History of Lebanon (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "History of Lebanon" in English language version.

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99web.archive.org

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Douka, Katerina. "Douka, K. 2011. An Upper Palaeolithic shell scraper from Ksar Akil (Lebanon). Journal of Archaeological Science 38 (2):429-437". doi:10.1016/J.JAS.2010.09.026. Archived from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2017-12-03.

ahram.org.eg

weekly.ahram.org.eg

"Al-Ahram Weekly | Region | the limits of loyalty". Archived from the original on 2007-04-13. Retrieved 2007-04-02. The limits of loyalty from Al-Aharam weekly.com, retrieved at April 2, 2007.
The quote is: "The police state ... has proven its efficiency in targeting one of the symbols of the nation... ", see "Al-Ahram Weekly | Region | Lebanon at the crossroads". Archived from the original on 2013-03-27. Retrieved 2013-04-19. Lebanon at the crossroads, Al-Aharam Weekly, retrieved at April 2, 2007

alarabiya.net

english.alarabiya.net

"Lebanon's informal capital controls explained: Why can't Lebanese access their money?". 15 November 2020. Archived from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
"Lebanon's government wins confidence vote in Parliament". Al Arabiya English. 26 February 2025.

aljazeera.com

"Lebanese petrol stations shudder to a halt amid nationwide strike". Archived from the original on 2019-12-26. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
"Lebanon wildfires: Hellish scenes in mountains south of Beirut". Archived from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
Azhari, Timour. "Lebanon will default on its debt for the first time ever". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 2020-09-18. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
Chehayeb, Kareem. "Lebanese Sunni leaders endorse Mikati to form new government". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2021-07-26.
Chehayeb, Kareem. "After elections in Lebanon, does political change stand a chance?". www.aljazeera.com.
Chehayeb, Kareem. "Hezbollah allies projected to suffer losses in Lebanon elections". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 2022-10-05. Retrieved 2022-05-28.
Chehayeb, Kareem. "Hariri's absence leaves Sunni voters unsure ahead of Lebanon poll". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 2022-05-28. Retrieved 2022-05-28.
"Mapping 11 months of Israel-Lebanon cross-border attacks". Al Jazeera. 11 September 2024. Archived from the original on 19 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
"Do Lebanon explosions violate the laws of war?". Al Jazeera. 18 September 2024.
"Israel bombs Lebanon updates: Hezbollah responds as Israeli raids kill 569". Al Jazeera. 24 September 2024.
Al Jazeera Staff. "Who was Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah leader killed in Israeli strike?". Al Jazeera.
Al Jazeera Staff. "Who is Joseph Aoun, the new president of Lebanon?". Al Jazeera.
"Lebanon names new government after two-year caretaker cabinet". Al Jazeera.

aljazeera.net

english.aljazeera.net

"AJE". Al Jazeera English. 2011-12-26. Retrieved 2012-08-13.^{[permanent dead link]}

annahar.com

en.annahar.com

"Lebanon's wildfires call for an appropriate disaster risk management plan". Archived from the original on 2019-10-18.

archive.org

Fawaz, L.T. (1994). An Occasion for War: Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520087828. Retrieved 2015-04-16.

