Environmental impact of war (English Wikipedia)

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Evenden, Matthew (2011). "Aluminum, commodity chain, and the environmental history of the second world war". Environmental History. 16: 69–93. doi:10.1093/envhis/emq145.
Lawrence, Michael J.; Stemberger, Holly L.J.; Zolderdo, Aaron J.; Struthers, Daniel P.; Cooke, Steven J. (December 2015). "The effects of modern war and military activities on biodiversity and the environment". Environmental Reviews. 23 (4): 443–460. doi:10.1139/er-2015-0039. hdl:1807/69913.
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Gidarakos, Evangelos (January 2015). "War and environmental impacts". Waste Management. 35: 1–2. Bibcode:2015WaMan..35....1G. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2014.10.007. PMID 25481653.
Siebert, Ursula; Stürznickel, Julian; Schaffeld, Tobias; Oheim, Ralf; Rolvien, Tim; Prenger-Berninghoff, Ellen; Wohlsein, Peter; Lakemeyer, Jan; Rohner, Simon; Aroha Schick, Luca; Gross, Stephanie; Nachtsheim, Dominik; Ewers, Christa; Becher, Paul; Amling, Michael; Morell, Maria (January 2022). "Blast injury on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Baltic Sea after explosions of deposits of World War II ammunition". Environment International. 159 107014. Bibcode:2022EnInt.15907014S. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.107014. PMID 34883460.
Falk, Richard A. (1973). "Environmental Warfare and Ecocide — Facts, Appraisal, and Proposals". Bulletin of Peace Proposals. 4 (1): 80–96. doi:10.1177/096701067300400105. JSTOR 44480206.
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Mallon, COL Timothy M.; Rohrbeck, MAJ Patricia; Haines, MAJ Kevin M.; Jones, Dean P.; Utell, Mark; Hopke, Philip K.; Phipps, Richard P.; Walker, Douglas I.; Thatcher, Thomas; Woeller, Collynn F.; Baird, Coleen P. (August 2016). "Introduction to Department of Defense Research on Burn Pits, Biomarkers, and Health Outcomes Related to Deployment in Iraq and Afghanistan". Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 58 (8): S3 – S11. doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000775. ISSN 1076-2752. PMID 27501101. S2CID 4138527.
Hilborn, Ray (1977). "IIASA Conference on Adaptive Environmental Management, held in Schloss Laxenburg, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria, 13–17 June 1977". Environmental Conservation. 4 (3): 235–236. Bibcode:1977EnvCo...4R.235H. doi:10.1017/s0376892900025959.
Hilborn, Ray (1977). "IIASA Conference on Adaptive Environmental Management, held in Schloss Laxenburg, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria, 13–17 June 1977". Environmental Conservation. 4 (3): 235–236. Bibcode:1977EnvCo...4R.235H. doi:10.1017/s0376892900025959.
Daskin, Joshua H.; Pringle, Robert M. (2018). "Warfare and wildlife declines in Africa's protected areas". Nature. 553 (7688): 328–332. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..328D. doi:10.1038/nature25194. PMID 29320475.
Pringle, Robert M. (2017). "Upgrading protected areas to conserve wild biodiversity". Nature. 546 (7656): 91–99. Bibcode:2017Natur.546...91P. doi:10.1038/nature22902. PMID 28569807.
Kanyamibwa, Samuel (1998). "Impact of war on conservation: Rwandan environment and wildlife in agony". Biodiversity and Conservation. 7 (11): 1399–1406. Bibcode:1998BiCon...7.1399K. doi:10.1023/a:1008880113990.
Morikawa, Masahiro; Taylor, Sebastian; Persons, Marjie (May 1998). "Deaths and injuries due to unexploded ordnance (UXO) in northern Lao PDR (Laos)". Injury. 29 (4): 301–304. doi:10.1016/S0020-1383(98)80210-6. PMID 9743752.
Banout, Jan; Urban, Ondrej; Musil, Vojtech; Szakova, Jirina; Balik, Jiri (2014). "Agent Orange Footprint Still Visible in Rural Areas of Central Vietnam". Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2014: 528965. doi:10.1155/2014/528965. PMC 3930020. PMID 24639878.
Truong, Kiem N.; Dinh, Khuong V. (2021-11-16). "Agent Orange: Haft-Century [sic] Effects On The Vietnamese Wildlife Have Been Ignored". Environmental Science & Technology. 55 (22): 15007–15009. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c06613. PMC 8600662. PMID 34714069.
