Harm reduction (English Wikipedia)

Simmons, Amy (16 September 2010). "Injecting centre approval fails to quell controversy". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 25 June 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2010.

actiononaddiction.org.uk

"Treatable or Just Hard to Treat?". Archived from the original on 8 August 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2011. 2009

atoda.org.au

Paul Dietze; Simon Lenton (December 2010). "The case for the wider distribution of naloxone in Australia" (PDF). Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Association ACT. ATODA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.

books.google.com

Marlatt, G. Alan (2002). "Highlights of Harm Reduction". Harm Reduction: Pragmatic Strategies for Managing High-Risk Behaviors. Guilford Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-57230-825-1.

bundestag.de

relaunch.bundestag.de

http://relaunch.bundestag.de/bundestag/ausschuesse/a14/anhoerungen/113/stllg/ZIS.pdf. Retrieved 9 September 2009. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)^{[dead link]}

businessinsider.com

Fuchs, Erin (13 November 2013). "7 Reasons Why America Should Legalize Prostitution". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.

canada.ca

health.canada.ca

Government of Canada, Health Canada (22 May 2018). "Interactive map: Canada's response to the opioid crisis". health.canada.ca. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2023.

canada.ca

Canada, Health (22 July 2021). "Safer supply: Prescribed medications as a safer alternative to toxic illegal drugs". canada.ca. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2023.

cbc.ca

"Timeline: Insite". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 13 March 2009. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2010.

ccbh.nl

van den Brink, Wim; Hendriks, Vincent M.; Blanken, Peter; Huijsman, Ineke A.; van Ree, Jan M. (2002). Medical Co-Prescription of Heroin: Two Randomized Controlled Trials. Central Committee on the Treatment of Heroin Addicts (CCBH). ISBN 9080693227. NCJ 195635. Archived from the original on 17 May 2006. Retrieved 21 March 2024.

cdc.gov

Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (July 2008). "Nonpharmaceutical fentanyl-related deaths – multiple states, April 2005 – March 2007" (PDF). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 57 (29): 793–796. PMID 18650786. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.

desc.org

"DESC". 3 March 2016. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2021.