archive.today

Lorraine Copeland; P. Wescombe (1965). Inventory of Stone-Age sites in Lebanon, p. 73-75 and see fig. XVII on p. 163 for drawing by Peter. J. Wescombe of the javelin found at Beirut VI. Imprimerie Catholique. Archived from the original on December 24, 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2011.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Lebanon profile - Timeline". BBC News. 2012-05-21. Archived from the original on 2008-12-18. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
"Syria: The power in Lebanon". BBC News. April 16, 2001. Archived from the original on June 30, 2006. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Young in the Arab World: Lebanon". BBC News. February 8, 2005. Archived from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Move to bolster Lebanon president". BBC News. August 28, 2004. Archived from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"In focus: Shebaa farms". BBC News. May 25, 2000. Archived from the original on August 26, 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Israeli jets hit Lebanon targets". BBC News. January 20, 2004. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Hezbollah condemned for attacking Israel". BBC News. April 15, 2001. Archived from the original on September 13, 2007. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Lebanon appoints prime minister". BBC News. October 21, 2004. Archived from the original on May 18, 2006. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Beirut protesters denounce Syria". BBC News. February 21, 2005. Archived from the original on May 12, 2006. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"UN to investigate Hariri killing". BBC News. February 19, 2005. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Syria looks to Riyadh for support". BBC News. March 3, 2005. Archived from the original on August 15, 2023. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Lebanon finds unity in street rallies". BBC News. March 3, 2005. Archived from the original on June 22, 2023. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Lebanese ministers forced to quit". BBC News. February 28, 2005. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Assad pledges Lebanon withdrawal". BBC News. March 2, 2005. Archived from the original on August 15, 2023. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Syria sidesteps Lebanon demands". BBC News. March 6, 2005. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"'Record' protest held in Beirut". BBC News. March 14, 2005. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Who's who in Lebanon". BBC News. March 14, 2005. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
"Hariri 'threatened by Syria head'". BBC News. 30 December 2005. Archived from the original on 27 May 2006. Retrieved 2 April 2010.

bbc.co.uk

"Hezbollah and allies topple Lebanese unity government". BBC. 12 January 2011. Archived from the original on 13 January 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2011.

bbc.com

BBC staff (26 November 2014). "Six unexpected WW1 battlegrounds". BBC News. BBC. BBC News Services. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
"Lebanon ceasefire: What we know about Israel-Hezbollah deal". www.bbc.com. 27 November 2024.

bloomberg.com

"Lebanon's Banks Set Limits They Won't Call Capital Controls - Bloomberg". Bloomberg News. 17 November 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-09-02. Retrieved 2021-04-04.

books.google.com

Lorraine Copeland; P. Wescombe (1965). Inventory of Stone-Age sites in Lebanon, p. 73-75 and see fig. XVII on p. 163 for drawing by Peter. J. Wescombe of the javelin found at Beirut VI. Imprimerie Catholique. Archived from the original on December 24, 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
Sorenson, David S. (2009-11-12). Global Security Watch—Lebanon: A Reference Handbook: A Reference Handbook. Abc-Clio. ISBN 9780313365799. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
Page, Melvin E. & Sonnenburg, Penny M. Colonialism: an international, social, cultural, and political encyclopedia. A-M. Archived 2023-03-29 at the Wayback Machine Vol. 1, Volume 2 ABC-CLIO, 2003 ISBN 978-1576073353 p 338
Kobishchanov, Taras Y. (19 October 2020). "On the eve of colonialism: Arab rulers and Russian authorities at the last third of the 18th century". In Michalak-Pikulska, Barbara; Piela, Marek; Majtczak, Tomasz (eds.). Oriental Languages and Civilizations. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskego (published 2020). p. 235. ISBN 9788323371274. Retrieved 27 January 2022. On June 28, 1772 the emir of Mount Lebanon Yusuf Shihab (1752–1790) announced the transition to the Russian 'protectorate' and the consent to pay an annual tribute [...]. [...] The mutual rapprochement was interrupted by the armistice between Russia and the Ottoman Empire concluded on May 20, 1772 in Focsani. [...] on January 1 of 1774 on the eve of the departure of Russian ships from Beirut, the emir of Mount Lebanon appealed to count Orlov with a petition to extend the subjection of the empress Catherine II to him.
Vocke, Harald (1978). The Lebanese war: its origins and political dimensions. C. Hurst. p. 10. ISBN 0-903983-92-3.
Firro, Kais (2003). Inventing Lebanon: Nationalism and the State Under the Mandate, Kais Firro, p18. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781860648571.
Hakim, Carol (19 January 2013). The Origins of the Lebanese National Idea: 1840-1920, Carol Hakim, p287. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520273412.
Salibi 1990, p. 26: "Since the turn of the century, however, the Maronites had pressed for the extension of this small Lebanese territory to what they argued were its natural and historical boundaries: it would then include the coastal towns of Tripoli, Beirut, Sidon and Tyre and their respective hinterlands, which belonged to the Vilayet of Beirut; and the fertile valley of the Bekaa (the four Kazas, or administrtative districts, of Baalbek, the Bekaa, Rashayya and Hasbayya), which belonged to the Vilayet of Damascus. According to the Maronite argument, this 'Greater Lebanon' had always had a special social and historical character, different from that of its surroundings, which made it necessary and indeed imperative for France to help establish it as an independent state. While France had strong sympathies for the Maronites, the French government did not support their demands without reserve. In Mount Lebanon, the Maronites had formed a clear majority of the population. In a 'Greater Lebanon', they were bound to be outnumbered by the Muslims of the coastal towns and their hinterlands, and by those of the Bekaa valley; and all the Christian communities together, in a 'Greater Lebanon', could at best amount to a bare majority. The Maronites, however, were insistent in their demands. Their secular and clerical leaders had pressed for them during the war years among the Allied powers, not excluding the United States." Salibi, Kamal (1990). A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07196-4.
Dalrymple, William (1997). From the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East. Vintage Books (Random House). p. 252. ISBN 0006547745.. Reprint (possibly with different page numbers).

