Fomite (English Wikipedia)

Fracastoro, Girolamo (1961). "Contagion, contagious diseases and their treatment (1546)". In Brock, Thomas D. (ed.). Milestones in Microbiology. Translated by Wright, Wilmer C. Prentice-Hall International. pp. 69–75. Retrieved 10 August 2013.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Bennett, Jarvis & Brachman 2007, p. 275 Bennett, John V.; Jarvis, William Robert; Brachman, Philip S. (2007), "Chapter 19: The Inanimate Environment", Bennett & Brachman's Hospital Infections, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p. 277, ISBN 978-0-7817-6383-7
Larson & Liverman 2011, pp. 41–42 Larson, Elaine L.; Liverman, Catharyn T. (2011), "Understanding the Risk to Healthcare Personnel: Fomite Persistence", Preventing Transmission of Pandemic Influenza and Other Viral Respiratory Diseases: Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Personnel: Update 2010, Washington: National Academies Press, p. 41, ISBN 978-0-309-16254-8
Cook 2013, p. 207 Cook, Nigel (2013), "10.1 Introduction; the role of fomites in the virus transmission", Viruses in Food and Water: Risks, Surveillance and Control, Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, pp. 205–215, ISBN 978-0-85709-887-0
Cook 2013, p. 208 Cook, Nigel (2013), "10.1 Introduction; the role of fomites in the virus transmission", Viruses in Food and Water: Risks, Surveillance and Control, Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, pp. 205–215, ISBN 978-0-85709-887-0
Larson & Liverman 2011, p. 41 Larson, Elaine L.; Liverman, Catharyn T. (2011), "Understanding the Risk to Healthcare Personnel: Fomite Persistence", Preventing Transmission of Pandemic Influenza and Other Viral Respiratory Diseases: Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Personnel: Update 2010, Washington: National Academies Press, p. 41, ISBN 978-0-309-16254-8
Shors 2017, p. 279 Shors, Teri (2017), "Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Human Herpersviruses", Understanding Viruses, Wisconsin: Jones & Bartlett Learning, ISBN 978-1-284-02592-7
Fortuine 2000, p. 53 Fortuine, Robert (2000), The Words of Medicine: Sources, Meanings, and Delights, Springfield: Charles C Thomas Publisher, p. 53, ISBN 0398071322

cdc.gov (Global: 218^th place; English: 212^th place)

"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". 11 February 2020.
CDC (11 February 2020). "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2 February 2022.