doi.org

Rekart ML (December 2005). "Sex-work harm reduction" (PDF). Lancet. 366 (9503): 2123–2134. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67732-X. PMID 16360791. S2CID 11448309. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2017.
Barratt, Monica J. (2 January 2017). "Bluelight.org: a harm-reduction community that supports public health research". Journal of Substance Use. 22 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1080/14659891.2016.1208779. ISSN 1465-9891.
Podymow T, Turnbull J, Coyle D, Yetisir E, Wells G (2006). "Shelter-based managed alcohol administration to chronically homeless people addicted to alcohol". CMAJ. 174 (1): 45–49. doi:10.1503/cmaj.1041350. PMC 1319345. PMID 16389236.
Larimer ME, Malone DK, Garner MD, et al. (April 2009). "Health care and public service use and costs before and after provision of housing for chronically homeless persons with severe alcohol problems". JAMA. 301 (13): 1349–1357. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.414. PMID 19336710.
Volpicelli, Joseph R.; Alterman, Arthur I.; Hayashida, Motoi; O'Brien, Charles P. (1 November 1992). "Naltrexone in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence". Archives of General Psychiatry. 49 (11): 876–880. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820110040006. PMID 1345133.
Haasen C, Verthein U, Degkwitz P, Berger J, Krausz M, Naber D (July 2007). "Heroin-assisted treatment for opioid dependence: randomised controlled trial". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 191: 55–62. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.026112. PMID 17602126.
Haasen C, Verthein U, Degkwitz P, Berger J, Krausz M, Naber D (July 2007). "Heroin-assisted treatment for opioid dependence: randomised controlled trial". Br J Psychiatry. 191: 55–62. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.026112. PMID 17602126.
Lintzeris, Nicholas (2009). "Prescription of heroin for the management of heroin dependence: current status". CNS Drugs. 23 (6): 463–476. doi:10.2165/00023210-200923060-00002. PMID 19480466. S2CID 11018732.
Mueller, Shane R.; Walley, Alexander Y.; Calcaterra, Susan L.; Glanz, Jason M.; Binswanger, Ingrid A. (3 April 2015). "A Review of Opioid Overdose Prevention and Naloxone Prescribing: Implications for Translating Community Programming Into Clinical Practice". Substance Abuse. 36 (2): 240–253. doi:10.1080/08897077.2015.1010032. PMC 4470731. PMID 25774771.
McDonald, Rebecca; Strang, John (30 March 2016). "Are take-home naloxone programmes effective? Systematic review utilizing application of the Bradford Hill criteria". Addiction. 111 (7): 1177–1187. doi:10.1111/add.13326. PMC 5071734. PMID 27028542.
Miller, Nicole M.; Waterhouse-Bradley, Bethany; Campbell, Claire; Shorter, Gillian W. (23 February 2022). "How do naloxone-based interventions work to reduce overdose deaths: a realist review". Harm Reduction Journal. 19 (1): 18. doi:10.1186/s12954-022-00599-4. PMC 8867850. PMID 35197057.
Noble, Florence; Marie, Nicolas (18 January 2019). "Management of Opioid Addiction With Opioid Substitution Treatments: Beyond Methadone and Buprenorphine". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9: 742. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00742. PMC 6345716. PMID 30713510.
Soyka, Michael; Franke, Andreas G (19 September 2021). "Recent advances in the treatment of opioid use disorders – focus on long-acting buprenorphine formulations". World Journal of Psychiatry. 11 (9): 543–552. doi:10.5498/wjp.v11.i9.543. PMC 8474991. PMID 34631459.
Islam, M. Mofizal; Topp, Libby; Day, Carolyn A.; Dawson, Angela; Conigrave, Katherine M. (2012). "The accessibility, acceptability, health impact and cost implications of primary healthcare outlets that target injecting drug users: A narrative synthesis of literature". International Journal of Drug Policy. 23 (2): 94–102. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.08.005. PMID 21996165.
Islam, M. Mofizal; Topp, Libby; Day, Carolyn A.; Dawson, Angela; Conigrave, Katherine M. (2012). "Primary healthcare outlets that target injecting drug users: Opportunity to make services accessible and acceptable to the target group". International Journal of Drug Policy. 23 (2): 109–10. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.11.001. PMID 22280917.
Islam, M. Mofizal; Reid, Sharon E.; White, Ann; Grummett, Sara; Conigrave, Katherine M.; Haber, Paul S. (2012). "Opportunistic and continuing health care for injecting drug users from a nurse-run needle syringe program-based primary health-care clinic". Drug Alcohol Rev. 31 (1): 114–115. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00390.x. PMID 22145983.
