Francis Scott Key (English Wikipedia)

Skinner, John Stuart. "Incidents of the War of 1812" From The Baltimore Patriot, May 23, 1849. Reprinted: Maryland Historical Magazine, Baltimore. Volume 32, 1937. (pp. 340–347)
Twain, Mark (2010). The Autobiography of Mark Twain, Volume One. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 566. ISBN 978-0-520-26719-0.

baltimoreheritage.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

explore.baltimoreheritage.org

Hopkins, Johns. "Francis Scott Key Monument". Explore Baltimore Heritage. Archived from the original on February 21, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

baltimoresun.com (Global: 588^th place; English: 292^nd place)

Wood, Pamela (August 14, 2014). "Francis Scott Key legacy lives on in Frederick". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018. Maryland's first governor, Thomas Johnson, is buried there, as is Barbara Fritchie

barbarafritchie.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"History". Barbara Fritchie House. Archived from the original on September 3, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018. She was a friend of Francis Scott Key

bookrags.com (Global: 5,823^rd place; English: 4,904^th place)

"Francis Scott Key | Biography". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Archived from the original on April 4, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2012.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Leepson, Marc, What so Proudly We Hailed: Francis Scott Key, a life (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), Appendix A, p. 202
Lane, Julian C. (2009). Key and Allied Families. Genealogical Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8063-4977-0.
Gregson, Susan R. (2003). Francis Scott Key: Patriotic Poet. Capstone. ISBN 978-0-7368-1554-3.
Leepson, Marc (2014). What So Proudly We Hailed: Francis Scott Key, A Life. St. Martin's Publishing Group. pp. 26, 222. ISBN 9781137278289.
Delaplaine, Edward S. (2012) [1937 by The Biography Press]. Francis Scott Key: Life and Times. Heritage Books. p. 449. ISBN 978-1-5854-9685-3.
The Ultimate Minor League Baseball Road Trip: A Fan's Guide to AAA, AA, A, and Independent League Stadiums. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781599216270.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Francis Scott Key | American lawyer". Britannica. Archived from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
Leepson, Marc (July 28, 2021). "Francis Scott Key | American lawyer". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on August 27, 2021. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
"Francis Scott Key | American lawyer". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.

c-span.org (Global: 2,939^th place; English: 1,651^st place)

Vaise, Vince (Chief Park Ranger, Fort McHenry). "Birth of the Star Spangled Banner Archived April 3, 2023, at the Wayback Machine" Video tour from Fort McHenry. American History TV: American Artifacts, C-Span – August 2014

chorusamerica.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Clague, Mark (June 5, 2014). "Star-Spangled Mythbusting". Chorus America. Archived from the original on September 13, 2021. Retrieved September 13, 2021.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

edition.cnn.com

"The unexpected connection between slavery, NFL protests and the national anthem". CNN. Archived from the original on August 10, 2018. Retrieved August 9, 2018.

constitutioncenter.org (Global: 8,495^th place; English: 5,470^th place)

Clague, Mark (September 14, 2016). "Separating fact from fiction about 'The Star-Spangled Banner'". National Constitution Center. Archived from the original on March 31, 2022. Retrieved July 4, 2022.

dbknews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The name Byrd Stadium is no more, but other UMD buildings have discriminatory namesakes, too". The Diamondback. Retrieved November 3, 2017.

episcopalchurch.org (Global: low place; English: 6,345^th place)

"A–Z Glossary: Key, Francis Scott". An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church. The Episcopal Church. Retrieved June 5, 2020.

francisscottkeyschool.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Francis Scott Key Elementary School, San Francisco, CA". Archived from the original on April 26, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2009.

fredericknewspost.com (Global: low place; English: 6,282^nd place)

Gardener, Karen (July 1, 2012). "The Ballad of 'Barbara Frietchie:' Is her story truth, fiction or somewhere in between?". The Frederick News-Post. Archived from the original on October 29, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

gwu.edu (Global: 1,486^th place; English: 945^th place)

living.gwu.edu

"Francis Scott Key (FSK) Hall | GW Housing | Division of Student Affairs". The George Washington University. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.

hathitrust.org (Global: 296^th place; English: 153^rd place)

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Tayloe, Walter Randolph (1963). The Tayloes of Virginia And Allied Families. Berryville, Virginia. p. 5. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

heritagepreservation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Restored Key Monument Rededicated". Heritage Preservation. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved April 26, 2011. Charles Marburg gave $25,000 to his brother Theodore to commission a monument to his favorite poet, Francis Scott Key. The French sculptor Marius Jean Antonin Mercie was the selected artist. At the time, Mercié was known for European sculptures and the Robert E. Lee (1890) equestrian bronze in Richmond, Virginia, and collaboration with General Lafayette (1891) in the District of Columbia.