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

New study shows what happens when we flush a lidless toilet | CNN. 19 December 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2024 – via www.cnn.com.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Kraay ANM; Hayashi MAL; Berendes, D. M.; Sobolik, J. S.; Leon, J. S.; Lopman, B. A. (2021). "Risk for Fomite-Mediated Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Child Daycares, Schools, Nursing Homes, and Offices". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 27 (4): 1229–1231. doi:10.3201/eid2704.203631. PMC 8007300. PMID 33755002.
Lawrence, Philip; Danet, Nicolas; Reynard, Olivier; Volchkova, Valentina; Volchkov, Viktor (February 2017). "Human transmission of Ebola virus". Current Opinion in Virology. 22: 51–58. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2016.11.013. PMID 28012412.
McGovern, B.; Doyle, E.; Fenelon, L. E.; et al. (1 June 2010). "The necktie as a potential vector of infection: are doctors happy to do without?". Journal of Hospital Infection. 75 (2): 138–139. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.12.008. ISSN 0195-6701. PMID 20299125. [...] in any care activity that involves contact with patients, as [neckties] serve no beneficial function in patient care, are rarely laundered and have been shown to be colonised by pathogens. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were found on two of five neckties of doctors working in an intensive care unit, and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from eight of 40 doctors' ties in a Scottish hospital.
Boone, Stephanie A.; Gerba, Charles P. (2007). "Significance of Fomites in the Spread of Respiratory and Enteric Viral Disease". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 73 (6): 1687–1696. Bibcode:2007ApEnM..73.1687B. doi:10.1128/AEM.02051-06. PMC 1828811. PMID 17220247.
Abad, F. X.; R. M. Pintó; A. Bosch (October 1994). "Survival of enteric viruses on environmental fomites". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 60 (10): 3704–10. Bibcode:1994ApEnM..60.3704A. doi:10.1128/AEM.60.10.3704-3710.1994. PMC 201876. PMID 7986043.
Pope, Theodore W.; Peter T. Ender; William K. Woelk; Michael A. Koroscil; Thomas M. Koroscil (December 2002). "Bacterial contamination of paper currency". Southern Medical Journal. 95 (12): 1408–10. doi:10.1097/00007611-200295120-00011. PMID 12597308. S2CID 8477487.
van Doremalen, Neeltje; Bushmaker, Trenton; Morris, Dylan H.; et al. (16 April 2020). "Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1". New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (16): 1564–1567. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2004973. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 7121658. PMID 32182409.
Lewis, Dyani (2021). "COVID-19 rarely spreads through surfaces. So why are we still deep cleaning?". Nature. 590 (7844): 26–28. Bibcode:2021Natur.590...26L. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00251-4. PMID 33514939. S2CID 231765058.
Mondelli, Mario U.; Colaneri, Marta; Seminari, Elena M.; Baldanti, Fausto; Bruno, Raffaele (2021). "Low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by fomites in real-life conditions". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 21 (5): e112. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30678-2. PMC 7524520. PMID 33007224. S2CID 222002135.
Nutton, Vivian (1990). "The Reception of Fracastoro's Theory of Contagion: The Seed That Fell among Thorns?". Osiris. 2nd Series, Vol. 6, Renaissance Medical Learning: Evolution of a Tradition. University of Chicago Press: 196–234. doi:10.1086/368701. JSTOR 301787. PMID 11612689. S2CID 37260514.

gasdetection.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Shaw, Michael (27 November 2006). "Never Heard Of Fomites? You'd Better Learn About Them!". gasdetection.com.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Boone, Stephanie A.; Gerba, Charles P. (2007). "Significance of Fomites in the Spread of Respiratory and Enteric Viral Disease". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 73 (6): 1687–1696. Bibcode:2007ApEnM..73.1687B. doi:10.1128/AEM.02051-06. PMC 1828811. PMID 17220247.
Abad, F. X.; R. M. Pintó; A. Bosch (October 1994). "Survival of enteric viruses on environmental fomites". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 60 (10): 3704–10. Bibcode:1994ApEnM..60.3704A. doi:10.1128/AEM.60.10.3704-3710.1994. PMC 201876. PMID 7986043.
Lewis, Dyani (2021). "COVID-19 rarely spreads through surfaces. So why are we still deep cleaning?". Nature. 590 (7844): 26–28. Bibcode:2021Natur.590...26L. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00251-4. PMID 33514939. S2CID 231765058.

journalofhospitalinfection.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

McGovern, B.; Doyle, E.; Fenelon, L. E.; et al. (1 June 2010). "The necktie as a potential vector of infection: are doctors happy to do without?". Journal of Hospital Infection. 75 (2): 138–139. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.12.008. ISSN 0195-6701. PMID 20299125. [...] in any care activity that involves contact with patients, as [neckties] serve no beneficial function in patient care, are rarely laundered and have been shown to be colonised by pathogens. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were found on two of five neckties of doctors working in an intensive care unit, and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from eight of 40 doctors' ties in a Scottish hospital.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Nutton, Vivian (1990). "The Reception of Fracastoro's Theory of Contagion: The Seed That Fell among Thorns?". Osiris. 2nd Series, Vol. 6, Renaissance Medical Learning: Evolution of a Tradition. University of Chicago Press: 196–234. doi:10.1086/368701. JSTOR 301787. PMID 11612689. S2CID 37260514.

mayoclinic.org (Global: 1,610^th place; English: 1,279^th place)

"Hepatitis B". mayoclinic.org.

