Gigantopithecus (English Wikipedia)

Zhang, Y.; Harrison, T. (2017). "Gigantopithecus blacki: a giant ape from the Pleistocene of Asia revisited". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 162 (S63): 153–177. Bibcode:2017AJPA..162S.153Z. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23150. PMID 28105715.
Zhang, Yingqi; Westaway, Kira E.; Haberle, Simon; Lubeek, Juliën K.; Bailey, Marian; Ciochon, Russell; Morley, Mike W.; Roberts, Patrick; Zhao, Jian-xin; Duval, Mathieu; Dosseto, Anthony; Pan, Yue; Rule, Sue; Liao, Wei; Gully, Grant A.; Lucas, Mary; Mo, Jinyou; Yang, Liyun; Cai, Yanjun; Wang, Wei; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud (2024). "The demise of the giant ape Gigantopithecus blacki". Nature. 625 (7995): 535–539. Bibcode:2024Natur.625..535Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06900-0. PMC 10794149. PMID 38200315.
Welker, F.; Ramos-Madrigal, J.; Kuhlwilm, M.; et al. (2019). "Enamel proteome shows that Gigantopithecus was an early diverging pongine". Nature. 576 (7786): 262–265. Bibcode:2019Natur.576..262W. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1728-8. PMC 6908745. PMID 31723270.
Olejniczak, A. J.; et al. (2008). "Molar enamel thickness and dentine horn height in Gigantopithecus blacki" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 135 (1): 85–91. Bibcode:2008AJPA..135...85O. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20711. PMID 17941103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016.
Johnson, A. E. Jr. (1979). "Skeletal Estimates of Gigantopithecus Based on a Gorilla Analogy". Journal of Human Evolution. 8 (6): 585–587. Bibcode:1979JHumE...8..585J. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(79)90111-8.
Gayford, Joel H.; Engelman, Russell K.; Sternes, Phillip C.; Itano, Wayne M.; Bazzi, Mohamad; Collareta, Alberto; Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo; Shimada, Kenshu (2024). "Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals". Ecology and Evolution. 14 (9) e70218. Bibcode:2024EcoEv..1470218G. doi:10.1002/ece3.70218. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 11368419. PMID 39224151.
Dean, M. C.; Schrenk, F. (2003). "Enamel thickness and development in a third permanent molar of Gigantopithecus blacki". Journal of Human Evolution. 45 (5): 381–388. Bibcode:2003JHumE..45..381D. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.08.009. PMID 14624748.
Ciochon, R.; et al. (1996). "Dated Co-Occurrence of Homo erectus and Gigantopithecus from Tham Khuyen Cave, Vietnam". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (7): 3016–3020. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.3016C. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.7.3016. PMC 39753. PMID 8610161.
Kono, R. T.; Zhang, Y.; Jin, C.; Takai, M.; Suwa, G. (2014). "A 3-dimensional assessment of molar enamel thickness and distribution pattern in Gigantopithecus blacki". Quaternary International. 354: 46–51. Bibcode:2014QuInt.354...46K. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.02.012.
Shao, q.; Wang, Y.; et al. (2017). "U-series and ESR/U-series dating of the Stegodon–Ailuropoda fauna at Black Cave, Guangxi, southern China with implications for the timing of the extinction of Gigantopithecus blacki". Quaternary International. 434: 65–74. Bibcode:2017QuInt.434...65S. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.016.
Bocherens, H.; Schrenk, F.; Chaimanee, Y.; Kullmer, O.; Mörike, D.; Pushkina, D.; Jaeger, J.-J. (2017). "Flexibility of diet and habitat in Pleistocene South Asian mammals: Implications for the fate of the giant fossil ape Gigantopithecus". Quaternary International. 434: 148–155. Bibcode:2017QuInt.434..148B. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.059.
Kupczik, K.; Dean, M. C. (2008). "Comparative observations on the tooth root morphology of Gigantopithecus blacki". Journal of Human Evolution. 54 (2): 196–204. Bibcode:2008JHumE..54..196K. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.09.013. PMID 18045651.