hmdb.org (Global: 3,232^nd place; English: 1,547^th place)

Francis Scott Key Park Marker Archived October 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Hmdb.org. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
"Francis Scott Key Park". Historical Marker Database. February 23, 2006. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2008.

hofmag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Penton, Kemberly (September 14, 2016). "Remembering Francis Scott Key: The Man Behind America's National Anthem 'The Star-Spangled Banner'". Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2018.

huffpost.com (Global: 558^th place; English: 364^th place)

Morley, Jefferson (September 2, 2012). "'Land of the Free?' Francis Scott Key, Composer of National Anthem, Was Defender of Slavery". HuffPost. Archived from the original on September 23, 2019. Retrieved September 23, 2019.

hymntime.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Francis Scott Key". The Cyber Hymnal. Archived from the original on January 19, 2022. Retrieved March 29, 2022.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

"'Star Spangled Banner,' Key and Chief Justice Taney – Did Taney Make a Pre-Nuptial Agreement with His Wife?". The American Catholic Historical Researches. 8 (1). American Catholic Historical Society: 87–90. January 1912. JSTOR 44375033. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
Key Smith, F. S. (1909). "A Sketch of Francis Scott Key, with a Glimpse of His Ancestors". Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C. 12: 71–88. JSTOR 40066994. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

The trial of Reuben Crandall, M.D. : charged with publishing seditious libels, by circulating the publications of the American Anti-Slavery Society, before the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia, held at Washington, in April, 1836, occupying the court the period of ten days. New York: H. R. Piercy. 1836. p. 43. Archived from the original on September 2, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2022.

maryland.gov (Global: 1,298^th place; English: 569^th place)

msa.maryland.gov

"George Howard (1789–1846)". The Governors of Maryland 1777–1970. Annapolis: The Hall of Records Commission. 1970. pp. 101–104. Archived from the original on April 8, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2021 – via Archives of Maryland. the Howard family vault in Old St. Paul's Cemetery where ... John Eager Howard is also buried

mdta.maryland.gov

"Francis Scott Key Bridge (I-695)". Maryland Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved September 10, 2019.

mountolivethistory.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Friends of Mount Olivet Cemetery. "Francis Scott Key". Mount Olive History. Retrieved September 12, 2021.

noehill.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"San Francisco Landmark 96: Francis Scott Key Monument, Golden Gate Park". Noehill in San Francisco. Archived from the original on February 20, 2008. Retrieved February 17, 2008.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

"Key Monument Unveiled". The New York Times. August 10, 1898. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
"Francis Scott Key". The New York Times. March 14, 1897. Archived from the original on April 5, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2008. Francis Scott Key, the author of "The Star-Spangled Banner," is to have a monument erected to his memory by the citizens of Baltimore, Md., the city in which he died. The monument will be in the form of a bronze statue of heroic size, with a suitable pedestal – the work of Alexander Doyle, a sculptor of this city. ... There is a monument to Key in Golden Gate Park. It was executed by William W. Story ...

ohiocivilwarcentral.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"George Hunt Pendleton". Ohio Civil War Central. March 2012. Archived from the original on November 25, 2015. Retrieved June 26, 2012.

opensfhistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Woods, Arnold (April 19, 2020). "The Wandering Key: A Closer Look". OpenSFHistory. Western Neighborhoods Project. Retrieved February 24, 2025. recently received a $140,000 renovation

poemhunter.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Francis Scott Key – Francis Scott Key Biography". Poem Hunter. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018.^{[self-published source]}

pqarchiver.com (Global: 846^th place; English: 502^nd place)

pqasb.pqarchiver.com

"Assassination of Philip Barton Key, by Daniel E. Sickles of New York". Hartford Daily Courant. March 1, 1959. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2010.

