniel Defoe. doi:10.1002/9780470754665. ISBN 978-0-631-19529-0.^{[page needed]}
Novak, Maximillian (2001). Daniel Defoe: master of fictions: his life and ideas. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261543.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-926154-3. OCLC 51963527.
Morgan, William Thomas (1940). "Defoe's Review as a Historical Source". The Journal of Modern History. 12 (2): 221–232. doi:10.1086/236459. ISSN 0022-2801. JSTOR 1874898.
Haque, Amber (2004). "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists". Journal of Religion and Health. 43 (4): 357–377 [369]. doi:10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z. JSTOR 27512819. S2CID 38740431.
Zimmerman, Everett (1972). "H. F.'s Meditations: A Journal of the Plague Year". PMLA. 87 (3): 417–423. doi:10.2307/460900. JSTOR 460900. S2CID 164093586.
Mayer, Robert (1990). "The Reception of a Journal of the Plague Year and the Nexus of Fiction and History in the Novel". ELH. 57 (3): 529–555. doi:10.2307/2873233. JSTOR 2873233.
Seager, Nicholas (2008). "Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics: Epistemology and Fiction in Defoe's "A Journal of the Plague Year"". Modern Language Review. 103 (3): 639–653. doi:10.1353/mlr.2008.0112. JSTOR 20467902. S2CID 246643865. Gale A181463661 Project MUSE 824837.
Kibbie, Ann Louise (1995). "Monstrous Generation: The Birth of Capital in Defoe's Moll Flanders and Roxana". PMLA. 110 (5): 1023–1034. doi:10.2307/463027. JSTOR 463027. S2CID 163996973.
Linker, Laura (2016). Dangerous Women, Libertine Epicures, and the Rise of Sensibility, 1670–1730 (ebook ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 118. doi:10.4324/9781315575834.
Vareschi, Mark (1 April 2012). "Attribution and Repetition: The Case of Defoe and the Circulating Library". Eighteenth-Century Life. 36 (2): 36–59. doi:10.1215/00982601-1548027. S2CID 145603239.
Pauley, Benjamin F. (2023). "Attribution and the Defoe Canon". The Oxford Handbook of Danirel Defoe. pp. 629–644. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198827177.013.37.
Novak, Maximillian E. (1996). "The Defoe Canon: Attribution and De-Attribution". Huntington Library Quarterly. 59 (1): 83–104. doi:10.2307/3817908. JSTOR 3817908.
Rogers, Pat (1971). "Defoe in the Fleet Prison". The Review of English Studies. 22 (88): 451–455. doi:10.1093/res/XXII.88.451. JSTOR 513276.

english-heritage.org.uk (Global: 3,412^th place; English: 2,058^th place)

London County Council (6 October 2020). "Daniel Defoe – Blue Plaques". English Heritage. Retrieved 13 October 2020.

gale.com (Global: 914^th place; English: 441^st place)

go.gale.com

Seager, Nicholas (2008). "Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics: Epistemology and Fiction in Defoe's "A Journal of the Plague Year"". Modern Language Review. 103 (3): 639–653. doi:10.1353/mlr.2008.0112. JSTOR 20467902. S2CID 246643865. Gale A181463661 Project MUSE 824837.

gradesaver.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Biography of Daniel Defoe (1659?–1731). Retrieved 1 August 2013.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Defoe, Daniel (1726). The complete English tradesman, in familiar letters . Dublin: Printed for George Ewing. p. 375. hdl:2027/nnc1.0112322717. OCLC 36869195.

historyextra.com (Global: 8,001^st place; English: 5,482^nd place)

"Moll: The Life and Times of Moll Flanders". History Extra. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2018.

islingtonguidedwalks.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Daniel Defoe". 13 November 2022.

jhu.edu (Global: 560^th place; English: 313^th place)