Islam, M. Mofizal (2010). "Needle Syringe Program-Based Primary Health Care Centers: Advantages and Disadvantages". Journal of Primary Care & Community Health. 1 (2): 100–03. doi:10.1177/2150131910369684. PMID 23804370. S2CID 8663924.
Harris, Hobart W.; Young, D. M. (2002). "Care of injection drug users with soft tissue infections in San Francisco, California". Arch Surg. 137 (11): 1217–1222. doi:10.1001/archsurg.137.11.1217. PMID 12413304.
Pollack, Harold A.; Khoshnood, Kaveh; Blankenship, Kim M.; Altice, Frederick L. (2002). "The impact of needle exchange-based health services on emergency department use". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 17 (5): 341–348. doi:10.1007/s11606-002-0037-2. PMC 1495047. PMID 12047730.
Farsalinos, Konstantinos; LeHouezec, Jacques (September 2015). "Regulation in the face of uncertainty: the evidence on electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes)". Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 8: 157–167. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S62116. PMC 4598199. PMID 26457058.
Drummond, M. Bradley; Upson, Dona (February 2014). "Electronic Cigarettes. Potential Harms and Benefits". Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 11 (2): 236–242. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201311-391FR. PMC 5469426. PMID 24575993.
Cahn, Zachary; Siegel, Michael (February 2011). "Electronic cigarettes as a harm reduction strategy for tobacco control: A step forward or a repeat of past mistakes?". Journal of Public Health Policy. 32 (1): 16–31. doi:10.1057/jphp.2010.41. PMID 21150942.
Palmateer N, Kimber J, Hickman M, Hutchinson S, Rhodes T, Goldberg D (May 2010). "Evidence for the effectiveness of sterile injecting equipment provision in preventing hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus transmission among injecting drug users: a review of reviews". Addiction. 105 (5): 844–859. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02888.x. PMID 20219055.
Hilton, B. Ann; Thompson, Ray; Moore-Dempsey, Laura; Janzen, Randy G. (28 February 2001). "Harm reduction theories and strategies for control of human immunodeficiency virus: a review of the literature". Journal of Advanced Nursing. 33 (3): 357–370. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01672.x. PMID 11251723.
Dolan, Kate; Kimber, Jo; Fry, Craig; Fitzgerald, John; McDonald, David; Trautmann, Franz (September 2000). "Drug consumption facilities in Europe and the establishment of supervised injecting centres in Australia". Drug and Alcohol Review. 19 (3): 337–346. doi:10.1080/713659379.
Johnson, BT; Scott-Sheldon, LA; Huedo-Medina, TB; Carey, MP (January 2011). "Interventions to reduce sexual risk for human immunodeficiency virus in adolescents: a meta-analysis of trials, 1985–2008". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 165 (1): 77–84. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.251. PMC 4361805. PMID 21199984.
Oringanje, Chioma; Meremikwu, Martin M; Eko, Hokehe; Esu, Ekpereonne; Meremikwu, Anne; Ehiri, John E (3 February 2016). "Interventions for preventing unintended pregnancies among adolescents". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (2): CD005215. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005215.pub3. PMC 8730506. PMID 26839116.
Underhill, Kristen; Operario, Don; Montgomery, Paul (17 October 2007). "Abstinence-only programs for HIV infection prevention in high-income countries". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD005421. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005421.pub2. PMID 17943855.
Rekart ML (December 2005). "Sex-work harm reduction". Lancet. 366 (9503): 2123–2134. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67732-X. PMID 16360791. S2CID 11448309.
O’Hare, Pat (March 2007). "Merseyside, the first harm reduction conferences, and the early history of harm reduction". International Journal of Drug Policy. 18 (2): 141–144. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.01.003. PMID 17689357.
Indian Social Institute (2011). HIV/AIDS – 2011 (Report). Human Rights Documents Online. doi:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-0510-0080.
Kamerow D (2009). "The papal position on condoms and HIV". BMJ. 338: b1217. doi:10.1136/bmj.b1217. PMID 19321547. S2CID 30450691.
Roehr B (2009). "Pope claims that condoms exacerbate HIV and AIDS problem". BMJ. 338: b1206. doi:10.1136/bmj.b1206. PMID 19321545. S2CID 27621688.