britannica.com

"Lebanon - French Mandate, Mediterranean, Phoenicians | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2025-06-23. Retrieved 2025-06-24.
"Barcelona - Catalan, Mediterranean, Architecture | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-07-28. Retrieved 2024-07-28.
"Phoenicia | Definition, Location, History, Religion, & Language | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-06-24. Retrieved 2024-07-28.

carnegieendowment.org

"Lebanon's New Political Moment" (PDF). a study from Carnegie Endowment. Archived from the original (117 KB PDF) on 2007-04-11. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
Kverme, Kai (14 February 2013). "The Refugee Factor". SADA. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.

cnn.com

articles.cnn.com

"Hezbollah chief: Israel killed Hariri". CNN. 9 August 2010. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2013.

dailystar.com.lb

"News :: Politics :: Lebanese presidential crisis boils over". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 2010-10-29. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
"News :: Politics :: Saudi ruler demands rapid Syrian withdrawal". The Daily Star. 2005-03-04. Archived from the original on 2009-02-21. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
"News :: Politics :: Opposition offers subtle salute to Hizbullah". The Daily Star. 2005-03-09. Archived from the original on 2009-02-21. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
Abdallah, Hussein (22 May 2008). "Lebanese rivals set to elect president after historic accord". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
"Lebanese millers say wheat reserves fall due to ongoing 'dollar problem' | Business, Local | THE DAILY STAR". Archived from the original on 2019-11-07. Retrieved 2021-03-20.

doi.org

Kuhn, Steven; Stiner, MC; Reese, DS; Güleç, E (2001). "Ornaments of the earliest Upper Paleolithic: New insights from the Levant". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (13): 7641–6. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.7641K. doi:10.1073/pnas.121590798. PMC 34721. PMID 11390976.
Douka, Katerina. "Douka, K. 2011. An Upper Palaeolithic shell scraper from Ksar Akil (Lebanon). Journal of Archaeological Science 38 (2):429-437". doi:10.1016/J.JAS.2010.09.026. Archived from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2017-12-03.
Kuhn, Steven L.; Stiner, Mary C.; Reese, David S.; Güleç, Erksin (2001-06-19). "Ornaments of the earliest Upper Paleolithic: New insights from the Levant". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (13): 7641–7646. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.7641K. doi:10.1073/pnas.121590798. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 34721. PMID 11390976.
"The 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon: the casualties". Race & Class. 24 (4): 340–3. 1983. doi:10.1177/030639688302400404. S2CID 220910633.
Khayyat, Munira (2022). A Landscape of War: Ecologies of Resistance and Survival in South Lebanon (1 ed.). University of California Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv2zp50qx. ISBN 978-0-520-38998-4. JSTOR j.ctv2zp50qx.

ehdenfamilytree.org

"Youssef Bey Karam on Ehden Family Tree website". Archived from the original on 2019-03-29. Retrieved 2019-04-10.

escwa.org.lb

"United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia". Escwa.org.lb. Archived from the original on 2006-05-14. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
"United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia". Escwa.org.lb. Archived from the original on 2004-12-04. Retrieved 2012-08-13.

