Existence of God (English Wikipedia)

Romans 1:20.
2 Timothy 3:14–15 NIV "But as for you, continue in what you have learned and have become convinced of, because you know those from whom you learned it, and how from infancy you have known the holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus." The Holy Bible, New International Version. International Bible Society. 1984.

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Cruz De, Helen; Nichols, Ryan (28 January 2016). Advances in Religion, Cognitive Science, and Experimental Philosophy. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-4742-2382-9.
Martin, Michael (2006). The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84270-9. Archived from the original on 2015-05-02. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
Gary Cox (2013). The God Confusion – Why Nobody Knows the Answer to the Ultimate Question. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 61. ISBN 9781623569808. This has come to be known as the trademark argument as it claims that each person's idea of God is the trademark, hallmark or stamp of their divine creator
Inati 2014, p. 28. Inati, Shams C. (2014). Ibn Sina's Remarks and Admonitions: Physics and Metaphysics: An Analysis and Annotated Translation. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-53742-1.
Adamson 2016, p. 126. Adamson, Peter (2016). Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957749-1.
Adamson 2013, p. 170. Adamson, Peter (2013-07-04). "From the necessary existent to God". In Adamson, Peter (ed.). Interpreting Avicenna: Critical Essays. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-19073-2.
Adamson 2013, p. 171. Adamson, Peter (2013-07-04). "From the necessary existent to God". In Adamson, Peter (ed.). Interpreting Avicenna: Critical Essays. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-19073-2.
Manning, Russell Re. 2013. "Introduction". Pp. 1–9 in The Oxford Handbook of Natural Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 3, for example: "Between them, so the story goes, Hume, Darwin and Barth pulled the rug out from underneath the pretensions of natural theology to any philosophical, scientific, or theological legitimacy."
Marty, Elsa J. (2010-08-19). A Dictionary of Philosophy of Religion. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 154. ISBN 9781441111975. Retrieved 2 December 2012. C.S. Lewis offered a popularized version of such an argument in a series of talks for the BBC during World War II, later published in his Mere Christianity Lewis argued that conscience reveals to us a moral law whose source cannot be found in the natural world, thus pointing to a supernatural Lawgiver.
Allison, Gregg (2011-03-29). Historical Theology: An Introduction to Christian Doctrine. Zondervan. p. 207. ISBN 9780310230137. Retrieved 2 December 2012. In his highly influential book Mere Christianity, C. S. Lewis revived the moral argument for the existence of God. By moving from the fact of human quarrels and the moral law that these presuppose, to the reality of God as the moral Lawgiver whose law people break, Lewis set forth a foundation not only for the existence of God, but for the message that "the Christians are talking about.... The tell you how the demands of this law, which you and I cannot meet, have been met on our behalf, how God himself becomes a man to save a man from the disapproval of God."
Greco, John (26 June 2013). God and the Gods: A Compelling Investigation and Personal Quest for the Truth About God of the Bible and the Gods of Ancient History. iUniverse. pp. 134–. ISBN 978-1-4759-9597-8.
Carrier, Richard (2011). "Neither Life Nor The Universe Appear Intelligently Designed". In Loftus, John W. (ed.). The End of Christianity. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-61614-414-2.
Rajadhyaksha (1959). The Six Systems of Indian Philosophy. p. 95. Archived from the original on 2016-01-01. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
Eliot, Charles (2007-09-01). Hinduism and Buddhism, Vol II. (of 3). Echo Library. p. 243. ISBN 9781406862966. Archived from the original on 2014-01-03. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
Sinha, Nandalal (2012). The Samkhya Philosophy; Containing Samkhya-Pravachana Sutram, with the Vritti of Aniruddha, and the Bhasya of Vijnana Bhiksu and Extracts from the Vritti-Sara of Mahadeva Vedantin; Tatva Samasa; Samkhya Karika; Panchasikha Sutram. Translated and EDI. HardPress. ISBN 978-1-4076-9891-5.
Neville, Robert (2001). Religious truth. SUNY Press. p. 51. ISBN 9780791447789. Archived from the original on 2016-01-01. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
Coward, Harold (2008-02-07). The perfectibility of human nature in eastern and western thought. SUNY Press. p. 114. ISBN 9780791473368. Archived from the original on 2016-01-01. Retrieved 2016-01-27.

brahmakumaris.org

"Based on our real life experiences we clearly know that it was God, the Supreme Soul, Shiva, Himself, had entered into his body. It was God who had revealed the truth about the coming destruction, and of the establishment of the heavenly world which would then follow. And it was God Himself who had given the sign that he, Dada, was to be His medium and the engine for creating such a divine world." "Divine Descent of God". Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved March 6, 2011.

britannica.com

"Stephen Edelston Toulmin". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.

cuny.edu

qcc.cuny.edu

"The Ontological Argument". www.qcc.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-09.