Ciochon, R.; Piperno, D. R.; Thompson, R. G. (1990). "Opal phytoliths found on the teeth of the extinct ape Gigantopithecus blacki: implications for paleodietary studies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (20): 8120–8124. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.8120C. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.20.8120. PMC 54904. PMID 2236026.
Qu, Y.; Jin, C.; Zhang, Y.; et al. (2014). "Preservation assessments and carbon and oxygen isotopes analysis of tooth enamel of Gigantopithecus blacki and contemporary animals from Sanhe Cave, Chongzuo, South China during the Early Pleistocene". Quaternary International. 354: 52–58. Bibcode:2014QuInt.354...52Q. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.10.053.
Zhang, Y.; Kono, R. T.; Jin, C.; Wang, W.; Harrison, T. (2014). "Possible change in dental morphology in Gigantopithecus blacki just prior to its extinction: evidence from the upper premolar enamel–dentine junction". Journal of Human Evolution. 75: 166–171. Bibcode:2014JHumE..75..166Z. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.010. PMID 25063565.
Zhang, Y.; Kono, R. T.; Jin, C.; Wang, W.; et al. (2014). "New 400–320 ka Gigantopithecus blacki remains from Hejiang Cave, Chongzuo City, Guangxi, South China". Quaternary International. 354: 35–45. Bibcode:2014QuInt.354...35Z. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.12.008.
White, T. D. (1975). "Geomorphology to paleoecology: Gigantopithecus reappraised". Journal of Human Evolution. 4 (3): 219–233. Bibcode:1975JHumE...4..219W. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(75)90009-3.
Jin, C.; Wang, Y.; et al. (2014). "Chronological sequence of the early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus faunas from cave sites in the Chongzuo, Zuojiang River area, South China". Quaternary International. 354: 4–14. Bibcode:2014QuInt.354....4J. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.12.051.
Zhu, M.; Schubert, B. W.; Liu, J.; Wallace, S. C. (2014). "A new record of the saber-toothed cat Megantereon (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from an Early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus fauna, Yanliang Cave, Fusui, Guangxi, South China". Quaternary International. 354: 100–109. Bibcode:2014QuInt.354..100Z. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.06.052.
Ciochon, Russell L. (17 June 2009). "The mystery ape of Pleistocene Asia". Nature. 459 (7249): 910–911. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..910C. doi:10.1038/459910a. PMID 19536242.
Zanolli, Clément; Kullmer, Ottmar; Kelley, Jay; Bacon, Anne-Marie; Demeter, Fabrice; Dumoncel, Jean; Fiorenza, Luca; Grine, Frederick E.; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Nguyen, Anh Tuan; Nguyen, Thi Mai Huong (May 2019). "Evidence for increased hominid diversity in the Early to Middle Pleistocene of Indonesia" (PDF). Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (5): 755–764. Bibcode:2019NatEE...3..755Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0860-z. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30962558. S2CID 102353734. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
Sun, Fajun; Wang, Yang; Wang, Yuan; Jin, Chang-zhu; Deng, Tao; Wolff, Burt (15 June 2019). "Paleoecology of Pleistocene mammals and paleoclimatic change in South China: Evidence from stable carbon and oxygen isotopes". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 524: 1–12. Bibcode:2019PPP...524....1S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.021. S2CID 134558136. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022.
Zhao, L.X.; Zhang, L.Z. (12 February 2013). "New fossil evidence and diet analysis of Gigantopithecus blacki and its distribution and extinction in South China". Quaternary International. 286: 69–74. Bibcode:2013QuInt.286...69Z. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.12.016. ISSN 1040-6182.
Louys, J.; Roberts, P. (2020). "Environmental Drivers of Megafauna and Hominin Extinction in South East Asia". Nature. 586 (7829): 402–406. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..402L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2810-y. hdl:10072/402368. PMID 33029012. S2CID 222217295.