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

Goldberg, Barbara (June 11, 2021). "'Reckoning' with slavery: toppled Francis Scott Key statue replaced by African figures". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2021.

sfgate.com (Global: 248^th place; English: 142^nd place)

"Protest updates: Protesters tear down 2 statues in Golden Gate Park". San Francisco Chronicle. June 20, 2020. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.

shopfskmall.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Francis Scott Key Mall". Retrieved April 7, 2018.

sjc.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Annapolis Concerts – Community Events – Music". St. John's College. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2017.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

Lineberry, Cate (March 1, 2007). "The Story Behind the Star Spangled Banner". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
"Where's the Debate on Francis Scott Key's Slave-Holding Legacy?". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
"Francis Scott Key, the Reluctant Patriot". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.

songhall.org (Global: 9,507^th place; English: 8,224^th place)

"Francis Scott Key". Songwriters Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2017.

starspangledmusic.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"An Erroneous Francis Scott Key Quote". Star Spangled Music Foundation. June 26, 2020. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2020. In response to a question asking why some Colonizationists thought that slaves should not be emancipated, Key says (as reprinted in an 1839 pamphlet by Augustus Palmer): "It is, I believe, universally so thought by them. I never heard a contrary opinion, except that some conceived, some time ago, that the territory of our country, to the West, might be set apart for them. But few, comparatively adopted this idea; and I never hear it advocated now. This opinion is founded on the conviction that their labor, however it might be needed, could not be secured, but by a severer system of constraint than that of slavery—that they would constitute a distinct and inferior race of people, which all experience proves to be the greatest evil that could afflict a community. I do not suppose, however, that they would object to their reception in the free States, if they chose to make preparations for their comfortable settlement among them."

thebeaconnewspapers.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sorgen, Carol (October 2, 2014). "Becoming Mr. And Mrs. Francis Scott Key". The Beacon. Archived from the original on November 3, 2023. Retrieved September 13, 2021.

theglobalist.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Morley, Jefferson (July 5, 2013). "What role did the famous author of "The Star-Spangled Banner" play in the debate over American slavery?". The Globalist. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

content.time.com

"Letters: Nov. 4, 1929". Time. November 4, 1929. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved June 16, 2024.

tshaonline.org (Global: 866^th place; English: 461^st place)

Sam Houston Archived April 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Handbook of Texas Online.

washingtonexaminer.com (Global: 3,006^th place; English: 1,704^th place)

