History of Cleveland (English Wikipedia)

Avery, Elroy McKendree (1918). A History of Cleveland and Its Environs: The Heart of New Connecticut. Volume I. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co. p. 98.
Avery, Elroy McKendree (1918). A History of Cleveland and Its Environs: The Heart of New Connecticut. Volume II. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co. p. 11.
Stokes, Carl B. (1973). Promises of Power: A Political Autobiography. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-671-21602-3.

books.google.com

Bourne, Henry E. (1896). "The Story of Cleveland". New England Magazine. Vol. 14, no. 6. p. 744. It was agreeable to the wishes of many of our oldest and most intelligent citizens, who are of the opinion that the 'a' is superfluous.
Wickham, Gertrude Van Rensselaer (1899). "The Pioneer Mothers of Cleveland". Annals of the Early Settlers Association of Cuyahoga County. 4 (1). Cleveland: J.B. Savage: 490. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
Wickham, Gertrude Van Rensselaer (1914). The Pioneer Families of Cleveland 1796–1840. Cleveland: Evangelical Publishing. pp. 7–8. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
Guild, Mary A. Stiles Paul (1892). The Stiles Family in America. Albany: J. Munsell's Sons. p. 217. Retrieved January 4, 2015.

case.edu

Brose, David S. "Prehistoric Inhabitants". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Cleaveland, Moses". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. January 20, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
"Stiles, Job Phelps". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. January 20, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Carter, Lorenzo". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. January 20, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
"Newburgh". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
"War of 1812". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
"Perry Monument". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
"Willey, John Wheelock". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. January 20, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
"Columbus Street Bridge". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
"Immigration and Migration". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. February 25, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. "Abolitionism". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
"Cleveland Anti-Slavery Society". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
Stark, William C. "Civil War". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
"Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 22, 2018. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
"Mather, Samuel". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. February 12, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
"Euclid Ave.". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. July 15, 2019. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
Harrison, Dennis I. (January 29, 2021). "Labor". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
"Streetcar Strike of 1899". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 22, 2018. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
"McKisson, Robert Erastus". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 11 May 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
"African Americans". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
"Mall". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 22, 2018. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
"Johnson, Tom L.". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
"Baker, Newton Diehl". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
"Davis, Harry Lyman". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 14 April 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
"May Day Riots". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 19, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
"Playhouse Square". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 31, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
"Short Vincent". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 22, 2018. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
"Kokoon Arts Club". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 22, 2018. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
"Jazz". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
Richardson, James F. (June 18, 2018). "Politics". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
"Hopkins, William Rowland". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 11 May 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
"Eastman, Linda Anne". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 11, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
"Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 31, 2019. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
"Cleveland Public Library". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
"Van Sweringen, Oris Paxton and Mantis James". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 4 April 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
"Cleveland Union Terminal". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. January 20, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Miller, Raymond Thomas". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 5 March 2019. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
"Cleveland Police Department". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 31, 2019. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
"Ness, Eliot". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Great Lakes Exposition". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. March 21, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
"World War II". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 22, 2018. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
"Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 11, 2018. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
"Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co.". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
"Freed, Alan". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved June 22, 2010.
"Burke, Thomas A. (Aloysius)". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 31 January 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Burke Lakefront Airport". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Mayoral Administration of Anthony J. Celebrezze". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 11 May 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Erieview". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Mayoral Administration of Ralph S. Locher". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Suburbs". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
"Mayoral Administration of Carl B. Stokes". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 4 September 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Cleveland Now". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 11 May 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Mayoral Administration of Ralph J. Perk". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 11 May 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Cleveland Sister City Partnerships". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Cleveland Public Schools". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Mayoral Administration of Dennis J. Kucinich". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 12, 2018. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
"Recall Election". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 11 May 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
"Mayoral Administration of George V. Voinovich". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. February 21, 2019. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
"Fisher Body Division of General Motors Corp.". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
"Mayoral Administration of Michael R. White". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 11 May 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Mayoral Administration of Jane L. Campbell". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 11 May 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Mayoral Administration of Frank G. Jackson". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 11 May 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2020.