anthonyolejniczak.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Olejniczak, A. J.; et al. (2008). "Molar enamel thickness and dentine horn height in Gigantopithecus blacki" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 135 (1): 85–91. Bibcode:2008AJPA..135...85O. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20711. PMID 17941103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Weidenreich, F. (1946). Apes, Giants, and Man. University of Chicago Press. pp. 58–66.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Hartwig, W. C. (2002). The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press. pp. 371–372. ISBN 0-521-66315-6.
Szalay, F.; Delson, E. (1979). Evolutionary History of the Primates. Academic Press. pp. 493–494. ISBN 1-4832-8925-7.

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

"Definition of gigantopithecus | Dictionary.com". dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Zhang, Y.; Harrison, T. (2017). "Gigantopithecus blacki: a giant ape from the Pleistocene of Asia revisited". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 162 (S63): 153–177. Bibcode:2017AJPA..162S.153Z. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23150. PMID 28105715.
Zhang, Y. (2024). "Review and perspective of the ninety years in quest of Gigantopithecus blacki". Acta Anthropologica Sinica (in Chinese). 43 (6): 1006–1026. doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0094.
Zhang, Y.; Jin, C.; et al. (2015). "A fourth mandible and associated dental remains of Gigantopithecus blacki from the Early Pleistocene Yanliang Cave, Fusui, Guangxi, South China". Historical Biology. 28 (1–2): 95–104. doi:10.1080/08912963.2015.1024115. S2CID 130928802.
Sofwan, N.; et al. (2016). "Primata Besar di Jawa: Spesimen Baru Gigantopithecus dari Semedo" [Giant Primate of Java: A new Gigantopithecus specimen from Semedo]. Berkala Arkeologi. 36 (2): 141–160. doi:10.30883/jba.v36i2.241.
Zhang, Yingqi; Westaway, Kira E.; Haberle, Simon; Lubeek, Juliën K.; Bailey, Marian; Ciochon, Russell; Morley, Mike W.; Roberts, Patrick; Zhao, Jian-xin; Duval, Mathieu; Dosseto, Anthony; Pan, Yue; Rule, Sue; Liao, Wei; Gully, Grant A.; Lucas, Mary; Mo, Jinyou; Yang, Liyun; Cai, Yanjun; Wang, Wei; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud (2024). "The demise of the giant ape Gigantopithecus blacki". Nature. 625 (7995): 535–539. Bibcode:2024Natur.625..535Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06900-0. PMC 10794149. PMID 38200315.
Welker, F.; Ramos-Madrigal, J.; Kuhlwilm, M.; et al. (2019). "Enamel proteome shows that Gigantopithecus was an early diverging pongine". Nature. 576 (7786): 262–265. Bibcode:2019Natur.576..262W. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1728-8. PMC 6908745. PMID 31723270.
Olejniczak, A. J.; et al. (2008). "Molar enamel thickness and dentine horn height in Gigantopithecus blacki" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 135 (1): 85–91. Bibcode:2008AJPA..135...85O. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20711. PMID 17941103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016.
Johnson, A. E. Jr. (1979). "Skeletal Estimates of Gigantopithecus Based on a Gorilla Analogy". Journal of Human Evolution. 8 (6): 585–587. Bibcode:1979JHumE...8..585J. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(79)90111-8.
Gayford, Joel H.; Engelman, Russell K.; Sternes, Phillip C.; Itano, Wayne M.; Bazzi, Mohamad; Collareta, Alberto; Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo; Shimada, Kenshu (2024). "Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals". Ecology and Evolution. 14 (9) e70218. Bibcode:2024EcoEv..1470218G. doi:10.1002/ece3.70218. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 11368419. PMID 39224151.
Dean, M. C.; Schrenk, F. (2003). "Enamel thickness and development in a third permanent molar of Gigantopithecus blacki". Journal of Human Evolution. 45 (5): 381–388. Bibcode:2003JHumE..45..381D. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.08.009. PMID 14624748.
Ciochon, R.; et al. (1996). "Dated Co-Occurrence of Homo erectus and Gigantopithecus from Tham Khuyen Cave, Vietnam". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (7): 3016–3020. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.3016C. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.7.3016. PMC 39753. PMID 8610161.
Kono, R. T.; Zhang, Y.; Jin, C.; Takai, M.; Suwa, G. (2014). "A 3-dimensional assessment of molar enamel thickness and distribution pattern in Gigantopithecus blacki". Quaternary International. 354: 46–51. Bibcode:2014QuInt.354...46K. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.02.012.
Shao, q.; Wang, Y.; et al. (2017). "U-series and ESR/U-series dating of the Stegodon–Ailuropoda fauna at Black Cave, Guangxi, southern China with implications for the timing of the extinction of Gigantopithecus blacki". Quaternary International. 434: 65–74. Bibcode:2017QuInt.434...65S. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.016.
Bocherens, H.; Schrenk, F.; Chaimanee, Y.; Kullmer, O.; Mörike, D.; Pushkina, D.; Jaeger, J.-J. (2017). "Flexibility of diet and habitat in Pleistocene South Asian mammals: Implications for the fate of the giant fossil ape Gigantopithecus". Quaternary International. 434: 148–155. Bibcode:2017QuInt.434..148B. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.059.
Kupczik, K.; Dean, M. C. (2008). "Comparative observations on the tooth root morphology of Gigantopithecus blacki". Journal of Human Evolution. 54 (2): 196–204. Bibcode:2008JHumE..54..196K. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.09.013. PMID 18045651.
Ciochon, R.; Piperno, D. R.; Thompson, R. G. (1990). "Opal phytoliths found on the teeth of the extinct ape Gigantopithecus blacki: implications for paleodietary studies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (20): 8120–8124. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.8120C. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.20.8120. PMC 54904. PMID 2236026.