"Francis Scott Key's life was a lot more complicated than just writing The Star-Spangled Banner". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 9, 2018.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Penton, Kemberly (September 14, 2016). "Remembering Francis Scott Key: The Man Behind America's National Anthem 'The Star-Spangled Banner'". Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
Lineberry, Cate (March 1, 2007). "The Story Behind the Star Spangled Banner". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
"Where's the Debate on Francis Scott Key's Slave-Holding Legacy?". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
"The unexpected connection between slavery, NFL protests and the national anthem". CNN. Archived from the original on August 10, 2018. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
"Francis Scott Key | American lawyer". Britannica. Archived from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
Key Smith, F. S. (1909). "A Sketch of Francis Scott Key, with a Glimpse of His Ancestors". Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C. 12: 71–88. JSTOR 40066994. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
Tayloe, Walter Randolph (1963). The Tayloes of Virginia And Allied Families. Berryville, Virginia. p. 5. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Sorgen, Carol (October 2, 2014). "Becoming Mr. And Mrs. Francis Scott Key". The Beacon. Archived from the original on November 3, 2023. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
Leepson, Marc (July 28, 2021). "Francis Scott Key | American lawyer". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on August 27, 2021. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
Clague, Mark (September 14, 2016). "Separating fact from fiction about 'The Star-Spangled Banner'". National Constitution Center. Archived from the original on March 31, 2022. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
Vaise, Vince (Chief Park Ranger, Fort McHenry). "Birth of the Star Spangled Banner Archived April 3, 2023, at the Wayback Machine" Video tour from Fort McHenry. American History TV: American Artifacts, C-Span – August 2014
Clague, Mark (June 5, 2014). "Star-Spangled Mythbusting". Chorus America. Archived from the original on September 13, 2021. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
Sam Houston Archived April 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Handbook of Texas Online.
"Francis Scott Key | American lawyer". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
"Francis Scott Key | Biography". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Archived from the original on April 4, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
Morley, Jefferson (September 2, 2012). "'Land of the Free?' Francis Scott Key, Composer of National Anthem, Was Defender of Slavery". HuffPost. Archived from the original on September 23, 2019. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
"An Erroneous Francis Scott Key Quote". Star Spangled Music Foundation. June 26, 2020. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2020. In response to a question asking why some Colonizationists thought that slaves should not be emancipated, Key says (as reprinted in an 1839 pamphlet by Augustus Palmer): "It is, I believe, universally so thought by them. I never heard a contrary opinion, except that some conceived, some time ago, that the territory of our country, to the West, might be set apart for them. But few, comparatively adopted this idea; and I never hear it advocated now. This opinion is founded on the conviction that their labor, however it might be needed, could not be secured, but by a severer system of constraint than that of slavery—that they would constitute a distinct and inferior race of people, which all experience proves to be the greatest evil that could afflict a community. I do not suppose, however, that they would object to their reception in the free States, if they chose to make preparations for their comfortable settlement among them."
"Francis Scott Key, the Reluctant Patriot". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
The trial of Reuben Crandall, M.D. : charged with publishing seditious libels, by circulating the publications of the American Anti-Slavery Society, before the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia, held at Washington, in April, 1836, occupying the court the period of ten days. New York: H. R. Piercy. 1836. p. 43. Archived from the original on September 2, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
Morley, Jefferson (July 5, 2013). "What role did the famous author of "The Star-Spangled Banner" play in the debate over American slavery?". The Globalist. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
"History of American Bible Society – American Bible Society". americanbible.org. Archived from the original on July 23, 2010. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
"George Howard (1789–1846)". The Governors of Maryland 1777–1970. Annapolis: The Hall of Records Commission. 1970. pp. 101–104. Archived from the original on April 8, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2021 – via Archives of Maryland. the Howard family vault in Old St. Paul's Cemetery where ... John Eager Howard is also buried
Francis Scott Key Park Marker Archived October 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Hmdb.org. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
"Francis Scott Key". The Cyber Hymnal. Archived from the original on January 19, 2022. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
"George Hunt Pendleton". Ohio Civil War Central. March 2012. Archived from the original on November 25, 2015. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
"Assassination of Philip Barton Key, by Daniel E. Sickles of New York". Hartford Daily Courant. March 1, 1959. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
"Francis Scott Key – Francis Scott Key Biography". Poem Hunter. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018.^{[self-published source]}
Hopkins, Johns. "Francis Scott Key Monument". Explore Baltimore Heritage. Archived from the original on February 21, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
"Restored Key Monument Rededicated". Heritage Preservation. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved April 26, 2011. Charles Marburg gave $25,000 to his brother Theodore to commission a monument to his favorite poet, Francis Scott Key. The French sculptor Marius Jean Antonin Mercie was the selected artist. At the time, Mercié was known for European sculptures and the Robert E. Lee (1890) equestrian bronze in Richmond, Virginia, and collaboration with General Lafayette (1891) in the District of Columbia.
"Francis Scott Key Park". Historical Marker Database. February 23, 2006. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
"Francis Scott Key Bridge (I-695)". Maryland Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
"Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore collapses after ship struck it, sending vehicles into water". March 26, 2024. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
"Annapolis Concerts – Community Events – Music". St. John's College. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
"Francis Scott Key". Songwriters Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
Wood, Pamela (August 14, 2014). "Francis Scott Key legacy lives on in Frederick". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018. Maryland's first governor, Thomas Johnson, is buried there, as is Barbara Fritchie
"History". Barbara Fritchie House. Archived from the original on September 3, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018. She was a friend of Francis Scott Key
Gardener, Karen (July 1, 2012). "The Ballad of 'Barbara Frietchie:' Is her story truth, fiction or somewhere in between?". The Frederick News-Post. Archived from the original on October 29, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
"Francis Scott Key (FSK) Hall | GW Housing | Division of Student Affairs". The George Washington University. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
"Francis Scott Key Elementary School, San Francisco, CA". Archived from the original on April 26, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
"Francis Scott Key". The New York Times. March 14, 1897. Archived from the original on April 5, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2008. Francis Scott Key, the author of "The Star-Spangled Banner," is to have a monument erected to his memory by the citizens of Baltimore, Md., the city in which he died. The monument will be in the form of a bronze statue of heroic size, with a suitable pedestal – the work of Alexander Doyle, a sculptor of this city. ... There is a monument to Key in Golden Gate Park. It was executed by William W. Story ...
"San Francisco Landmark 96: Francis Scott Key Monument, Golden Gate Park". Noehill in San Francisco. Archived from the original on February 20, 2008. Retrieved February 17, 2008.
"Protest updates: Protesters tear down 2 statues in Golden Gate Park". San Francisco Chronicle. June 20, 2020. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
Goldberg, Barbara (June 11, 2021). "'Reckoning' with slavery: toppled Francis Scott Key statue replaced by African figures". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2021.

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"Letters: Nov. 4, 1929". Time. November 4, 1929. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved June 16, 2024.

Francis Scott Key (English Wikipedia)

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washingtonexaminer.com (Global: 3,006^th place; English: 1,704^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)