muse.jhu.edu

Seager, Nicholas (2008). "Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics: Epistemology and Fiction in Defoe's "A Journal of the Plague Year"". Modern Language Review. 103 (3): 639–653. doi:10.1353/mlr.2008.0112. JSTOR 20467902. S2CID 246643865. Gale A181463661 Project MUSE 824837.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Bastian, F. (1965). "Defoe's Journal of the Plague Year Reconsidered". The Review of English Studies. 16 (62): 151–173. JSTOR 513101.
Morgan, William Thomas (1940). "Defoe's Review as a Historical Source". The Journal of Modern History. 12 (2): 221–232. doi:10.1086/236459. ISSN 0022-2801. JSTOR 1874898.
Haque, Amber (2004). "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists". Journal of Religion and Health. 43 (4): 357–377 [369]. doi:10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z. JSTOR 27512819. S2CID 38740431.
Zimmerman, Everett (1972). "H. F.'s Meditations: A Journal of the Plague Year". PMLA. 87 (3): 417–423. doi:10.2307/460900. JSTOR 460900. S2CID 164093586.
Mayer, Robert (1990). "The Reception of a Journal of the Plague Year and the Nexus of Fiction and History in the Novel". ELH. 57 (3): 529–555. doi:10.2307/2873233. JSTOR 2873233.
Seager, Nicholas (2008). "Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics: Epistemology and Fiction in Defoe's "A Journal of the Plague Year"". Modern Language Review. 103 (3): 639–653. doi:10.1353/mlr.2008.0112. JSTOR 20467902. S2CID 246643865. Gale A181463661 Project MUSE 824837.
Kibbie, Ann Louise (1995). "Monstrous Generation: The Birth of Capital in Defoe's Moll Flanders and Roxana". PMLA. 110 (5): 1023–1034. doi:10.2307/463027. JSTOR 463027. S2CID 163996973.
Novak, Maximillian E. (1996). "The Defoe Canon: Attribution and De-Attribution". Huntington Library Quarterly. 59 (1): 83–104. doi:10.2307/3817908. JSTOR 3817908.
Rogers, Pat (1971). "Defoe in the Fleet Prison". The Review of English Studies. 22 (88): 451–455. doi:10.1093/res/XXII.88.451. JSTOR 513276.
Baine, Rodney M. (1972). "Daniel Defoe and Captain Caneton's Memoirs of an English Officer". Texas Studies in Literature and Language. 13 (4): 613–627. JSTOR 40755201.

ncl.ac.uk (Global: 5,403^rd place; English: 3,489^th place)

theses.ncl.ac.uk

Downie, J. A. "Robert Harley and the Press" (PDF). University of Newcastle eTheses. University of Newcastle. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.

oxforddnb.com (Global: 179^th place; English: 104^th place)

Backscheider, Paula R. (January 2008) [2004]. "Daniel Defoe (1660?–1731)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7421. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

Kropf, Carl Raymond (1968). Defoe as a Puritan Novelist (Thesis). ProQuest 302359591.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Haque, Amber (2004). "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists". Journal of Religion and Health. 43 (4): 357–377 [369]. doi:10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z. JSTOR 27512819. S2CID 38740431.
Zimmerman, Everett (1972). "H. F.'s Meditations: A Journal of the Plague Year". PMLA. 87 (3): 417–423. doi:10.2307/460900. JSTOR 460900. S2CID 164093586.
Seager, Nicholas (2008). "Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics: Epistemology and Fiction in Defoe's "A Journal of the Plague Year"". Modern Language Review. 103 (3): 639–653. doi:10.1353/mlr.2008.0112. JSTOR 20467902. S2CID 246643865. Gale A181463661 Project MUSE 824837.
Kibbie, Ann Louise (1995). "Monstrous Generation: The Birth of Capital in Defoe's Moll Flanders and Roxana". PMLA. 110 (5): 1023–1034. doi:10.2307/463027. JSTOR 463027. S2CID 163996973.
Vareschi, Mark (1 April 2012). "Attribution and Repetition: The Case of Defoe and the Circulating Library". Eighteenth-Century Life. 36 (2): 36–59. doi:10.1215/00982601-1548027. S2CID 145603239.

sf-encyclopedia.com (Global: 2,745^th place; English: 1,778^th place)

"Defoe, Daniel". The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Online edition (3rd ed., 2011). Biographical entry by editors John Clute and Peter Nicholls. Retrieved 12 September 2019.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

Selcraig, Bruce (15 July 2005). "The Real Robinson Crusoe". smithsonianmag.com. Retrieved 8 March 2026.

soane.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

collections.soane.org

"The life and adventures of Mrs. Christian Davies, commonly call'd Mother Ross". Catalog entry: in several campaigns under King William and the late Duke of Marlborough, in the quality of a foot-soldier and dragoon, gave many signal proofs of an unparallell'd courage and personal bravery. Taken from her own mouth when a pensioner of Chelsea-Hospital, and known to be true by many who were engaged in those great scenes of action. Sir John Soane's Museum Collection Online. Retrieved 16 March 2019.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Martin Wainwright (22 March 2003) Desert island scripts, The Guardian.
Kennedy, Maev (22 February 2011). "Burial ground of Bunyan, Defoe and Blake earns protected status". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 January 2015.