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Kulp, J. Laurence; Eckelmann, Walter R.; Schulert, Arthur R. (1957). "Strontium-90 in Man". Science. 125 (3241): 219–225. Bibcode:1957Sci...125..219K. doi:10.1126/science.125.3241.219. JSTOR 1753918. PMID 13401228.
Kim, Gahyun; Choi, Sang-Do; Lim, Jong-Myoung; Kim, Hyuncheol (August 2023). "Strontium-90 levels in seawater southeast of Jeju Island during 2021–2023". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 193 115258. Bibcode:2023MarPB.19315258K. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115258. PMID 37433238.
Matishov, G. G.; Ilyin, G. V. (August 2022). "Strontium-90 in Seawater and Bottom Sediments of the Barents Sea Shelf (2000–2019)". Doklady Earth Sciences. 505 (2): 565–571. Bibcode:2022DokES.505..565M. doi:10.1134/S1028334X22080116.
Sahoo, Sarata Kumar; Kavasi, Norbert; Sorimachi, Atsuyuki; Arae, Hideki; Tokonami, Shinji; Mietelski, Jerzy Wojciech; Łokas, Edyta; Yoshida, Satoshi (2016-04-06). "Strontium-90 activity concentration in soil samples from the exclusion zone of the Fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 23925. Bibcode:2016NatSR...623925S. doi:10.1038/srep23925. PMC 4822116. PMID 27048779.
Kavasi, Norbert; Arae, Hideki; Aono, Tatsuo; Sahoo, Sarata Kumar (2023-06-01). "Distribution of strontium-90 in soils affected by Fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power station accident in the context of cesium-137 contamination". Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987). 326 121487. Bibcode:2023EPoll.32621487K. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121487. PMID 36958665.
Miller, AC; McClain, D (2007). "A review of depleted uranium biological effects: in vitro and in vivo studies". Reviews on Environmental Health. 22 (1): 75–89. doi:10.1515/REVEH.2007.22.1.75. PMID 17508699.
Craft, Elena; Abu-Qare, Aquel; Flaherty, Meghan; Garofolo, Melissa; Rincavage, Heather; Abou-Donia, Mohamed (2004). "Depleted and natural uranium: chemistry and toxicological effects". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B. 7 (4): 297–317. Bibcode:2004JTEHB...7..297C. doi:10.1080/10937400490452714. PMID 15205046.
Mitsakou, C.; Eleftheriadis, K.; Housiadas, C.; Lazaridis, M. (2003). "Modeling of the dispersion of depleted uranium aerosol". Health Physics. 84 (4): 538–44. Bibcode:2003HeaPh..84..538M. doi:10.1097/00004032-200304000-00014. PMID 12705453.
Hindin, Rita; Brugge, Doug; Panikkar, Bindu (2005). "Teratogenicity of depleted uranium aerosols: A review from an epidemiological perspective". Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source. 4 (1): 17. Bibcode:2005EnvHe...4...17H. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-4-17. PMC 1242351. PMID 16124873.
Alaani, Samira; Tafash, Muhammed; Busby, Christopher; Hamdan, Malak; Blaurock-Busch, Eleonore (2011). "Uranium and other contaminants in the hair from the parents of children with congenital anomalies in Fallujah, Iraq". Conflict and Health. 5 15. doi:10.1186/1752-1505-5-15. PMC 3177876. PMID 21888647.
Al-Hadithi, Tariq S.; Saleh, Abubakir M.; Al-Diwan, Jawad K.; Shabila, Nazar P. (2012). "Birth defects in Iraq and the plausibility of environmental exposure: A review". Conflict and Health. 6 (3): 245–250. doi:10.1186/1752-1505-6-3. PMC 3492088. PMID 22839108.
Woskie, Susan R.; Bello, Anila; Rennix, Christopher; Jiang, Lan; Trivedi, Amal N.; Savitz, David A. (June 2023). "Burn Pit Exposure Assessment to Support a Cohort Study of US Veterans of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 65 (6): 449–457. doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000002788. PMC 10227925. PMID 36728333.
Sotolongo, Anays; Falvo, Michael; Santos, Susan; Johnson, Iman; Arjomandi, Mehrdad; Hines, Stella; Krefft, Silpa; Osterholzer, John (2020-04-01). "Military Burn Pits". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 201 (7): P13 – P14. doi:10.1164/rccm.2017P13. PMID 32233853.
Jorgenson, Andrew K.; Clark, Brett (May 2016). "The temporal stability and developmental differences in the environmental impacts of militarism: the treadmill of destruction and consumption-based carbon emissions". Sustainability Science. 11 (3): 505–514. Bibcode:2016SuSc...11..505J. doi:10.1007/s11625-015-0309-5.
