Egyptian language (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Egyptian language" in English language version.

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academia.edu

Eiland, Murray (2020). "Champollion, Hieroglyphs, and Coptic Magical Papyri". Antiqvvs. 2 (1). Interview with Bill Manley: 17.

archaeology.org

archive.archaeology.org

"Earliest Egyptian Glyphs – Archaeology Magazine Archive".

archive.org

There is evidence of Bohairic having a phonemic glottal stop: Loprieno (1995:44). Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
In other dialects, the graphemes are used only for clusters of a stop followed by /h/ and were not used for aspirates: see Loprieno (1995:248). Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 8. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 5. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 51. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 31. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 52. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 7. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 33. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 34. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 35. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 38. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 41. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 46. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 42. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 43. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, pp. 40–42. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 36. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 39. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 47. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, pp. 47–48. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 48. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 37. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.
Loprieno 1995, p. 65. Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44384-5.

books.google.com

Layton, Benjamin (2007). Coptic in 20 Lessons: Introduction to Sahidic Coptic with Exercises & Vocabularies. Peeters Publishers. p. 1. ISBN 9789042918108. The liturgy of the present day Coptic Orthodox Church in Egypt is written in a mixture of Arabic, Greek, and Bohairic Coptic, the ancient dialect of the Delta and the great monasteries of the Wadi Natrun. Coptic is no longer a living language.
Frajzyngier, Zygmunt; Shay, Erin (31 May 2012). The Afroasiatic Languages. Cambridge University Press. p. 102. ISBN 9780521865333.
Allan, Keith (2013). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics. OUP Oxford. p. 264. ISBN 978-0199585847. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
Allen 2013, p. 2f.. Allen, James P. (2013). The Ancient Egyptian Language: An Historical Study. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-66467-8.
Allen (2013:2) citing Jochem Kahl, Markus Bretschneider, Frühägyptisches Wörterbuch, Part 1 (2002), p. 229. Allen, James P. (2013). The Ancient Egyptian Language: An Historical Study. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-66467-8.
Allen 2020, p. 3. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Schiffman, Lawrence H. (1 January 2003). Semitic Papyrology in Context: A Climate of Creativity: Papers from a New York University Conference Marking the Retirement of Baruch A. Levine. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004128859.
Shaw, Ian; Bloxam, Elizabeth (2020). The Oxford Handbook of Egyptology. Oxford University Press. p. 1119. ISBN 9780192596987. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
Allen 2020, p. 26. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Allen 2020, p. 28. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Allen 2020, p. 76. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Allen 2020, p. 74–75. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Allen 2013. Allen, James P. (2013). The Ancient Egyptian Language: An Historical Study. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-66467-8.

britannica.com

"Hieroglyph | writing character". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 5 December 2018.