truescans.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Defoe, Daniel (1709). The History of the Union of Great Britain. Edinburgh: Heirs of Anderson – via TrueScans. Archived 2025-07-13 at the Wayback Machine.
First Defoe book author reference – cited as DANIEL DEFOE at TrueScans. Archived 2023-04-30 at the Wayback Machine.
Second Defoe book author reference – cited as D. DE FOE at TrueScans. Archived 2025-07-13 at the Wayback Machine.
Book reference to 6th December of 1604 at TrueScans. Archived 2025-08-10 at the Wayback Machine.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Torselli, Stefano. "Daniel Defoe". www.baroque.it. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
Mutter, Reginald P.C. "Daniel Defoe – English author". Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
Adams, Gavin John (2012). Letters to John Law. Newton Page. pp. liii–lv. ISBN 978-1-934619-08-7. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014.
Downie, J. A. "Robert Harley and the Press" (PDF). University of Newcastle eTheses. University of Newcastle. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
Defoe, Daniel (1709). The History of the Union of Great Britain. Edinburgh: Heirs of Anderson – via TrueScans. Archived 2025-07-13 at the Wayback Machine.
First Defoe book author reference – cited as DANIEL DEFOE at TrueScans. Archived 2023-04-30 at the Wayback Machine.
Second Defoe book author reference – cited as D. DE FOE at TrueScans. Archived 2025-07-13 at the Wayback Machine.
Book reference to 6th December of 1604 at TrueScans. Archived 2025-08-10 at the Wayback Machine.
"Moll: The Life and Times of Moll Flanders". History Extra. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2018.

wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org (Global: 524^th place; English: 218^th place)

Backscheider, Paula R. (January 2008) [2004]. "Daniel Defoe (1660?–1731)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7421. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Duguid, Paul (2 October 2006). "Limits of self-organization: Peer production and "laws of quality"". First Monday. 11 (10). doi:10.5210/fm.v11i10.1405. ISSN 1396-0466. Most reliable sources hold that the date of Defoe's birth was uncertain and may have fallen in 1659 or 1661. The day of his death is also uncertain.
Novak, Maximillian (2001). Daniel Defoe: master of fictions: his life and ideas. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261543.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-926154-3. OCLC 51963527.
Backscheider, Paula (1989). Daniel Defoe : his life. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-4512-3. OCLC 59911734.
Morgan, William Thomas (1940). "Defoe's Review as a Historical Source". The Journal of Modern History. 12 (2): 221–232. doi:10.1086/236459. ISSN 0022-2801. JSTOR 1874898.
Swenson, Rivka (2015). Essential Scots and the Idea of Unionism in Anglo-Scottish Literature, 1603–1832 (ebook ed.). Bucknell University Press. p. 58. OCLC 936344614 – via Google Books.
Defoe, Daniel (1726). The complete English tradesman, in familiar letters . Dublin: Printed for George Ewing. p. 375. hdl:2027/nnc1.0112322717. OCLC 36869195.
Minto, William (1879). Daniel Defoe. New York: Harper & Bros. OCLC 562533988.
Starr, G. A. (1971) [1965]. Defoe & spiritual autobiography. New York: Gordian Press. ISBN 0-87752-138-7. OCLC 219753.^{[page needed]}

wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; English: 66^th place)

John J. Miller (13 August 2011) "Writing Up a Storm", The Wall Street Journal.

Daniel Defoe (English Wikipedia)

amazon.com (Global: 159th place; English: 105th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

bankofengland.co.uk (Global: 3,707th place; English: 1,947th place)

baroque.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

bartleby.com (Global: 1,965th place; English: 1,869th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; English: 151st place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

english-heritage.org.uk (Global: 3,412th place; English: 2,058th place)

gale.com (Global: 914th place; English: 441st place)

go.gale.com

gradesaver.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

historyextra.com (Global: 8,001st place; English: 5,482nd place)

islingtonguidedwalks.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

jhu.edu (Global: 560th place; English: 313th place)

muse.jhu.edu

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

ncl.ac.uk (Global: 5,403rd place; English: 3,489th place)

theses.ncl.ac.uk

oxforddnb.com (Global: 179th place; English: 104th place)

proquest.com (Global: 121st place; English: 59th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sf-encyclopedia.com (Global: 2,745th place; English: 1,778th place)

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663rd place; English: 431st place)

soane.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

collections.soane.org

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; English: 11th place)

truescans.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org (Global: 524th place; English: 218th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

wsj.com (Global: 94th place; English: 66th place)

amazon.com (Global: 159^th place; English: 105^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bankofengland.co.uk (Global: 3,707^th place; English: 1,947^th place)

bartleby.com (Global: 1,965^th place; English: 1,869^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

english-heritage.org.uk (Global: 3,412^th place; English: 2,058^th place)

gale.com (Global: 914^th place; English: 441^st place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

historyextra.com (Global: 8,001^st place; English: 5,482^nd place)

jhu.edu (Global: 560^th place; English: 313^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

ncl.ac.uk (Global: 5,403^rd place; English: 3,489^th place)

oxforddnb.com (Global: 179^th place; English: 104^th place)

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

sf-encyclopedia.com (Global: 2,745^th place; English: 1,778^th place)

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org (Global: 524^th place; English: 218^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; English: 66^th place)