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Khan, Mahreen (2022). "The Environmental Impacts of War and Conflict". Institute of Development Studies. doi:10.19088/K4D.2022.060.
Russell, Charlie J.G.; Franco, Aldina M.A.; Atkinson, Philip W.; Väli, Ülo; Ashton-Butt, Adham (May 2024). "Active European warzone impacts raptor migration". Current Biology. 34 (10): 2272–2277.e2. Bibcode:2024CBio...34.2272R. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.047. PMID 38772328.
Tedla, Mebrahtu G.; Berhe, Kibrom F.; Grmay, Kibrom M. (2023-11-20). "The impact of armed conflict on animal well-being and welfare, and analyzing damage assessment on the veterinary sector: The case of Ethiopia's Tigray region". Heliyon. 9 (12): e22681. Bibcode:2023Heliy...922681T. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22681. PMC 10709505. PMID 38076045.
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Lawrence, Michael J.; Stemberger, Holly L.J.; Zolderdo, Aaron J.; Struthers, Daniel P.; Cooke, Steven J. (December 2015). "The effects of modern war and military activities on biodiversity and the environment". Environmental Reviews. 23 (4): 443–460. doi:10.1139/er-2015-0039. hdl:1807/69913.

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Gidarakos, Evangelos (January 2015). "War and environmental impacts". Waste Management. 35: 1–2. Bibcode:2015WaMan..35....1G. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2014.10.007. PMID 25481653.
Siebert, Ursula; Stürznickel, Julian; Schaffeld, Tobias; Oheim, Ralf; Rolvien, Tim; Prenger-Berninghoff, Ellen; Wohlsein, Peter; Lakemeyer, Jan; Rohner, Simon; Aroha Schick, Luca; Gross, Stephanie; Nachtsheim, Dominik; Ewers, Christa; Becher, Paul; Amling, Michael; Morell, Maria (January 2022). "Blast injury on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Baltic Sea after explosions of deposits of World War II ammunition". Environment International. 159 107014. Bibcode:2022EnInt.15907014S. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.107014. PMID 34883460.
Hilborn, Ray (1977). "IIASA Conference on Adaptive Environmental Management, held in Schloss Laxenburg, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria, 13–17 June 1977". Environmental Conservation. 4 (3): 235–236. Bibcode:1977EnvCo...4R.235H. doi:10.1017/s0376892900025959.
Hilborn, Ray (1977). "IIASA Conference on Adaptive Environmental Management, held in Schloss Laxenburg, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria, 13–17 June 1977". Environmental Conservation. 4 (3): 235–236. Bibcode:1977EnvCo...4R.235H. doi:10.1017/s0376892900025959.
Daskin, Joshua H.; Pringle, Robert M. (2018). "Warfare and wildlife declines in Africa's protected areas". Nature. 553 (7688): 328–332. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..328D. doi:10.1038/nature25194. PMID 29320475.
Pringle, Robert M. (2017). "Upgrading protected areas to conserve wild biodiversity". Nature. 546 (7656): 91–99. Bibcode:2017Natur.546...91P. doi:10.1038/nature22902. PMID 28569807.
Kanyamibwa, Samuel (1998). "Impact of war on conservation: Rwandan environment and wildlife in agony". Biodiversity and Conservation. 7 (11): 1399–1406. Bibcode:1998BiCon...7.1399K. doi:10.1023/a:1008880113990.
Kulp, J. Laurence; Eckelmann, Walter R.; Schulert, Arthur R. (1957). "Strontium-90 in Man". Science. 125 (3241): 219–225. Bibcode:1957Sci...125..219K. doi:10.1126/science.125.3241.219. JSTOR 1753918. PMID 13401228.
Kim, Gahyun; Choi, Sang-Do; Lim, Jong-Myoung; Kim, Hyuncheol (August 2023). "Strontium-90 levels in seawater southeast of Jeju Island during 2021–2023". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 193 115258. Bibcode:2023MarPB.19315258K. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115258. PMID 37433238.
Matishov, G. G.; Ilyin, G. V. (August 2022). "Strontium-90 in Seawater and Bottom Sediments of the Barents Sea Shelf (2000–2019)". Doklady Earth Sciences. 505 (2): 565–571. Bibcode:2022DokES.505..565M. doi:10.1134/S1028334X22080116.
Sahoo, Sarata Kumar; Kavasi, Norbert; Sorimachi, Atsuyuki; Arae, Hideki; Tokonami, Shinji; Mietelski, Jerzy Wojciech; Łokas, Edyta; Yoshida, Satoshi (2016-04-06). "Strontium-90 activity concentration in soil samples from the exclusion zone of the Fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 23925. Bibcode:2016NatSR...623925S. doi:10.1038/srep23925. PMC 4822116. PMID 27048779.