doi.org

Howard-Snyder & O'Leary-Hawthorne 1998, p. 1: "It used to be widely held by philosophers that God and evil are incompatible. Not any longer. Alvin Plantinga's Free Will Defense is largely responsible for this shift." Howard-Snyder, Daniel; O'Leary-Hawthorne, John (1998). "Transworld Sanctity and Plantinga's Free Will Defense". International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. 44 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1023/A:1003210017171. ISSN 1572-8684. S2CID 171072893.
Meister 2009, p. 134: "Most philosophers have agreed that the free will defense has defeated the logical problem of evil. ... Because of [Plantinga's argument], it is now widely accepted that the logical problem of evil has been sufficiently rebutted." Meister, Chad (2009). Introducing Philosophy of Religion. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203880029. ISBN 978-0-415-40327-6.
Alston 1991, p. 49; Peterson et al. 1991, p. 133. Alston, William P. (1991). "The Inductive Argument from Evil and the Human Cognitive Condition". Philosophical Perspectives. 5: 29–67. doi:10.2307/2214090. ISSN 1758-2245. JSTOR 2214090. S2CID 16744068. Peterson, Michael; Hasker, William; Reichenbach, Bruce; Basinger, David (1991). Reason and Religious Belief: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-506155-0.
Bergmann 1999; LaFollette 1980; Howard-Snyder & O'Leary-Hawthorne 1998. Bergmann, Michael (1999). "Might-Counterfactuals, Transworld Untrustworthiness, and Plantinga's Free Will Defense" (PDF). Faith and Philosophy. 16 (3): 336–351. doi:10.5840/faithphil199916332. ISSN 2153-3393. Retrieved 27 April 2019. LaFollette, Hugh (1980). "Plantinga on the Free Will Defense" (PDF). International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. 11 (2): 123–132. doi:10.1007/BF00136761. ISSN 1572-8684. S2CID 170584546. Retrieved 11 September 2013. Howard-Snyder, Daniel; O'Leary-Hawthorne, John (1998). "Transworld Sanctity and Plantinga's Free Will Defense". International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. 44 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1023/A:1003210017171. ISSN 1572-8684. S2CID 171072893.
Mayer 2001, pp. 18–19. Mayer, Toby (2001). "Ibn Sina's 'Burhan Al-Siddiqin'". Journal of Islamic Studies. 12 (1). Oxford University Press: 18–39. doi:10.1093/jis/12.1.18.
Scott, E. C.; Matzke, N. J. (2007). "Biological design in science classrooms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (Suppl 1): 8669–8676. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.8669S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701505104. PMC 1876445. PMID 17494747.
Reichenbach, Bruce R. (April 1989). "Karma, causation, and divine intervention". Philosophy East and West. 39 (2): 135–149 [145]. doi:10.2307/1399374. ISSN 0031-8221. JSTOR 1399374. Archived from the original on 2009-10-27. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
Baggini, Julian (2003-08-28). Atheism. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780192804242.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-280424-2.
Russell, Bertrand (2020-04-22). Why I am not a Christian. doi:10.4324/9781315099552. ISBN 9781351583459. S2CID 153862737.
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dx.doi.org

Russell, Bertrand (2020-04-22). Why I am not a Christian. doi:10.4324/9781315099552. ISBN 9781351583459. S2CID 153862737.
Darwin, Charles (1900). Origin of species. New York, New York and Boston, Massachusetts: H. M. Caldwell. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.959.

economist.com

"isms of the week: Agnosticism and Ignosticism". The Economist. 2010-07-28. Archived from the original on December 16, 2011. Retrieved December 19, 2011.

frame-poythress.org

This argument is articulated by Vern Poythress in chapter 1 of Redeeming Science, pp. 13–31. Available: http://www.frame-poythress.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/PoythressVernRedeemingScience.pdf#page=14 Archived 2012-11-14 at the Wayback Machine

ghazali.org

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hamzatzortzis.com

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harvard.edu

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Scott, E. C.; Matzke, N. J. (2007). "Biological design in science classrooms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (Suppl 1): 8669–8676. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.8669S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701505104. PMC 1876445. PMID 17494747.

hopkinsmedicine.org

"Experiences of 'Ultimate Reality' or 'God' Confer Lasting Benefits to Mental Health". www.hopkinsmedicine.org.

hughlafollette.com

Bergmann 1999; LaFollette 1980; Howard-Snyder & O'Leary-Hawthorne 1998. Bergmann, Michael (1999). "Might-Counterfactuals, Transworld Untrustworthiness, and Plantinga's Free Will Defense" (PDF). Faith and Philosophy. 16 (3): 336–351. doi:10.5840/faithphil199916332. ISSN 2153-3393. Retrieved 27 April 2019. LaFollette, Hugh (1980). "Plantinga on the Free Will Defense" (PDF). International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. 11 (2): 123–132. doi:10.1007/BF00136761. ISSN 1572-8684. S2CID 170584546. Retrieved 11 September 2013. Howard-Snyder, Daniel; O'Leary-Hawthorne, John (1998). "Transworld Sanctity and Plantinga's Free Will Defense". International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. 44 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1023/A:1003210017171. ISSN 1572-8684. S2CID 171072893.