doi.org

See Peust (1999), for a review of the history of thinking on the subject; his reconstructions of words are nonstandard. Peust, Carsten (1999). Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language. Peust & Gutschmidt. doi:10.11588/diglit.1167. ISBN 3-933043-02-6.
Possibly the precursor of Coptic šau ("tomcat") suffixed with feminine -t, but some authorities dispute this, e.g. Huehnergard, John (2007). "Qiṭṭa: Arabic Cats". Classical Arabic Humanities in Their Own Terms. pp. 407–418. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004165731.i-612.89. ISBN 978-90-04-16573-1..
Grossman, Eitan; Richter, Tonio Sebastian (2015). "The Egyptian-Coptic language: its setting in space, time and culture". Egyptian-Coptic Linguistics in Typological Perspective. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 70. doi:10.1515/9783110346510.69. ISBN 9783110346510. The Egyptian-Coptic language is attested in a vast corpus of written texts that almost uninterruptedly document its lifetime over more than 4,000 years, from the invention of the hieroglyphic writing system in the late 4th millennium BCE, up to the 14th century CE. Egyptian is thus likely to be the longest-attested human language known.
Rubin 2013. Rubin, Aaron D. (2013). "Egyptian and Hebrew". In Khan, Geoffrey; Bolozky, Shmuel; Fassberg, Steven; Rendsburg, Gary A.; Rubin, Aaron D.; Schwarzwald, Ora R.; Zewi, Tamar (eds.). Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/2212-4241_ehll_EHLL_COM_00000721. ISBN 978-90-04-17642-3.
Mc Call, Daniel F. (1998). "The Afroasiatic Language Phylum: African in Origin, or Asian?". Current Anthropology. 39 (1): 139–144. doi:10.1086/204702. ISSN 0011-3204. JSTOR 10.1086/204702.
Mattessich 2002. Mattessich, Richard (2002). "The oldest writings, and inventory tags of Egypt". Accounting Historians Journal. 29 (1): 195–208. doi:10.2308/0148-4184.29.1.195. JSTOR 40698264. S2CID 160704269. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019.
Allen 2020, p. 3. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Allen 2020, p. 26. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Allen 2020, p. 28. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Allen 2020, p. 76. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Allen 2020, p. 74–75. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Peust 1999, p. 85, After the New Kingdom, confusion between both series of stops becomes very frequent in Egyptian writing. A phonetic merger of some kind is certainly the cause of this phenomenon.. Peust, Carsten (1999). Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language. Peust & Gutschmidt. doi:10.11588/diglit.1167. ISBN 3-933043-02-6.
Peust 1999, p. 102, In Roman Demotic ⟨ꜥ⟩ suddenly begins to be employed in a very inconsistent manner. It is often omitted or added without etymological justification. I take this as an indication that the phoneme /ʕ/ was lost from the spoken language.. Peust, Carsten (1999). Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language. Peust & Gutschmidt. doi:10.11588/diglit.1167. ISBN 3-933043-02-6.

files.wordpress.com

copticsounds.files.wordpress.com

The language may have survived in isolated pockets in Upper Egypt as late as the 19th century, according to Quibell, James Edward (1901). "When did Coptic become extinct?". Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde. 39: 87. In the village of Pi-Solsel (Az-Zayniyyah, El Zenya or Al Zeniya north of Luxor), passive speakers were recorded as late as the 1930s, and traces of traditional vernacular Coptic reported to exist in other places such as Abydos and Dendera, see Vycichl, Werner (1936). "Pi-Solsel, ein Dorf mit koptischer Überlieferung" [Pi-Solsel, a village with Coptic tradition] (PDF). Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo (MDAIK) (in German). 6: 169–175.
Depuydt, Leo (1993). "On Coptic Sounds" (PDF). Orientalia. 62 (4). Gregorian Biblical Press: 338–375.

galaxie.com

Hoffmeier, James K (1 October 2007). "Rameses of the Exodus narratives is the 13th B.C. Royal Ramesside Residence". Trinity Journal: 1.

gattours.com

"What Is the Egyptian Language?". GAT Tours. 11 December 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2023.

jstor.org

Mc Call, Daniel F. (1998). "The Afroasiatic Language Phylum: African in Origin, or Asian?". Current Anthropology. 39 (1): 139–144. doi:10.1086/204702. ISSN 0011-3204. JSTOR 10.1086/204702.
Mattessich 2002. Mattessich, Richard (2002). "The oldest writings, and inventory tags of Egypt". Accounting Historians Journal. 29 (1): 195–208. doi:10.2308/0148-4184.29.1.195. JSTOR 40698264. S2CID 160704269. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019.

olemiss.edu

clio.lib.olemiss.edu

Mattessich 2002. Mattessich, Richard (2002). "The oldest writings, and inventory tags of Egypt". Accounting Historians Journal. 29 (1): 195–208. doi:10.2308/0148-4184.29.1.195. JSTOR 40698264. S2CID 160704269. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Mattessich 2002. Mattessich, Richard (2002). "The oldest writings, and inventory tags of Egypt". Accounting Historians Journal. 29 (1): 195–208. doi:10.2308/0148-4184.29.1.195. JSTOR 40698264. S2CID 160704269. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019.
Allen 2020, p. 3. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Allen 2020, p. 26. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Allen 2020, p. 28. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Allen 2020, p. 76. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.
Allen 2020, p. 74–75. Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108751827. ISBN 978-1-108-48555-5. S2CID 216256704.