Qu, Y.; Jin, C.; Zhang, Y.; et al. (2014). "Preservation assessments and carbon and oxygen isotopes analysis of tooth enamel of Gigantopithecus blacki and contemporary animals from Sanhe Cave, Chongzuo, South China during the Early Pleistocene". Quaternary International. 354: 52–58. Bibcode:2014QuInt.354...52Q. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.10.053.
Hu, Yaowu; Jiang, Quyi; Liu, Fang; Guo, Lin; Zhang, Zhaofeng; Zhao, Lingxia (15 April 2022). "Calcium isotope ecology of early Gigantopithecus blacki (∼2 Ma) in South China". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 584 117522. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117522. Retrieved 14 January 2026 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
Zhang, Y.; Kono, R. T.; Jin, C.; Wang, W.; Harrison, T. (2014). "Possible change in dental morphology in Gigantopithecus blacki just prior to its extinction: evidence from the upper premolar enamel–dentine junction". Journal of Human Evolution. 75: 166–171. Bibcode:2014JHumE..75..166Z. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.010. PMID 25063565.
Zhang, Y.; Kono, R. T.; Jin, C.; Wang, W.; et al. (2014). "New 400–320 ka Gigantopithecus blacki remains from Hejiang Cave, Chongzuo City, Guangxi, South China". Quaternary International. 354: 35–45. Bibcode:2014QuInt.354...35Z. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.12.008.
Pei, Wen-chung (1957). "Giant ape's jaw bone discovered in China". American Anthropologist. 59 (5): 834–838. doi:10.1525/aa.1957.59.5.02a00080.
White, T. D. (1975). "Geomorphology to paleoecology: Gigantopithecus reappraised". Journal of Human Evolution. 4 (3): 219–233. Bibcode:1975JHumE...4..219W. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(75)90009-3.
Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; de Souza, Janaina Sena; Arora, Manish; Austin, Christine; Westaway, Kira; Moffat, Ian; Wang, Wei; Liao, Wei; Zhang, Yingqi; Adams, Justin W.; Fiorenza, Luca; Dérognat, Flora; Moncel, Marie-Helene; Schwartz, Gary T.; Bailey, Marian; dos Santos, Filipe F.; Guardia, Gabriela D. A.; Mercuri, Rafael L. V.; Galante, Pedro A. F.; Martins, Aline M. A.; Tsu, Blake L.; Barnes, Christopher A.; Yates, John; Petroski, Luiz Pedro; Sanchez-Sanchez, Sandra M.; Oviedo, Jose; Herai, Roberto H.; Lemos, Bernardo; Tonge, Matthew; Muotri, Alysson R. (2025). "Impact of intermittent lead exposure on hominid brain evolution". Science Advances. 11 (42) eadr1524. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr1524. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 12527068. PMID 41091888.
Jin, C.; Wang, Y.; et al. (2014). "Chronological sequence of the early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus faunas from cave sites in the Chongzuo, Zuojiang River area, South China". Quaternary International. 354: 4–14. Bibcode:2014QuInt.354....4J. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.12.051.
Zhu, M.; Schubert, B. W.; Liu, J.; Wallace, S. C. (2014). "A new record of the saber-toothed cat Megantereon (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from an Early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus fauna, Yanliang Cave, Fusui, Guangxi, South China". Quaternary International. 354: 100–109. Bibcode:2014QuInt.354..100Z. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.06.052.
Ciochon, Russell L. (17 June 2009). "The mystery ape of Pleistocene Asia". Nature. 459 (7249): 910–911. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..910C. doi:10.1038/459910a. PMID 19536242.
Zanolli, Clément; Kullmer, Ottmar; Kelley, Jay; Bacon, Anne-Marie; Demeter, Fabrice; Dumoncel, Jean; Fiorenza, Luca; Grine, Frederick E.; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Nguyen, Anh Tuan; Nguyen, Thi Mai Huong (May 2019). "Evidence for increased hominid diversity in the Early to Middle Pleistocene of Indonesia" (PDF). Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (5): 755–764. Bibcode:2019NatEE...3..755Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0860-z. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30962558. S2CID 102353734. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
Lopatin, A. V.; Maschenko, E. N.; Dac, Le Xuan (2022). "Gigantopithecus blacki (Primates, Ponginae) from the Lang Trang Cave (Northern Vietnam): The Latest Gigantopithecus in the Late Pleistocene?". Doklady Biological Sciences. 502 (1): 6–10. doi:10.1134/S0012496622010069. ISSN 0012-4966. PMID 35298746. S2CID 254413457.
Sun, Fajun; Wang, Yang; Wang, Yuan; Jin, Chang-zhu; Deng, Tao; Wolff, Burt (15 June 2019). "Paleoecology of Pleistocene mammals and paleoclimatic change in South China: Evidence from stable carbon and oxygen isotopes". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 524: 1–12. Bibcode:2019PPP...524....1S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.021. S2CID 134558136. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022.
Zhao, L.X.; Zhang, L.Z. (12 February 2013). "New fossil evidence and diet analysis of Gigantopithecus blacki and its distribution and extinction in South China". Quaternary International. 286: 69–74. Bibcode:2013QuInt.286...69Z. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.12.016. ISSN 1040-6182.
Louys, J.; Roberts, P. (2020). "Environmental Drivers of Megafauna and Hominin Extinction in South East Asia". Nature. 586 (7829): 402–406. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..402L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2810-y. hdl:10072/402368. PMID 33029012. S2CID 222217295.
Regal, B. (2008). "Amateur versus professional: the search for Bigfoot". Endeavour. 32 (2): 53–57. doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2008.04.005. PMID 18514914.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

