Goldfish (English Wikipedia)

The Discovery Channel's show MythBusters tested the contemporary legend that goldfish only had a memory span of three seconds and were able to prove that goldfish had a longer memory span than commonly believed. The experiment involved training the fish to navigate a maze. It was evident that they were able to remember the correct path of the maze after more than a month. MythBuster Results: A goldfish’s memory lasts only three seconds

nativefish.org

"Frequent question: Why do Goldfish Change Color?". Native Fish. 2021-08-25. Retrieved 2024-02-05.

nbcnews.com

"'Massive' goldfish weighing 9 pounds found in South Carolina lake". NBC News. 8 December 2020. Retrieved 2021-05-17.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chen, Duo; Zhang, Qing; Tang, Weiqi; Huang, Zhen; Wang, Gang; Wang, Yongjun; Shi, Jiaxian; Xu, Huimin; Lin, Lianyu; Li, Zhen; Chi, Wenchao; Huang, Likun; Xia, Jing; Zhang, Xingtan; Guo, Lin (2020-11-24). "The evolutionary origin and domestication history of goldfish ( Carassius auratus )". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (47): 29775–29785. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11729775C. doi:10.1073/pnas.2005545117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7703540. PMID 33139555.
Komiyama, Tomoyoshi; Hiroyuki Kobayashi; Yoshio Tateno; Hidetoshi Inoko; Takashi Gojobori; Kazuho Ikeo (February 2009). "An evolutionary origin and selection process of goldfish". Gene. 430 (1–2): 5–11. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.019. PMID 19027055.
Wang, Shu-Yan; Jing Luo; Robert W. Murphy; Shi-Fang Wu; Chu-Ling Zhu; Yun Gao; Ya-Ping Zhang (19 March 2013). "Origin of Chinese Goldfish and Sequential Loss of Genetic Diversity Accompanies New Breeds". PLOS ONE. 430 (3): e59571. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...859571W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059571. PMC 3602300. PMID 23527220.
Walker, R. M.; Johansen, P. H. (1977). "Walker, R. M., & Johansen, P. H. (1977). Anaerobic metabolism in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55(8), 1304–1311. doi:10.1139/z77-170". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 55 (8): 1304–11. doi:10.1139/z77-170. PMID 902178.
Fagernes, C. E.; Stensløkken, K. O.; Berenbrink, M.; Ellefsen, S.; Nilsson, G. E. (2017). "Fagernes, C.E., Stensløkken, K., Røhr, Å.K. et al. Extreme anoxia tolerance in crucian carp and goldfish through neofunctionalization of duplicated genes creating a new ethanol-producing pyruvate decarboxylase pathway. Sci Rep 7, 7884 (2017). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07385-4". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 7884. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07385-4. PMC 5554223. PMID 28801642.
Research by the School of Psychology at the University of Plymouth in 1994. Goldfish were trained to push a lever to earn a food reward; when the lever was fixed to work only for an hour a day, the fish soon learned to activate it at the correct time. See: Gee, P; Stephenson, D; Wright, DE (July 1994). "Temporal discrimination learning of operant feeding in goldfish". Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. 62 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1901/jeab.1994.62-1. PMC 1334363. PMID 16812735.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chen, Duo; Zhang, Qing; Tang, Weiqi; Huang, Zhen; Wang, Gang; Wang, Yongjun; Shi, Jiaxian; Xu, Huimin; Lin, Lianyu; Li, Zhen; Chi, Wenchao; Huang, Likun; Xia, Jing; Zhang, Xingtan; Guo, Lin (2020-11-24). "The evolutionary origin and domestication history of goldfish ( Carassius auratus )". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (47): 29775–29785. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11729775C. doi:10.1073/pnas.2005545117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7703540. PMID 33139555.
Wang, Shu-Yan; Jing Luo; Robert W. Murphy; Shi-Fang Wu; Chu-Ling Zhu; Yun Gao; Ya-Ping Zhang (19 March 2013). "Origin of Chinese Goldfish and Sequential Loss of Genetic Diversity Accompanies New Breeds". PLOS ONE. 430 (3): e59571. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...859571W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059571. PMC 3602300. PMID 23527220.
Fagernes, C. E.; Stensløkken, K. O.; Berenbrink, M.; Ellefsen, S.; Nilsson, G. E. (2017). "Fagernes, C.E., Stensløkken, K., Røhr, Å.K. et al. Extreme anoxia tolerance in crucian carp and goldfish through neofunctionalization of duplicated genes creating a new ethanol-producing pyruvate decarboxylase pathway. Sci Rep 7, 7884 (2017). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07385-4". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 7884. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07385-4. PMC 5554223. PMID 28801642.
Research by the School of Psychology at the University of Plymouth in 1994. Goldfish were trained to push a lever to earn a food reward; when the lever was fixed to work only for an hour a day, the fish soon learned to activate it at the correct time. See: Gee, P; Stephenson, D; Wright, DE (July 1994). "Temporal discrimination learning of operant feeding in goldfish". Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. 62 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1901/jeab.1994.62-1. PMC 1334363. PMID 16812735.