uchicago.edu

isac.uchicago.edu

"The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus, Volume 1: Hieroglyphic Transliteration, Translation, and Commentary | Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures". isac.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 18 July 2024.

um.es

Budge, E. A. Wallis (1920). Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary (PDF). London: Harrison and sons. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2017.

unesco.org

unesdoc.unesco.org

Ancient Civilizations of Africa. Vol. 2 (Abridged ed.). London: J. Currey. 1990. pp. 11–12. ISBN 0852550928.

uni-heidelberg.de

digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de

See Peust (1999), for a review of the history of thinking on the subject; his reconstructions of words are nonstandard. Peust, Carsten (1999). Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language. Peust & Gutschmidt. doi:10.11588/diglit.1167. ISBN 3-933043-02-6.
Peust 1999, p. 85, After the New Kingdom, confusion between both series of stops becomes very frequent in Egyptian writing. A phonetic merger of some kind is certainly the cause of this phenomenon.. Peust, Carsten (1999). Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language. Peust & Gutschmidt. doi:10.11588/diglit.1167. ISBN 3-933043-02-6.
Peust 1999, p. 102, In Roman Demotic ⟨ꜥ⟩ suddenly begins to be employed in a very inconsistent manner. It is often omitted or added without etymological justification. I take this as an indication that the phoneme /ʕ/ was lost from the spoken language.. Peust, Carsten (1999). Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language. Peust & Gutschmidt. doi:10.11588/diglit.1167. ISBN 3-933043-02-6.

univie.ac.at

homepage.univie.ac.at

Satzinger 2008, p. 10. Satzinger, Helmut (2008). "What happened to the voiced consonants of Egyptian?" (PDF). Vol. 2. Acts of the X International Congress of Egyptologists. pp. 1537–1546. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2014.

web.archive.org

"Ancient Sudan~ Nubia: Writing: The Basic Languages of Christian Nubia: Greek, Coptic, Old Nubian, and Arabic". ancientsudan.org. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
Budge, E. A. Wallis (1920). Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary (PDF). London: Harrison and sons. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2017.
Mattessich 2002. Mattessich, Richard (2002). "The oldest writings, and inventory tags of Egypt". Accounting Historians Journal. 29 (1): 195–208. doi:10.2308/0148-4184.29.1.195. JSTOR 40698264. S2CID 160704269. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019.
Satzinger 2008, p. 10. Satzinger, Helmut (2008). "What happened to the voiced consonants of Egyptian?" (PDF). Vol. 2. Acts of the X International Congress of Egyptologists. pp. 1537–1546. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2014.

wiktionary.org

en.wiktionary.org

Whence the designation Kemic for Egypto-Coptic with km.t */kū́m˘t/ "black land, Egypt", as opposed to ṭšr.t "red land, desert". Proposed by Schenkel (1990:1). Note that the name r n km.t is only attested in versions of the Story of Sinuhe and appears to have been a literary invention. Schenkel, Wolfgang (1990). Einführung in die altägyptische Sprachwissenschaft. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
Possibly the precursor of Coptic šau ("tomcat") suffixed with feminine -t, but some authorities dispute this, e.g. Huehnergard, John (2007). "Qiṭṭa: Arabic Cats". Classical Arabic Humanities in Their Own Terms. pp. 407–418. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004165731.i-612.89. ISBN 978-90-04-16573-1..

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Mc Call, Daniel F. (1998). "The Afroasiatic Language Phylum: African in Origin, or Asian?". Current Anthropology. 39 (1): 139–144. doi:10.1086/204702. ISSN 0011-3204. JSTOR 10.1086/204702.
Lipiński, E. (Edward) (2001). Semitic languages : outline of a comparative grammar. Peeters. ISBN 90-429-0815-7. OCLC 783059625.

worldcat.org

Lipiński, E. (Edward) (2001). Semitic languages : outline of a comparative grammar. Peeters. ISBN 90-429-0815-7. OCLC 783059625.