von Koenigswald, G. H. R. (1952). "Gigantopithecus blacki von Koenigswald, a giant fossil hominoid from the Pleistocene of southern China". Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History. 43: 292–325. hdl:2246/298.
Louys, J.; Roberts, P. (2020). "Environmental Drivers of Megafauna and Hominin Extinction in South East Asia". Nature. 586 (7829): 402–406. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..402L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2810-y. hdl:10072/402368. PMID 33029012. S2CID 222217295.

himgeology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cameron, D. W. (2003). "A functional and phylogenetic interpretation of the late Miocene Siwalik hominid Indopithecus and the Chinese Pleistocene hominid Gigantopithecus". Himalayan Geology. 24 (2): 19–28. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
Cameron, D. W. (2001). "The taxonomic status of the Siwalik late Miocene hominid Indopithecus (= Gigantopithecus)". Himalayan Geology. 22 (2): 29–34. Retrieved 12 February 2025.

journals.co.za (Global: 7,513^th place; English: 4,443^rd place)

Broom, R. (1939). "The dentition of the Transvaal Pleistocene anthropoids, Plesianthropus and Paranthropus" (PDF). Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 19 (3): 303–314.

kent.ac.uk (Global: 7,023^rd place; English: 4,256^th place)

kar.kent.ac.uk

Zanolli, Clément; Kullmer, Ottmar; Kelley, Jay; Bacon, Anne-Marie; Demeter, Fabrice; Dumoncel, Jean; Fiorenza, Luca; Grine, Frederick E.; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Nguyen, Anh Tuan; Nguyen, Thi Mai Huong (May 2019). "Evidence for increased hominid diversity in the Early to Middle Pleistocene of Indonesia" (PDF). Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (5): 755–764. Bibcode:2019NatEE...3..755Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0860-z. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30962558. S2CID 102353734. Retrieved 17 November 2022.

knaw.nl (Global: 1,644^th place; English: 1,661^st place)