npr.org

Selyukh, Alina (2019-10-16). "The Goldfish Tariff: Fancy Pet Fish Among The Stranger Casualties Of The Trade War". NPR. Retrieved 2019-10-17.
Fulton, April; Ardalan, Davar (20 March 2016). "Nowruz: Persian New Year's Table Celebrates Spring Deliciously". NPR.org. Retrieved 2021-03-24.

nytimes.com

Yin, Steph (2016-09-22). "In the Wild, Goldfish Turn From Pet to Pest". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-02-05.

oceanpark.com.hk

"Goldfish". Ocean Park. Retrieved 2009-11-16.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Tweedley, James R.; Hallett, Chris S.; Beatty, Stephen J. (September 2017). "Tweedley, J.R., Hallett, C.S. & Beatty, S.J. Baseline survey of the fish fauna of a highly eutrophic estuary and evidence for its colonisation by Goldfish (Carassius auratus). Int Aquat Res 9, 259–270 (2017). DOI: 10.1007/s40071-017-0174-1". International Aquatic Research. 9 (3): 259–270. doi:10.1007/s40071-017-0174-1. S2CID 59358196.

tamu.edu

fisheries.tamu.edu

"Techniques for Taking and Fertilizing the Spawn of Fish" (PDF). 1991. Retrieved February 5, 2024.

theatlantic.com

Gulliver, Katrina (2012-11-01). "The Great Goldfish Invasion: How an Exotic Carp Took Over America". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2024-02-05.

thefishvet.com.au

Loh, Richmond. "Goldfish (Carassius auratus)" (PDF). The Fish Vet.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 27, 2014. Retrieved December 31, 2013.

theguardian.com

Helmore, Edward (12 July 2021). "Goldfish dumped in lakes grow to monstrous size, threatening ecosystems". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021.

thinkquest.org

library.thinkquest.org

"Swallowing Goldfish". Archived from the original on 2006-06-18. Retrieved 2006-07-21.

timesonline.co.uk

Knight, Sam (2005-10-26). "Rome bans goldfish bowls, orders dog owners on walks – World – Times Online". The Times. London. Archived from the original on January 5, 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-21.

usgs.gov

nas.er.usgs.gov

"USGS-NAS, Non-indigenous Aquatic Species". Retrieved 2015-04-29.
Laboratory, NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research. "NOAA National Center for Research on Aquatic Invasive Species (NCRAIS)". nas.er.usgs.gov. Retrieved 16 December 2020.

vox.com

Plumer, Brad (2016-06-09). "This is unsettling: fish can recognize human faces". Vox. Retrieved 2024-02-05.

web.archive.org

Les Pearce. "Common Gold Fish". Aquarticles. Archived from the original on 28 May 2006. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
Loh, Richmond. "Goldfish (Carassius auratus)" (PDF). The Fish Vet.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 27, 2014. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
""What is a Lionchu?" by Peter Ponzio, an article from the Goldfish Pages Website (Goldfish Society of America), date retrieved: 28 February 2013" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-25.
""GFSA - Ask the Judges", an article about the Lionchu by Larry Christensen, Peter Ponzio, Scott Taylor, Tony Reynolds and John Parker, from the Goldfish Pages Website (Goldfish Society of America), date retrieved: 28 February 2013" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-25.
"Nutrafin Aquatic News, Issue #4, 2004, Rolf C. Hagen, Inc. (USA) and Rolf C. Hagen Corp. (Montreal, Canada)". Hagen.com. Archived from the original on 2011-11-21. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
"Evolution and Varieties of Goldfish". Archived from the original on 2016-01-10. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
"Goldfish". Experiencefestival.com. Archived from the original on 2011-12-12. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
"5 reasons not to use goldfish bowls". Goldfish Care Guide. 2008-03-05. Archived from the original on 2018-05-25. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
"Defra, UK – Animal Health and Welfare – Animal Welfare – Animal Welfare Bill". Archived from the original on 2006-08-20. Retrieved 2006-07-21.
"Swallowing Goldfish". Archived from the original on 2006-06-18. Retrieved 2006-07-21.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Chen, Duo; Zhang, Qing; Tang, Weiqi; Huang, Zhen; Wang, Gang; Wang, Yongjun; Shi, Jiaxian; Xu, Huimin; Lin, Lianyu; Li, Zhen; Chi, Wenchao; Huang, Likun; Xia, Jing; Zhang, Xingtan; Guo, Lin (2020-11-24). "The evolutionary origin and domestication history of goldfish ( Carassius auratus )". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (47): 29775–29785. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11729775C. doi:10.1073/pnas.2005545117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7703540. PMID 33139555.
Yin, Steph (2016-09-22). "In the Wild, Goldfish Turn From Pet to Pest". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-02-05.