france24.com

"Beirut street clashes turn deadly". France 24. Archived from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
"Lebanese billionaire Najib Mikati picked as new PM-designate". France 24. 2021-07-26. Archived from the original on 2021-07-26. Retrieved 2021-07-26.
"Deadly clashes erupt over judge investigating Beirut blast". France 24. 14 October 2021. Archived from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.

ft.com

Cornish, Chloe (25 June 2020). "IMF reports $49bn losses at Lebanon central bank as bailout talks drag". The Financial Times. The Financial Times Ltd. Archived from the original on 2022-12-10.

ghostarchive.org

Cornish, Chloe (25 June 2020). "IMF reports $49bn losses at Lebanon central bank as bailout talks drag". The Financial Times. The Financial Times Ltd. Archived from the original on 2022-12-10.

globalpolitician.com

Ruff, Abdul (1 June 2008). "Lebanon back to Normalcy?". Global Politician. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2009.

haaretz.com

Harel, Amos (22 November 2005). "11 Israelis injured, at least 4 Hezbollah gunmen killed in failed kidnap attempt". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 12 January 2008. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
Ashkenazi, Eli (23 November 2005). "'I'm not the hero of the day'". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 12 January 2008. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
"Title". Archived from the original on 2006-01-10. Retrieved 2005-12-28.
Associated, The (2005-12-30). "Lebanese army sappers defuse rockets intended for Israel - Israel News | Haaretz Daily Newspaper". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 2012-08-14.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Kuhn, Steven; Stiner, MC; Reese, DS; Güleç, E (2001). "Ornaments of the earliest Upper Paleolithic: New insights from the Levant". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (13): 7641–6. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.7641K. doi:10.1073/pnas.121590798. PMC 34721. PMID 11390976.
Kuhn, Steven L.; Stiner, Mary C.; Reese, David S.; Güleç, Erksin (2001-06-19). "Ornaments of the earliest Upper Paleolithic: New insights from the Levant". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (13): 7641–7646. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.7641K. doi:10.1073/pnas.121590798. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 34721. PMID 11390976.

hir.harvard.edu

"1408 Articles | Harvard International Review". Hir.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-07-21. Retrieved 2012-08-13.

hrw.org

"Lebanon: Lethal Force Used Against Protesters". 26 August 2020. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2021.

independent.co.uk

Maddox, B. (19 September 2024). "The Hezbollah pager attacks prove that Israel has no strategy for peace". The Independent. Retrieved 19 September 2024.

irinnews.org

"Life set to get harder for Nahr al-Bared refugees". UN IRIN newsg. 5 November 2008. Archived from the original on 22 September 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2013.

jstor.org

Traboulsi, Fawwaz (2012). A History of Modern Lebanon. Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-3274-1.
Khayyat, Munira (2022). A Landscape of War: Ecologies of Resistance and Survival in South Lebanon (1 ed.). University of California Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv2zp50qx. ISBN 978-0-520-38998-4. JSTOR j.ctv2zp50qx.

lebanonwire.com

"U.S. Escalates 'Hands-Off-Lebanon' Pressure on Syria". Lebanonwire.com. Archived from the original on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2012-08-13.

libnanews.com

"Après 13 mois, un gouvernement enfin formé au Liban". Libnanews (in French). 2021-09-10. Archived from the original on 2021-10-18. Retrieved 2021-10-15.

loc.gov

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: McGowan, Afaf Sabeh (1989). Collelo, Thomas (ed.). Lebanon: a country study. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 12. OCLC 44356055. Archived from the original on 2019-04-20. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: McGowan, Afaf Sabeh (1989). Collelo, Thomas (ed.). Lebanon: a country study. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 12. OCLC 44356055. Archived from the original on 2019-04-20. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: McGowan, Afaf Sabeh (1989). Collelo, Thomas (ed.). Lebanon: a country study. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 12–13. OCLC 44356055. Archived from the original on 2019-04-20. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: McGowan, Afaf Sabeh (1989). "The Shihabs, 1697-1842". In Collelo, Thomas (ed.). Lebanon: a country study. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 13–14. OCLC 44356055. Archived from the original on 2019-04-20. Retrieved 2021-07-16.