dwc.knaw.nl

von Koenigswald, G. H. R. (1935). "Eine fossile Säugetierfauna mit Simia aus Südchina" (PDF). Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam. 38 (8): 874–879. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zhang, Y.; Harrison, T. (2017). "Gigantopithecus blacki: a giant ape from the Pleistocene of Asia revisited". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 162 (S63): 153–177. Bibcode:2017AJPA..162S.153Z. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23150. PMID 28105715.
Zhang, Yingqi; Westaway, Kira E.; Haberle, Simon; Lubeek, Juliën K.; Bailey, Marian; Ciochon, Russell; Morley, Mike W.; Roberts, Patrick; Zhao, Jian-xin; Duval, Mathieu; Dosseto, Anthony; Pan, Yue; Rule, Sue; Liao, Wei; Gully, Grant A.; Lucas, Mary; Mo, Jinyou; Yang, Liyun; Cai, Yanjun; Wang, Wei; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud (2024). "The demise of the giant ape Gigantopithecus blacki". Nature. 625 (7995): 535–539. Bibcode:2024Natur.625..535Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06900-0. PMC 10794149. PMID 38200315.
Welker, F.; Ramos-Madrigal, J.; Kuhlwilm, M.; et al. (2019). "Enamel proteome shows that Gigantopithecus was an early diverging pongine". Nature. 576 (7786): 262–265. Bibcode:2019Natur.576..262W. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1728-8. PMC 6908745. PMID 31723270.
Olejniczak, A. J.; et al. (2008). "Molar enamel thickness and dentine horn height in Gigantopithecus blacki" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 135 (1): 85–91. Bibcode:2008AJPA..135...85O. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20711. PMID 17941103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016.
Gayford, Joel H.; Engelman, Russell K.; Sternes, Phillip C.; Itano, Wayne M.; Bazzi, Mohamad; Collareta, Alberto; Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo; Shimada, Kenshu (2024). "Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals". Ecology and Evolution. 14 (9) e70218. Bibcode:2024EcoEv..1470218G. doi:10.1002/ece3.70218. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 11368419. PMID 39224151.
Dean, M. C.; Schrenk, F. (2003). "Enamel thickness and development in a third permanent molar of Gigantopithecus blacki". Journal of Human Evolution. 45 (5): 381–388. Bibcode:2003JHumE..45..381D. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.08.009. PMID 14624748.
Ciochon, R.; et al. (1996). "Dated Co-Occurrence of Homo erectus and Gigantopithecus from Tham Khuyen Cave, Vietnam". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (7): 3016–3020. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.3016C. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.7.3016. PMC 39753. PMID 8610161.
Kupczik, K.; Dean, M. C. (2008). "Comparative observations on the tooth root morphology of Gigantopithecus blacki". Journal of Human Evolution. 54 (2): 196–204. Bibcode:2008JHumE..54..196K. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.09.013. PMID 18045651.
Ciochon, R.; Piperno, D. R.; Thompson, R. G. (1990). "Opal phytoliths found on the teeth of the extinct ape Gigantopithecus blacki: implications for paleodietary studies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (20): 8120–8124. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.8120C. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.20.8120. PMC 54904. PMID 2236026.
Zhang, Y.; Kono, R. T.; Jin, C.; Wang, W.; Harrison, T. (2014). "Possible change in dental morphology in Gigantopithecus blacki just prior to its extinction: evidence from the upper premolar enamel–dentine junction". Journal of Human Evolution. 75: 166–171. Bibcode:2014JHumE..75..166Z. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.010. PMID 25063565.
Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; de Souza, Janaina Sena; Arora, Manish; Austin, Christine; Westaway, Kira; Moffat, Ian; Wang, Wei; Liao, Wei; Zhang, Yingqi; Adams, Justin W.; Fiorenza, Luca; Dérognat, Flora; Moncel, Marie-Helene; Schwartz, Gary T.; Bailey, Marian; dos Santos, Filipe F.; Guardia, Gabriela D. A.; Mercuri, Rafael L. V.; Galante, Pedro A. F.; Martins, Aline M. A.; Tsu, Blake L.; Barnes, Christopher A.; Yates, John; Petroski, Luiz Pedro; Sanchez-Sanchez, Sandra M.; Oviedo, Jose; Herai, Roberto H.; Lemos, Bernardo; Tonge, Matthew; Muotri, Alysson R. (2025). "Impact of intermittent lead exposure on hominid brain evolution". Science Advances. 11 (42) eadr1524. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr1524. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 12527068. PMID 41091888.
Ciochon, Russell L. (17 June 2009). "The mystery ape of Pleistocene Asia". Nature. 459 (7249): 910–911. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..910C. doi:10.1038/459910a. PMID 19536242.
Zanolli, Clément; Kullmer, Ottmar; Kelley, Jay; Bacon, Anne-Marie; Demeter, Fabrice; Dumoncel, Jean; Fiorenza, Luca; Grine, Frederick E.; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Nguyen, Anh Tuan; Nguyen, Thi Mai Huong (May 2019). "Evidence for increased hominid diversity in the Early to Middle Pleistocene of Indonesia" (PDF). Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (5): 755–764. Bibcode:2019NatEE...3..755Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0860-z. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30962558. S2CID 102353734. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
Lopatin, A. V.; Maschenko, E. N.; Dac, Le Xuan (2022). "Gigantopithecus blacki (Primates, Ponginae) from the Lang Trang Cave (Northern Vietnam): The Latest Gigantopithecus in the Late Pleistocene?". Doklady Biological Sciences. 502 (1): 6–10. doi:10.1134/S0012496622010069. ISSN 0012-4966. PMID 35298746. S2CID 254413457.
Louys, J.; Roberts, P. (2020). "Environmental Drivers of Megafauna and Hominin Extinction in South East Asia". Nature. 586 (7829): 402–406. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..402L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2810-y. hdl:10072/402368. PMID 33029012. S2CID 222217295.