ech.case.edu

"Timeline". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 31, 2019. Retrieved August 5, 2019.

census.gov

Gibson, Campbell (June 1998). "Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 20, 2012.

cleveland-oh.gov

Jackson, Frank G. "2016 State of the City Address" (PDF). City of Cleveland. Retrieved August 9, 2019.

cleveland.com

Theiss, Evelyn (February 5, 2012). "In Cleveland's 'second downtown,' jazz once filled the air: Elegant Cleveland". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
Johnston, Laura (April 16, 2019). "Cuyahoga named River of the Year". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
Cooley, Patrick (November 2, 2017). "A historic look at former Cleveland Mayor Ralph J. Perk, the 'hottest mayor in the country'". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
Smith, Robert L. (August 20, 2012). "Former Cleveland Mayor Michael White chases, and catches, a new dream in the country". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
Jackson, Felesia M. (August 20, 2012). "Cuyahoga County's corruption investigation: A comprehensive guide". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
Goist, Robin (2020-06-28). "What happens after declaring racism a public health crisis? A Wisconsin county offers a clue". Cleveland.com. Retrieved 2020-06-28.

blog.cleveland.com

Jon Fobes/The Plain Dealer (February 8, 2009). "Unemployment hits nearly every area in Ohio, analysis of new claims finds". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved August 24, 2012.

expo.cleveland.com

Exner, Rich (May 23, 2019). "Cleveland's population flattens near 385,000 after decades of big losses, new census estimates say". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved July 15, 2019.

clevelandart.org

"Museum History". Cleveland Museum of Art. October 5, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2019.

clevelandhistorical.org

Rotman, Michael. "Columbus Street Bridge". Cleveland Historical. Cleveland State University. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
"In Search of the Underground Railroad". Cleveland Historical. Cleveland State University. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
"Abraham Lincoln in Cleveland". Cleveland Historical. Cleveland State University. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
Rose, Danielle. "Millionaire's Row". Cleveland Historical. Cleveland State University. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
Meiksins, Robin. "Tom L. Johnson". Cleveland Historical. Cleveland State University. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
"May Day Riot". Cleveland Historical. Cleveland State University. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
"Short Vincent". Cleveland Historical. Cleveland State University. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
"The Kokoon Arts Klub". Cleveland Historical. Cleveland State University. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
"Downtown Department Stores". Cleveland Historical. Cleveland State University. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
"Cleveland National Air Races". Cleveland Historical. Cleveland State University. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
Choffin, Morgan. "Daniel "Danny" Greene". Cleveland Historical. Cleveland State University. Retrieved May 30, 2020.

clevelandmagazine.com

Burton, Abby (November 25, 2019). "CLE Myths: The "A" In Cleaveland". Cleveland Magazine. Retrieved May 20, 2023.

clevelandmemory.org

Porter, Philip (1976). "Chapter 6". Cleveland: Confused City on a Seesaw. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-0-8142-0264-7. Archived from the original on July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
Porter, Philip W. (1976). "Chapter Nine: Erieview, the Big Mistake: 1953–1962". Cleveland: Confused City on a Seesaw. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-8142-0264-7. Archived from the original on July 20, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2009. Transcription at The Cleveland Memory Project website.

clevelandohio.gov

planning.clevelandohio.gov

"Census 2020 in Cleveland". Cleveland City Planning Commission. Retrieved July 11, 2022.