dpnoc.ca

"Drug Prevention Network Canada – Harm Reduction". 24 April 2010. Archived from the original on 24 April 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2016.

drugfree.org.au

"Arguments for Prohibition" (PDF). p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
"Drug Free Australia Detailed Evidence on Sydney MSIC" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
"The Case for Closure: Detailed Evidence" (PDF). Drug Free Australia. p. 26-27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
"The Case for Closure: Detailed Evidence" (PDF). Drug Free Australia. pp. 31–34. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2010.

drugpolicy.org

"Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT): The Gold Standard for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment". Drug Policy Alliance. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.

drugtext.org

Rachel Lart. "British Medical Perception from Rolleston to Brain, Changing Images of the Addict and Addiction". Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.

eji.org

Urell, Aaryn (9 December 2019). "Crack vs. Heroine Project: Racial Double Standard in Drug Laws Persists Today". Equal Justice Initiative. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023.

europa.eu

emcdda.europa.eu

"Take home naloxone to reduce fatalities: scaling up a participatory intervention across Europe". European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Lisbon. 14 October 2014.
Wayne Hall; Benedikt Fischer. "Chapter 8 : Harm reduction policies for cannabis" (PDF). Harm reduction: evidence, impacts, and challenges. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
Hall W, Fischer B. "Chapter 8: Harm reduction policies for cannabis" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
"Drug policy profiles – Portugal". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Hedrich D, et al. "Chapter 11: Drug consumption facilities in Europe and beyond" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
Rehm J, et al. "Chapter 4: Perspectives on harm reduction – what experts have to say" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
EMCDDA 2010, p. 308 Harm reduction: evidence, impacts and challenges. Lisbon: EMCDDA. April 2010. ISBN 978-92-9168-419-9.