Regal, B. (2008). "Amateur versus professional: the search for Bigfoot". Endeavour. 32 (2): 53–57. doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2008.04.005. PMID 18514914.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zhang, Yingqi; Westaway, Kira E.; Haberle, Simon; Lubeek, Juliën K.; Bailey, Marian; Ciochon, Russell; Morley, Mike W.; Roberts, Patrick; Zhao, Jian-xin; Duval, Mathieu; Dosseto, Anthony; Pan, Yue; Rule, Sue; Liao, Wei; Gully, Grant A.; Lucas, Mary; Mo, Jinyou; Yang, Liyun; Cai, Yanjun; Wang, Wei; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud (2024). "The demise of the giant ape Gigantopithecus blacki". Nature. 625 (7995): 535–539. Bibcode:2024Natur.625..535Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06900-0. PMC 10794149. PMID 38200315.
Welker, F.; Ramos-Madrigal, J.; Kuhlwilm, M.; et al. (2019). "Enamel proteome shows that Gigantopithecus was an early diverging pongine". Nature. 576 (7786): 262–265. Bibcode:2019Natur.576..262W. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1728-8. PMC 6908745. PMID 31723270.
Gayford, Joel H.; Engelman, Russell K.; Sternes, Phillip C.; Itano, Wayne M.; Bazzi, Mohamad; Collareta, Alberto; Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo; Shimada, Kenshu (2024). "Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals". Ecology and Evolution. 14 (9) e70218. Bibcode:2024EcoEv..1470218G. doi:10.1002/ece3.70218. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 11368419. PMID 39224151.
Ciochon, R.; et al. (1996). "Dated Co-Occurrence of Homo erectus and Gigantopithecus from Tham Khuyen Cave, Vietnam". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (7): 3016–3020. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.3016C. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.7.3016. PMC 39753. PMID 8610161.
Ciochon, R.; Piperno, D. R.; Thompson, R. G. (1990). "Opal phytoliths found on the teeth of the extinct ape Gigantopithecus blacki: implications for paleodietary studies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (20): 8120–8124. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.8120C. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.20.8120. PMC 54904. PMID 2236026.
Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; de Souza, Janaina Sena; Arora, Manish; Austin, Christine; Westaway, Kira; Moffat, Ian; Wang, Wei; Liao, Wei; Zhang, Yingqi; Adams, Justin W.; Fiorenza, Luca; Dérognat, Flora; Moncel, Marie-Helene; Schwartz, Gary T.; Bailey, Marian; dos Santos, Filipe F.; Guardia, Gabriela D. A.; Mercuri, Rafael L. V.; Galante, Pedro A. F.; Martins, Aline M. A.; Tsu, Blake L.; Barnes, Christopher A.; Yates, John; Petroski, Luiz Pedro; Sanchez-Sanchez, Sandra M.; Oviedo, Jose; Herai, Roberto H.; Lemos, Bernardo; Tonge, Matthew; Muotri, Alysson R. (2025). "Impact of intermittent lead exposure on hominid brain evolution". Science Advances. 11 (42) eadr1524. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr1524. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 12527068. PMID 41091888.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Sofwan, N.; et al. (2016). "Primata Besar di Jawa: Spesimen Baru Gigantopithecus dari Semedo" [Giant Primate of Java: A new Gigantopithecus specimen from Semedo]. Berkala Arkeologi. 36 (2): 141–160. doi:10.30883/jba.v36i2.241.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Hu, Yaowu; Jiang, Quyi; Liu, Fang; Guo, Lin; Zhang, Zhaofeng; Zhao, Lingxia (15 April 2022). "Calcium isotope ecology of early Gigantopithecus blacki (∼2 Ma) in South China". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 584 117522. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117522. Retrieved 14 January 2026 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
Sun, Fajun; Wang, Yang; Wang, Yuan; Jin, Chang-zhu; Deng, Tao; Wolff, Burt (15 June 2019). "Paleoecology of Pleistocene mammals and paleoclimatic change in South China: Evidence from stable carbon and oxygen isotopes". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 524: 1–12. Bibcode:2019PPP...524....1S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.021. S2CID 134558136. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Zhang, Y.; Jin, C.; et al. (2015). "A fourth mandible and associated dental remains of Gigantopithecus blacki from the Early Pleistocene Yanliang Cave, Fusui, Guangxi, South China". Historical Biology. 28 (1–2): 95–104. doi:10.1080/08912963.2015.1024115. S2CID 130928802.
Zanolli, Clément; Kullmer, Ottmar; Kelley, Jay; Bacon, Anne-Marie; Demeter, Fabrice; Dumoncel, Jean; Fiorenza, Luca; Grine, Frederick E.; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Nguyen, Anh Tuan; Nguyen, Thi Mai Huong (May 2019). "Evidence for increased hominid diversity in the Early to Middle Pleistocene of Indonesia" (PDF). Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (5): 755–764. Bibcode:2019NatEE...3..755Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0860-z. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30962558. S2CID 102353734. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
Lopatin, A. V.; Maschenko, E. N.; Dac, Le Xuan (2022). "Gigantopithecus blacki (Primates, Ponginae) from the Lang Trang Cave (Northern Vietnam): The Latest Gigantopithecus in the Late Pleistocene?". Doklady Biological Sciences. 502 (1): 6–10. doi:10.1134/S0012496622010069. ISSN 0012-4966. PMID 35298746. S2CID 254413457.
Sun, Fajun; Wang, Yang; Wang, Yuan; Jin, Chang-zhu; Deng, Tao; Wolff, Burt (15 June 2019). "Paleoecology of Pleistocene mammals and paleoclimatic change in South China: Evidence from stable carbon and oxygen isotopes". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 524: 1–12. Bibcode:2019PPP...524....1S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.021. S2CID 134558136. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022.
Louys, J.; Roberts, P. (2020). "Environmental Drivers of Megafauna and Hominin Extinction in South East Asia". Nature. 586 (7829): 402–406. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..402L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2810-y. hdl:10072/402368. PMID 33029012. S2CID 222217295.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Lopatin, A. V.; Maschenko, E. N.; Dac, Le Xuan (2022). "Gigantopithecus blacki (Primates, Ponginae) from the Lang Trang Cave (Northern Vietnam): The Latest Gigantopithecus in the Late Pleistocene?". Doklady Biological Sciences. 502 (1): 6–10. doi:10.1134/S0012496622010069. ISSN 0012-4966. PMID 35298746. S2CID 254413457.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