csuohio.edu

engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu

Salling, Mark; Cyran, Ellen (January 1, 2006). "Foreign-Born Population in Selected Ohio Cities, 1870 to 2000: A Brief Descriptive Report". Cleveland State University. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
Mosbrook, Joe (2003). Jazzed in Cleveland. Cleveland: Northeast Ohio Jazz Society. ISBN 978-1-936323-02-9. Retrieved 2019-06-14. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

degruyter.com

Gil, Troy (2013-12-31), "1980 Cleveland: "There You Go Again!" Defeating Defeatism— and Jimmy Carter", Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980's, Politics and Society in Modern America, Princeton University Press, p. 30, doi:10.1515/9781400849307.24, ISBN 978-1-4008-4930-7, retrieved 2021-11-24

doi.org

Gil, Troy (2013-12-31), "1980 Cleveland: "There You Go Again!" Defeating Defeatism— and Jimmy Carter", Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980's, Politics and Society in Modern America, Princeton University Press, p. 30, doi:10.1515/9781400849307.24, ISBN 978-1-4008-4930-7, retrieved 2021-11-24

fdic.gov

"The Banking Crises of the 1980s and Early 1990s: Summary and Implications" (PDF). Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Retrieved January 11, 2013.

ideastream.org

Eddings, Amy (November 14, 2017). "Divided by Design: Tracking Neighborhood Racial Segregation in Cleveland". WVIZ. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
Castele, Nick (November 2, 2021). "Justin Bibb will be Cleveland's next mayor". Ideastream. Retrieved November 2, 2021.

jsonline.com

Dirr, Alison. "Milwaukee County executive signs resolution declaring racism a public health crisis". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved 2020-06-28.

nba.com

McCauley, Janie (June 19, 2016). "James and Cavaliers win thrilling NBA Finals Game 7, 93–89". National Basketball Association. Archived from the original on August 14, 2017. Retrieved June 20, 2016.

ncl.org

"AAC Winners by State and City". National Civic League. Retrieved December 11, 2010.

nps.gov

"Carl B. Stokes and the 1969 River Fire". National Park Service. Retrieved May 30, 2020.

nytimes.com

timesmachine.nytimes.com

"Cleveland Court Winner: Sixth City Gets Permanent Possession of Inter-Lake Trophy" (PDF). The New York Times. August 3, 1919. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
"Cleveland Proposes to Deport All Reds" (PDF). The New York Times. New York, NY. June 5, 1919. p. 2.

nytimes.com

"Republic Steel To Close Mill". The New York Times. August 7, 1982.
Maag, Christopher (June 20, 2009). "From the Ashes of '69, Cleveland's Cuyahoga River Is Reborn". The New York Times. Retrieved July 25, 2019.

ohiohistorycentral.org

"Great Depression". Ohio History Central. Retrieved July 21, 2022.

pbs.org

"Rockefellers Timeline". PBS. 1999–2000. Retrieved July 7, 2010. 1870 Rockefeller founds Standard Oil of Ohio with $1 million in capital, the largest corporation in the country. The new company controls 10% of U.S. petroleum refining. 1885 Standard Oil Standard Oil moves into new headquarters at 26 Broadway in New York.

the-eye.eu

Messick, Hank (1967) The Silent Syndicate Archived 2021-08-28 at the Wayback Machine. New York: Macmillan Company.

web.archive.org

Messick, Hank (1967) The Silent Syndicate Archived 2021-08-28 at the Wayback Machine. New York: Macmillan Company.
Porter, Philip (1976). "Chapter 6". Cleveland: Confused City on a Seesaw. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-0-8142-0264-7. Archived from the original on July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
Porter, Philip W. (1976). "Chapter Nine: Erieview, the Big Mistake: 1953–1962". Cleveland: Confused City on a Seesaw. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-8142-0264-7. Archived from the original on July 20, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2009. Transcription at The Cleveland Memory Project website.
McCauley, Janie (June 19, 2016). "James and Cavaliers win thrilling NBA Finals Game 7, 93–89". National Basketball Association. Archived from the original on August 14, 2017. Retrieved June 20, 2016.

worldcat.org

McGirr, Lisa (2016). The War on Alcohol: Prohibition and the Rise of the American State (1 ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-06695-1. OCLC 902661500.