medrxiv.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sobolik, J. S.; Sajewski, E. T.; Jaykus, L. A.; Cooper, D. K.; Lopman, B. A.; Kraay, A. N.; Ryan, P. B.; Guest, J. L.; Webb-Girard, A.; Leon, J. S. (2021). "Low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via fomite, even in cold-chain". medRxiv 10.1101/2021.08.23.21262477.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

"fomite". Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 16 June 2023.

microblogology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cramer, Lorraine (1 September 2011). "Fomites, fomites, fomites!". Microblogology. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2019.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kraay ANM; Hayashi MAL; Berendes, D. M.; Sobolik, J. S.; Leon, J. S.; Lopman, B. A. (2021). "Risk for Fomite-Mediated Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Child Daycares, Schools, Nursing Homes, and Offices". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 27 (4): 1229–1231. doi:10.3201/eid2704.203631. PMC 8007300. PMID 33755002.
Lawrence, Philip; Danet, Nicolas; Reynard, Olivier; Volchkova, Valentina; Volchkov, Viktor (February 2017). "Human transmission of Ebola virus". Current Opinion in Virology. 22: 51–58. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2016.11.013. PMID 28012412.
McGovern, B.; Doyle, E.; Fenelon, L. E.; et al. (1 June 2010). "The necktie as a potential vector of infection: are doctors happy to do without?". Journal of Hospital Infection. 75 (2): 138–139. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.12.008. ISSN 0195-6701. PMID 20299125. [...] in any care activity that involves contact with patients, as [neckties] serve no beneficial function in patient care, are rarely laundered and have been shown to be colonised by pathogens. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were found on two of five neckties of doctors working in an intensive care unit, and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from eight of 40 doctors' ties in a Scottish hospital.
Boone, Stephanie A.; Gerba, Charles P. (2007). "Significance of Fomites in the Spread of Respiratory and Enteric Viral Disease". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 73 (6): 1687–1696. Bibcode:2007ApEnM..73.1687B. doi:10.1128/AEM.02051-06. PMC 1828811. PMID 17220247.
Abad, F. X.; R. M. Pintó; A. Bosch (October 1994). "Survival of enteric viruses on environmental fomites". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 60 (10): 3704–10. Bibcode:1994ApEnM..60.3704A. doi:10.1128/AEM.60.10.3704-3710.1994. PMC 201876. PMID 7986043.
Pope, Theodore W.; Peter T. Ender; William K. Woelk; Michael A. Koroscil; Thomas M. Koroscil (December 2002). "Bacterial contamination of paper currency". Southern Medical Journal. 95 (12): 1408–10. doi:10.1097/00007611-200295120-00011. PMID 12597308. S2CID 8477487.
van Doremalen, Neeltje; Bushmaker, Trenton; Morris, Dylan H.; et al. (16 April 2020). "Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1". New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (16): 1564–1567. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2004973. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 7121658. PMID 32182409.
Lewis, Dyani (2021). "COVID-19 rarely spreads through surfaces. So why are we still deep cleaning?". Nature. 590 (7844): 26–28. Bibcode:2021Natur.590...26L. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00251-4. PMID 33514939. S2CID 231765058.
Mondelli, Mario U.; Colaneri, Marta; Seminari, Elena M.; Baldanti, Fausto; Bruno, Raffaele (2021). "Low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by fomites in real-life conditions". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 21 (5): e112. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30678-2. PMC 7524520. PMID 33007224. S2CID 222002135.
Donald K. Milton (29 November 2012). "What was the primary mode of smallpox transmission? Implications for biodefense". Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2 (150): 150. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2012.00150. PMC 3509329. PMID 23226686.
Nutton, Vivian (1990). "The Reception of Fracastoro's Theory of Contagion: The Seed That Fell among Thorns?". Osiris. 2nd Series, Vol. 6, Renaissance Medical Learning: Evolution of a Tradition. University of Chicago Press: 196–234. doi:10.1086/368701. JSTOR 301787. PMID 11612689. S2CID 37260514.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kraay ANM; Hayashi MAL; Berendes, D. M.; Sobolik, J. S.; Leon, J. S.; Lopman, B. A. (2021). "Risk for Fomite-Mediated Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Child Daycares, Schools, Nursing Homes, and Offices". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 27 (4): 1229–1231. doi:10.3201/eid2704.203631. PMC 8007300. PMID 33755002.
Boone, Stephanie A.; Gerba, Charles P. (2007). "Significance of Fomites in the Spread of Respiratory and Enteric Viral Disease". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 73 (6): 1687–1696. Bibcode:2007ApEnM..73.1687B. doi:10.1128/AEM.02051-06. PMC 1828811. PMID 17220247.
Abad, F. X.; R. M. Pintó; A. Bosch (October 1994). "Survival of enteric viruses on environmental fomites". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 60 (10): 3704–10. Bibcode:1994ApEnM..60.3704A. doi:10.1128/AEM.60.10.3704-3710.1994. PMC 201876. PMID 7986043.
van Doremalen, Neeltje; Bushmaker, Trenton; Morris, Dylan H.; et al. (16 April 2020). "Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1". New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (16): 1564–1567. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2004973. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 7121658. PMID 32182409.
Mondelli, Mario U.; Colaneri, Marta; Seminari, Elena M.; Baldanti, Fausto; Bruno, Raffaele (2021). "Low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by fomites in real-life conditions". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 21 (5): e112. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30678-2. PMC 7524520. PMID 33007224. S2CID 222002135.