infidels.org

Michael Martin (1997). "Does Induction Presume the Existence of the Christian God?". Infidels. Retrieved 21 April 2011. But what about The Transcendental Argument for the Existence of God (TAG)--the argument that logic, science, and objective ethical standards presuppose the existence of God?

intelligentdesign.org

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jstor.org

Alston 1991, p. 49; Peterson et al. 1991, p. 133. Alston, William P. (1991). "The Inductive Argument from Evil and the Human Cognitive Condition". Philosophical Perspectives. 5: 29–67. doi:10.2307/2214090. ISSN 1758-2245. JSTOR 2214090. S2CID 16744068. Peterson, Michael; Hasker, William; Reichenbach, Bruce; Basinger, David (1991). Reason and Religious Belief: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-506155-0.
Ayala, Francisco J. 2006. "The Blasphemy of Intelligent Design". History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 28(3):409–21. JSTOR 23334140. (review of Creationism's Trojan Horse: The Wedge of Intelligent Design): "The argument from design to demonstrate God's existence, now called the 'Intelligent Design' argument (ID) is a two-tined argument. The first prong asserts that the universe, humans, as well as all sorts of organisms, in their wholes, in their parts, and in their relations to one another and to their environment, appear to have been designed for serving certain functions and for certain ways of life. The second prong of the argument is that only an omnipotent Creator could account for the perfection and purposeful design of the universe and everything in it."
Reichenbach, Bruce R. (April 1989). "Karma, causation, and divine intervention". Philosophy East and West. 39 (2): 135–149 [145]. doi:10.2307/1399374. ISSN 0031-8221. JSTOR 1399374. Archived from the original on 2009-10-27. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
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nih.gov

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Scott, E. C.; Matzke, N. J. (2007). "Biological design in science classrooms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (Suppl 1): 8669–8676. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.8669S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701505104. PMC 1876445. PMID 17494747.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Scott, E. C.; Matzke, N. J. (2007). "Biological design in science classrooms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (Suppl 1): 8669–8676. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.8669S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701505104. PMC 1876445. PMID 17494747.

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Flew, Antony (1976). "The Presumption of Atheism". The Presumption of Atheism, and other Philosophical Essays on God, Freedom, and Immortality. New York: Barnes and Noble. pp. 14ff. Archived from the original on 2005-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-10. In this interpretation an atheist becomes: not someone who positively asserts the non-existence of God; but someone who is simply not a theist. Let us, for future ready reference, introduce the labels 'positive atheist' for the former and 'negative atheist' for the latter.

princeton.edu

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ptta.pl

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Bergmann 1999; LaFollette 1980; Howard-Snyder & O'Leary-Hawthorne 1998. Bergmann, Michael (1999). "Might-Counterfactuals, Transworld Untrustworthiness, and Plantinga's Free Will Defense" (PDF). Faith and Philosophy. 16 (3): 336–351. doi:10.5840/faithphil199916332. ISSN 2153-3393. Retrieved 27 April 2019. LaFollette, Hugh (1980). "Plantinga on the Free Will Defense" (PDF). International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. 11 (2): 123–132. doi:10.1007/BF00136761. ISSN 1572-8684. S2CID 170584546. Retrieved 11 September 2013. Howard-Snyder, Daniel; O'Leary-Hawthorne, John (1998). "Transworld Sanctity and Plantinga's Free Will Defense". International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. 44 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1023/A:1003210017171. ISSN 1572-8684. S2CID 171072893.

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rebus.community

press.rebus.community

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semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Howard-Snyder & O'Leary-Hawthorne 1998, p. 1: "It used to be widely held by philosophers that God and evil are incompatible. Not any longer. Alvin Plantinga's Free Will Defense is largely responsible for this shift." Howard-Snyder, Daniel; O'Leary-Hawthorne, John (1998). "Transworld Sanctity and Plantinga's Free Will Defense". International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. 44 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1023/A:1003210017171. ISSN 1572-8684. S2CID 171072893.
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Bergmann 1999; LaFollette 1980; Howard-Snyder & O'Leary-Hawthorne 1998. Bergmann, Michael (1999). "Might-Counterfactuals, Transworld Untrustworthiness, and Plantinga's Free Will Defense" (PDF). Faith and Philosophy. 16 (3): 336–351. doi:10.5840/faithphil199916332. ISSN 2153-3393. Retrieved 27 April 2019. LaFollette, Hugh (1980). "Plantinga on the Free Will Defense" (PDF). International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. 11 (2): 123–132. doi:10.1007/BF00136761. ISSN 1572-8684. S2CID 170584546. Retrieved 11 September 2013. Howard-Snyder, Daniel; O'Leary-Hawthorne, John (1998). "Transworld Sanctity and Plantinga's Free Will Defense". International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. 44 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1023/A:1003210017171. ISSN 1572-8684. S2CID 171072893.
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wikisource.org

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worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

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