forskningsradet.no

"Nyheter – Norges forskningsråd". 29 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012.

forward-thinking-on-drugs.org

Hunt, Neil. "A review of the evidence-base for harm reduction approaches to drug use". forward-thinking-on-drugs.org. Forward Thinking on Drugs. Archived from the original on 26 February 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2019.

gale.com

go.gale.com

McNeil, Donald G. (12 July 2010). "Desperate Addicts Inject Others' Blood". The New York Times. Gale A231383957. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2022.

ghostarchive.org

Charlie Cooper (9 April 2014). "NICE: Needle exchanges should supply safe equipment to under-18 steroid users". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2014.

hc-sc.gc.ca

"Final Report of the Vancouver Insite Expert Advisory Committee". 3 April 2008. Archived from the original on 14 May 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2010. 2008
"Final Report of the Vancouver Insite Expert Advisory Committee". 3 April 2008. Archived from the original on 14 May 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2010.

health.gov.au

Mattick, Richard P.; et al. "National Evaluation of Pharmacotherapies for Opioid Dependence (NEPOD): Report of Results and Recommendation" (PDF). Department of Health and Aged Care. Australian Government. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2011.

heraldsun.com.au

Bridie Byrne (28 May 2013). "Drug experts propose needle vending machines for Footscray". Herald Sun. Retrieved 12 February 2023.

hri.global

Harm Reduction International. "What Is Harm Reduction?". Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
Global State of Harm Reduction 2020 (PDF). London: Harm Reduction International. 2021. pp. 18–23. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2023.
"Heroin (diamorphine) supported treatment in Germany: Results and problems of implementation" (PDF). Commissioner on Narcotic Drugs. German Federal Ministry of Health. 2 May 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2024.

hrw.org

Phasuk, Sunai (2004). Thailand, not enough graves: the war on drugs, HIV/AIDS, and violations of human rights (Report). Human Rights Watch. OCLC 56024188. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2022.

independent.co.uk

Charlie Cooper (9 April 2014). "NICE: Needle exchanges should supply safe equipment to under-18 steroid users". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
"Sydney gets first supervised heroin injecting room". The Independent. London: Independent Print Limited. 5 April 2001. Retrieved 21 September 2010.^{[dead link]}

itfsdp.org

"The International Task Force Meeting Statement on So-Called 'Harm Reduction' Policies" (PDF). Itfsdp.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.

jrf.org.uk

Stimson, Gerry V; Metrebian, Nicky (12 September 2003). "Prescribing Heroin: what is the evidence?". Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Archived from the original on 9 February 2006.

kcba.org

"Fact Sheet: Impact of Drug Convictions on Individual Lives" (PDF). Kcba.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2016.

kingshealthpartners.org

"Untreatable or Just Hard to Treat?". Archived from the original on 28 March 2010. Retrieved 20 April 2010.

maps.org

"Zendo Project: Psychedelic Harm Reduction". Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies – MAPS. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

naloxoneinfo.org

"Get Started". Open Society Foundations. 2013. Archived from the original on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
"Tools for Starting a Naloxone Program". Open Society Foundations. 2013. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.

ncjrs.gov

van den Brink, Wim; Hendriks, Vincent M.; Blanken, Peter; Huijsman, Ineke A.; van Ree, Jan M. (2002). Medical Co-Prescription of Heroin: Two Randomized Controlled Trials. Central Committee on the Treatment of Heroin Addicts (CCBH). ISBN 9080693227. NCJ 195635. Archived from the original on 17 May 2006. Retrieved 21 March 2024.