nlm.nih.gov

A.R. Rao, Smallpox, KBD, Bombay, 1972, pp.86-89, 91-92, and 95.

oed.com (Global: 360^th place; English: 231^st place)

"fomes". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
"fomite". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Pope, Theodore W.; Peter T. Ender; William K. Woelk; Michael A. Koroscil; Thomas M. Koroscil (December 2002). "Bacterial contamination of paper currency". Southern Medical Journal. 95 (12): 1408–10. doi:10.1097/00007611-200295120-00011. PMID 12597308. S2CID 8477487.
Lewis, Dyani (2021). "COVID-19 rarely spreads through surfaces. So why are we still deep cleaning?". Nature. 590 (7844): 26–28. Bibcode:2021Natur.590...26L. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00251-4. PMID 33514939. S2CID 231765058.
Mondelli, Mario U.; Colaneri, Marta; Seminari, Elena M.; Baldanti, Fausto; Bruno, Raffaele (2021). "Low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by fomites in real-life conditions". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 21 (5): e112. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30678-2. PMC 7524520. PMID 33007224. S2CID 222002135.
Nutton, Vivian (1990). "The Reception of Fracastoro's Theory of Contagion: The Seed That Fell among Thorns?". Osiris. 2nd Series, Vol. 6, Renaissance Medical Learning: Evolution of a Tradition. University of Chicago Press: 196–234. doi:10.1086/368701. JSTOR 301787. PMID 11612689. S2CID 37260514.

upenn.edu (Global: 702^nd place; English: 520^th place)

itre.cis.upenn.edu

"Language Log: Fomite: panacea or backformation?". itre.cis.upenn.edu.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Cramer, Lorraine (1 September 2011). "Fomites, fomites, fomites!". Microblogology. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2019.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

McGovern, B.; Doyle, E.; Fenelon, L. E.; et al. (1 June 2010). "The necktie as a potential vector of infection: are doctors happy to do without?". Journal of Hospital Infection. 75 (2): 138–139. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.12.008. ISSN 0195-6701. PMID 20299125. [...] in any care activity that involves contact with patients, as [neckties] serve no beneficial function in patient care, are rarely laundered and have been shown to be colonised by pathogens. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were found on two of five neckties of doctors working in an intensive care unit, and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from eight of 40 doctors' ties in a Scottish hospital.
van Doremalen, Neeltje; Bushmaker, Trenton; Morris, Dylan H.; et al. (16 April 2020). "Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1". New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (16): 1564–1567. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2004973. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 7121658. PMID 32182409.

Fomite (English Wikipedia)

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