Kavasi, Norbert; Arae, Hideki; Aono, Tatsuo; Sahoo, Sarata Kumar (2023-06-01). "Distribution of strontium-90 in soils affected by Fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power station accident in the context of cesium-137 contamination". Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987). 326 121487. Bibcode:2023EPoll.32621487K. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121487. PMID 36958665.
Craft, Elena; Abu-Qare, Aquel; Flaherty, Meghan; Garofolo, Melissa; Rincavage, Heather; Abou-Donia, Mohamed (2004). "Depleted and natural uranium: chemistry and toxicological effects". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B. 7 (4): 297–317. Bibcode:2004JTEHB...7..297C. doi:10.1080/10937400490452714. PMID 15205046.
Mitsakou, C.; Eleftheriadis, K.; Housiadas, C.; Lazaridis, M. (2003). "Modeling of the dispersion of depleted uranium aerosol". Health Physics. 84 (4): 538–44. Bibcode:2003HeaPh..84..538M. doi:10.1097/00004032-200304000-00014. PMID 12705453.
Hindin, Rita; Brugge, Doug; Panikkar, Bindu (2005). "Teratogenicity of depleted uranium aerosols: A review from an epidemiological perspective". Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source. 4 (1): 17. Bibcode:2005EnvHe...4...17H. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-4-17. PMC 1242351. PMID 16124873.
Jorgenson, Andrew K.; Clark, Brett (May 2016). "The temporal stability and developmental differences in the environmental impacts of militarism: the treadmill of destruction and consumption-based carbon emissions". Sustainability Science. 11 (3): 505–514. Bibcode:2016SuSc...11..505J. doi:10.1007/s11625-015-0309-5.
Russell, Charlie J.G.; Franco, Aldina M.A.; Atkinson, Philip W.; Väli, Ülo; Ashton-Butt, Adham (May 2024). "Active European warzone impacts raptor migration". Current Biology. 34 (10): 2272–2277.e2. Bibcode:2024CBio...34.2272R. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.047. PMID 38772328.
Tedla, Mebrahtu G.; Berhe, Kibrom F.; Grmay, Kibrom M. (2023-11-20). "The impact of armed conflict on animal well-being and welfare, and analyzing damage assessment on the veterinary sector: The case of Ethiopia's Tigray region". Heliyon. 9 (12): e22681. Bibcode:2023Heliy...922681T. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22681. PMC 10709505. PMID 38076045.

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Lutts, Ralph (1985). "Chemical Fallout: Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, Radioactive Fallout, and the Environmental Movement". Environmental Review. 3. 9 (3): 210–225. doi:10.2307/3984231. JSTOR 3984231. PMID 11616075.
Kulp, J. Laurence; Eckelmann, Walter R.; Schulert, Arthur R. (1957). "Strontium-90 in Man". Science. 125 (3241): 219–225. Bibcode:1957Sci...125..219K. doi:10.1126/science.125.3241.219. JSTOR 1753918. PMID 13401228.

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Gidarakos, Evangelos (January 2015). "War and environmental impacts". Waste Management. 35: 1–2. Bibcode:2015WaMan..35....1G. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2014.10.007. PMID 25481653.
Siebert, Ursula; Stürznickel, Julian; Schaffeld, Tobias; Oheim, Ralf; Rolvien, Tim; Prenger-Berninghoff, Ellen; Wohlsein, Peter; Lakemeyer, Jan; Rohner, Simon; Aroha Schick, Luca; Gross, Stephanie; Nachtsheim, Dominik; Ewers, Christa; Becher, Paul; Amling, Michael; Morell, Maria (January 2022). "Blast injury on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Baltic Sea after explosions of deposits of World War II ammunition". Environment International. 159 107014. Bibcode:2022EnInt.15907014S. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.107014. PMID 34883460.
Mallon, COL Timothy M.; Rohrbeck, MAJ Patricia; Haines, MAJ Kevin M.; Jones, Dean P.; Utell, Mark; Hopke, Philip K.; Phipps, Richard P.; Walker, Douglas I.; Thatcher, Thomas; Woeller, Collynn F.; Baird, Coleen P. (August 2016). "Introduction to Department of Defense Research on Burn Pits, Biomarkers, and Health Outcomes Related to Deployment in Iraq and Afghanistan". Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 58 (8): S3 – S11. doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000775. ISSN 1076-2752. PMID 27501101. S2CID 4138527.
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