newyorker.com

Witt, Emily (15 November 2015). "A Field Guide to Psychedelics". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rekart ML (December 2005). "Sex-work harm reduction" (PDF). Lancet. 366 (9503): 2123–2134. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67732-X. PMID 16360791. S2CID 11448309. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2017.
Podymow T, Turnbull J, Coyle D, Yetisir E, Wells G (2006). "Shelter-based managed alcohol administration to chronically homeless people addicted to alcohol". CMAJ. 174 (1): 45–49. doi:10.1503/cmaj.1041350. PMC 1319345. PMID 16389236.
Larimer ME, Malone DK, Garner MD, et al. (April 2009). "Health care and public service use and costs before and after provision of housing for chronically homeless persons with severe alcohol problems". JAMA. 301 (13): 1349–1357. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.414. PMID 19336710.
Volpicelli, Joseph R.; Alterman, Arthur I.; Hayashida, Motoi; O'Brien, Charles P. (1 November 1992). "Naltrexone in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence". Archives of General Psychiatry. 49 (11): 876–880. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820110040006. PMID 1345133.
Haasen C, Verthein U, Degkwitz P, Berger J, Krausz M, Naber D (July 2007). "Heroin-assisted treatment for opioid dependence: randomised controlled trial". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 191: 55–62. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.026112. PMID 17602126.
Haasen C, Verthein U, Degkwitz P, Berger J, Krausz M, Naber D (July 2007). "Heroin-assisted treatment for opioid dependence: randomised controlled trial". Br J Psychiatry. 191: 55–62. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.026112. PMID 17602126.
Lintzeris, Nicholas (2009). "Prescription of heroin for the management of heroin dependence: current status". CNS Drugs. 23 (6): 463–476. doi:10.2165/00023210-200923060-00002. PMID 19480466. S2CID 11018732.
Mueller, Shane R.; Walley, Alexander Y.; Calcaterra, Susan L.; Glanz, Jason M.; Binswanger, Ingrid A. (3 April 2015). "A Review of Opioid Overdose Prevention and Naloxone Prescribing: Implications for Translating Community Programming Into Clinical Practice". Substance Abuse. 36 (2): 240–253. doi:10.1080/08897077.2015.1010032. PMC 4470731. PMID 25774771.
McDonald, Rebecca; Strang, John (30 March 2016). "Are take-home naloxone programmes effective? Systematic review utilizing application of the Bradford Hill criteria". Addiction. 111 (7): 1177–1187. doi:10.1111/add.13326. PMC 5071734. PMID 27028542.
Miller, Nicole M.; Waterhouse-Bradley, Bethany; Campbell, Claire; Shorter, Gillian W. (23 February 2022). "How do naloxone-based interventions work to reduce overdose deaths: a realist review". Harm Reduction Journal. 19 (1): 18. doi:10.1186/s12954-022-00599-4. PMC 8867850. PMID 35197057.
Noble, Florence; Marie, Nicolas (18 January 2019). "Management of Opioid Addiction With Opioid Substitution Treatments: Beyond Methadone and Buprenorphine". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9: 742. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00742. PMC 6345716. PMID 30713510.
Soyka, Michael; Franke, Andreas G (19 September 2021). "Recent advances in the treatment of opioid use disorders – focus on long-acting buprenorphine formulations". World Journal of Psychiatry. 11 (9): 543–552. doi:10.5498/wjp.v11.i9.543. PMC 8474991. PMID 34631459.
Islam, M. Mofizal; Topp, Libby; Day, Carolyn A.; Dawson, Angela; Conigrave, Katherine M. (2012). "The accessibility, acceptability, health impact and cost implications of primary healthcare outlets that target injecting drug users: A narrative synthesis of literature". International Journal of Drug Policy. 23 (2): 94–102. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.08.005. PMID 21996165.
Islam, M. Mofizal; Topp, Libby; Day, Carolyn A.; Dawson, Angela; Conigrave, Katherine M. (2012). "Primary healthcare outlets that target injecting drug users: Opportunity to make services accessible and acceptable to the target group". International Journal of Drug Policy. 23 (2): 109–10. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.11.001. PMID 22280917.
Islam, M. Mofizal; Reid, Sharon E.; White, Ann; Grummett, Sara; Conigrave, Katherine M.; Haber, Paul S. (2012). "Opportunistic and continuing health care for injecting drug users from a nurse-run needle syringe program-based primary health-care clinic". Drug Alcohol Rev. 31 (1): 114–115. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00390.x. PMID 22145983.
Islam, M. Mofizal (2010). "Needle Syringe Program-Based Primary Health Care Centers: Advantages and Disadvantages". Journal of Primary Care & Community Health. 1 (2): 100–03. doi:10.1177/2150131910369684. PMID 23804370. S2CID 8663924.
Harris, Hobart W.; Young, D. M. (2002). "Care of injection drug users with soft tissue infections in San Francisco, California". Arch Surg. 137 (11): 1217–1222. doi:10.1001/archsurg.137.11.1217. PMID 12413304.
Pollack, Harold A.; Khoshnood, Kaveh; Blankenship, Kim M.; Altice, Frederick L. (2002). "The impact of needle exchange-based health services on emergency department use". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 17 (5): 341–348. doi:10.1007/s11606-002-0037-2. PMC 1495047. PMID 12047730.
Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (July 2008). "Nonpharmaceutical fentanyl-related deaths – multiple states, April 2005 – March 2007" (PDF). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 57 (29): 793–796. PMID 18650786. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
Farsalinos, Konstantinos; LeHouezec, Jacques (September 2015). "Regulation in the face of uncertainty: the evidence on electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes)". Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 8: 157–167. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S62116. PMC 4598199. PMID 26457058.
Drummond, M. Bradley; Upson, Dona (February 2014). "Electronic Cigarettes. Potential Harms and Benefits". Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 11 (2): 236–242. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201311-391FR. PMC 5469426. PMID 24575993.
Cahn, Zachary; Siegel, Michael (February 2011). "Electronic cigarettes as a harm reduction strategy for tobacco control: A step forward or a repeat of past mistakes?". Journal of Public Health Policy. 32 (1): 16–31. doi:10.1057/jphp.2010.41. PMID 21150942.
Palmateer N, Kimber J, Hickman M, Hutchinson S, Rhodes T, Goldberg D (May 2010). "Evidence for the effectiveness of sterile injecting equipment provision in preventing hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus transmission among injecting drug users: a review of reviews". Addiction. 105 (5): 844–859. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02888.x. PMID 20219055.
Hilton, B. Ann; Thompson, Ray; Moore-Dempsey, Laura; Janzen, Randy G. (28 February 2001). "Harm reduction theories and strategies for control of human immunodeficiency virus: a review of the literature". Journal of Advanced Nursing. 33 (3): 357–370. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01672.x. PMID 11251723.
Johnson, BT; Scott-Sheldon, LA; Huedo-Medina, TB; Carey, MP (January 2011). "Interventions to reduce sexual risk for human immunodeficiency virus in adolescents: a meta-analysis of trials, 1985–2008". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 165 (1): 77–84. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.251. PMC 4361805. PMID 21199984.
Oringanje, Chioma; Meremikwu, Martin M; Eko, Hokehe; Esu, Ekpereonne; Meremikwu, Anne; Ehiri, John E (3 February 2016). "Interventions for preventing unintended pregnancies among adolescents". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (2): CD005215. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005215.pub3. PMC 8730506. PMID 26839116.
Underhill, Kristen; Operario, Don; Montgomery, Paul (17 October 2007). "Abstinence-only programs for HIV infection prevention in high-income countries". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD005421. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005421.pub2. PMID 17943855.
Rekart ML (December 2005). "Sex-work harm reduction". Lancet. 366 (9503): 2123–2134. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67732-X. PMID 16360791. S2CID 11448309.
O’Hare, Pat (March 2007). "Merseyside, the first harm reduction conferences, and the early history of harm reduction". International Journal of Drug Policy. 18 (2): 141–144. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.01.003. PMID 17689357.
Kamerow D (2009). "The papal position on condoms and HIV". BMJ. 338: b1217. doi:10.1136/bmj.b1217. PMID 19321547. S2CID 30450691.
Roehr B (2009). "Pope claims that condoms exacerbate HIV and AIDS problem". BMJ. 338: b1206. doi:10.1136/bmj.b1206. PMID 19321545. S2CID 27621688.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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