von Koenigswald, G. H. R. (1935). "Eine fossile Säugetierfauna mit Simia aus Südchina" (PDF). Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam. 38 (8): 874–879. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
"Definition of gigantopithecus | Dictionary.com". dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
Coichon, Russell L. (1991). "The ape that was – Asian fossils reveal humanity's giant cousin". Natural History. 100: 54–62. ISSN 0028-0712. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015.
Olejniczak, A. J.; et al. (2008). "Molar enamel thickness and dentine horn height in Gigantopithecus blacki" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 135 (1): 85–91. Bibcode:2008AJPA..135...85O. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20711. PMID 17941103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016.
Sun, Fajun; Wang, Yang; Wang, Yuan; Jin, Chang-zhu; Deng, Tao; Wolff, Burt (15 June 2019). "Paleoecology of Pleistocene mammals and paleoclimatic change in South China: Evidence from stable carbon and oxygen isotopes". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 524: 1–12. Bibcode:2019PPP...524....1S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.021. S2CID 134558136. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Coichon, Russell L. (1991). "The ape that was – Asian fossils reveal humanity's giant cousin". Natural History. 100: 54–62. ISSN 0028-0712. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015.
Gayford, Joel H.; Engelman, Russell K.; Sternes, Phillip C.; Itano, Wayne M.; Bazzi, Mohamad; Collareta, Alberto; Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo; Shimada, Kenshu (2024). "Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals". Ecology and Evolution. 14 (9) e70218. Bibcode:2024EcoEv..1470218G. doi:10.1002/ece3.70218. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 11368419. PMID 39224151.
Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; de Souza, Janaina Sena; Arora, Manish; Austin, Christine; Westaway, Kira; Moffat, Ian; Wang, Wei; Liao, Wei; Zhang, Yingqi; Adams, Justin W.; Fiorenza, Luca; Dérognat, Flora; Moncel, Marie-Helene; Schwartz, Gary T.; Bailey, Marian; dos Santos, Filipe F.; Guardia, Gabriela D. A.; Mercuri, Rafael L. V.; Galante, Pedro A. F.; Martins, Aline M. A.; Tsu, Blake L.; Barnes, Christopher A.; Yates, John; Petroski, Luiz Pedro; Sanchez-Sanchez, Sandra M.; Oviedo, Jose; Herai, Roberto H.; Lemos, Bernardo; Tonge, Matthew; Muotri, Alysson R. (2025). "Impact of intermittent lead exposure on hominid brain evolution". Science Advances. 11 (42) eadr1524. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr1524. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 12527068. PMID 41091888.
Zanolli, Clément; Kullmer, Ottmar; Kelley, Jay; Bacon, Anne-Marie; Demeter, Fabrice; Dumoncel, Jean; Fiorenza, Luca; Grine, Frederick E.; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Nguyen, Anh Tuan; Nguyen, Thi Mai Huong (May 2019). "Evidence for increased hominid diversity in the Early to Middle Pleistocene of Indonesia" (PDF). Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (5): 755–764. Bibcode:2019NatEE...3..755Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0860-z. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30962558. S2CID 102353734. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
Lopatin, A. V.; Maschenko, E. N.; Dac, Le Xuan (2022). "Gigantopithecus blacki (Primates, Ponginae) from the Lang Trang Cave (Northern Vietnam): The Latest Gigantopithecus in the Late Pleistocene?". Doklady Biological Sciences. 502 (1): 6–10. doi:10.1134/S0012496622010069. ISSN 0012-4966. PMID 35298746. S2CID 254413457.
Zhao, L.X.; Zhang, L.Z. (12 February 2013). "New fossil evidence and diet analysis of Gigantopithecus blacki and its distribution and extinction in South China". Quaternary International. 286: 69–74. Bibcode:2013QuInt.286...69Z. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.12.016. ISSN 1040-6182.

Gigantopithecus (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

anthonyolejniczak.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672nd place; English: 1,248th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

himgeology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

journals.co.za (Global: 7,513th place; English: 4,443rd place)

kent.ac.uk (Global: 7,023rd place; English: 4,256th place)

kar.kent.ac.uk

knaw.nl (Global: 1,644th place; English: 1,661st place)

dwc.knaw.nl

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; English: 89th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137th place; English: 146th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

springer.com (Global: 182nd place; English: 172nd place)

link.springer.com

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

journals.co.za (Global: 7,513^th place; English: 4,443^rd place)

kent.ac.uk (Global: 7,023^rd place; English: 4,256^th place)

knaw.nl (Global: 1,644^th place; English: 1,661^st place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)