memri.org

"Lebanese Daily: Hizbullah Drills Takeover of Lebanon". Middle East Media Research Institute. 3 November 2010. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2015.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kuhn, Steven; Stiner, MC; Reese, DS; Güleç, E (2001). "Ornaments of the earliest Upper Paleolithic: New insights from the Levant". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (13): 7641–6. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.7641K. doi:10.1073/pnas.121590798. PMC 34721. PMID 11390976.
Kuhn, Steven L.; Stiner, Mary C.; Reese, David S.; Güleç, Erksin (2001-06-19). "Ornaments of the earliest Upper Paleolithic: New insights from the Levant". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (13): 7641–7646. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.7641K. doi:10.1073/pnas.121590798. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 34721. PMID 11390976.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kuhn, Steven; Stiner, MC; Reese, DS; Güleç, E (2001). "Ornaments of the earliest Upper Paleolithic: New insights from the Levant". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (13): 7641–6. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.7641K. doi:10.1073/pnas.121590798. PMC 34721. PMID 11390976.
Kuhn, Steven L.; Stiner, Mary C.; Reese, David S.; Güleç, Erksin (2001-06-19). "Ornaments of the earliest Upper Paleolithic: New insights from the Levant". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (13): 7641–7646. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.7641K. doi:10.1073/pnas.121590798. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 34721. PMID 11390976.

nytimes.com

Anziska, Seth (September 17, 2012). "A Preventable Massacre". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2014-08-15. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
MacFarquhar, Neil (March 15, 2005). "Huge Demonstration in Lebanon Demands End to Syrian Control". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
Worth, Robert; Nada Bakri (16 May 2008). "Feuding Political Camps in Lebanon Agree to Talk to End Impasse". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
Bakri, Nada (12 January 2011). "Resignations Deepen Crisis for Lebanon". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
Cave, Damien (23 August 2012). "Syrian War Plays Out Along a Street in Lebanon". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
Hubbard, Ben; El-Naggar, Mona (8 August 2020). "Clashes Erupt in Beirut at Blast Protest as Lebanon's Anger Boils over". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2021.

pbs.org

"Lebanon struggles to emerge from financial crisis and government corruption". pbs.org. 3 July 2023. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.

reuters.com

Nakhoul, Samia (23 July 2020). "Lebanese central bank governor inflated assets as liabilities grew-audit". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
"Israel rejects US-backed Lebanon ceasefire plan, hits Beirut again". Reuters. 26 September 2024.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

"The 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon: the casualties". Race & Class. 24 (4): 340–3. 1983. doi:10.1177/030639688302400404. S2CID 220910633.

stratfor.com

"Hezbollah Threatens an 'Explosion' in Beirut Over Tribunal". Stratfor. Archived from the original on 2013-11-10.

sup.org

Tanielian, Melanie Schulze (2018). Charity of War: Famine, Humanitarian Aid and World War I in the Middle East. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9781503603523. Archived from the original on 2023-07-13. Retrieved 2017-11-14.

the961.com

Staff (1 November 2019). "Lebanese Protesters Addressed President Aoun with an Urgent Demand/". the961.com. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2019.

theconversation.com

Rebeiz, Mireille (11 December 2024). "Assad's fall in Syria will further weaken Hezbollah and curtails Tehran's 'Iranization' of region". The Conversation.

theglobeandmail.com

MacKinnon, Mark (15 August 2020). "Lebanese protesters fight to bring down the system". The Globe and Mail Inc. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
MacKinnon, Mark (16 August 2020). "Leaders fear crisis sparked by Beirut blast could lead to civil war". The Globe and Mail Inc. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
Lederer, Edith M. (14 August 2020). "UN launches $565-million appeal for Beirut explosion victims". The Globe and Mail Inc. The Associated Press. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.

thenational.ae

"Lebanon's dark days of hunger: The Great Famine of 1915-18". 14 April 2015. Archived from the original on 6 October 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.

timesofisrael.com

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