History of technology (English Wikipedia)

Griffin, Emma. "'The Mechanical Age': technology, innovation and industrialisation". Short History of the British Industrial Revolution. Palgrave. Retrieved 6 February 2013.

archive.org

Bjork, Gordon J. (1999). The Way It Worked and Why It Won't: Structural Change and the Slowdown of U.S. Economic Growth. Westport, CT; London: Praeger. pp. 2, 67. ISBN 978-0-275-96532-7.
Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart (1999). Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence. Eisenbrauns. p. 4. ISBN 9781575060422.
Wood, Michael (2000). Ancient Machines: From Grunts to Graffiti. Minneapolis, MN: Runestone Press. pp. 35, 36. ISBN 0-8225-2996-3.
Teresi, Dick (2002). Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science—from the Babylonians to the Maya. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 351–352. ISBN 0-684-83718-8.
Hero (1899). "Pneumatika, Book ΙΙ, Chapter XI". Herons von Alexandria Druckwerke und Automatentheater (in Greek and German). Wilhelm Schmidt (translator). Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. pp. 228–232.
Stark, Rodney (2005). The Victory of Reason: How Christianity Led to Freedom, Capitalism and Western Success. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 0-8129-7233-3.
Eldridge, Frank (1980). Wind Machines (2nd ed.). New York: Litton Educational Publishing, Inc. p. 15. ISBN 0-442-26134-9.
Pacey, Arnold (1991) [1990]. Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-Year History (First MIT Press paperback ed.). Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. pp. 23–24.
Sally Ganchy, Sarah Gancher (2009), Islam and Science, Medicine, and Technology, The Rosen Publishing Group, p. 41, ISBN 978-1-4358-5066-8
Musson; Robinson (1969). Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution. University of Toronto Press. p. 506. ISBN 9780802016379.
Merson, John (1990). The Genius That Was China: East and West in the Making of the Modern World. Woodstock, NY: The Overlook Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-87951-397-9. A companion to the PBS Series "The Genius That Was China"
Chandler, Alfred D. Jr. (1993). The Visible Hand: The Management Revolution in American Business. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-94052-9.
Thomson, Ross (1989). The Path to Mechanized Shoe Production in the United States. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-1867-1.

archive.today

Burke, Ariane. "Archaeology". Encyclopedia Americana. Archived from the original on 21 May 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008.

bbc.co.uk

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"Ancient 'tool factory' uncovered". BBC News. 6 May 1999. Retrieved 18 February 2007.

books.google.com

Faiella, Graham (2006). The Technology of Mesopotamia. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 27. ISBN 9781404205604.
Woods, Michael; Mary B. Woods (2000). Ancient Machines: From Wedges to Waterwheels. US: Twenty-First Century Books. p. 58. ISBN 0-8225-2994-7.
Selin, Helaine (2013). Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 282. ISBN 9789401714167.
Žmolek, Michael Andrew (2013). Rethinking the Industrial Revolution: Five Centuries of Transition from Agrarian to Industrial Capitalism in England. BRILL. p. 328. ISBN 9789004251793. The spinning jenny was basically an adaptation of its precursor the spinning wheel
Hill, Donald (1998). Studies in Medieval Islamic Technology: From Philo to Al-Jazarī, from Alexandria to Diyār Bakr. Ashgate. pp. 231–232. ISBN 978-0-86078-606-1.
Concepts and practice of humanitarian medicine (2008) Par S. William Gunn, M. Masellis ISBN 0-387-72263-7 [2]

breakthroughinitiatives.org

"Breakthrough Initiatives". breakthroughinitiatives.org. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

britannica.com

"history of technology – Summary & Facts". Retrieved 22 January 2018.

caranddriver.com

Swan, Tony (April 2013). "Ford's Assembly Line Turns 100: How It Really Put the World on Wheels". Car and Driver. Retrieved 26 March 2017.

cesaremarchetti.org

Marchetti, Cesare (January 1979). "A postmortem technology assessment of the spinning wheel: The last thousand years" (PDF). Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 13 (1): 91–93. doi:10.1016/0040-1625(79)90008-8. S2CID 154202306. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-02. Retrieved 2010-10-23.

discovermagazine.com

"DNA Is Not Destiny: The New Science of Epigenetics". DiscoverMagazine.com. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

doi.org

Heinzelin, Jean de; Clark, JD; White, T; Hart, W; Renne, P; Woldegabriel, G; Beyene, Y; Vrba, E (April 1999). "Environment and Behavior of 2.5-Million-Year-Old Bouri Hominids". Science. 284 (5414): 625–629. Bibcode:1999Sci...284..625D. doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.625. PMID 10213682.
Plummer, Thomas (2004). "Flaked Stones and Old Bones: Biological and Cultural Evolution at the Dawn of Technology". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Suppl 39 (47). Yearbook of Physical Anthropology: 118–64. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20157. PMID 15605391.
Watson, Andrew M. (1974). "The Arab Agricultural Revolution and Its Diffusion, 700–1100". The Journal of Economic History. 34 (1): 8–35. doi:10.1017/S0022050700079602. JSTOR 2116954. S2CID 154359726.
Koetsier, Teun (2001), "On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators", Mechanism and Machine Theory, 36 (5), Elsevier: 589–603, doi:10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2.
Kapur, Ajay; Carnegie, Dale; Murphy, Jim; Long, Jason (2017). "Loudspeakers Optional: A history of non-loudspeaker-based electroacoustic music". Organised Sound. 22 (2). Cambridge University Press: 195–205. doi:10.1017/S1355771817000103. ISSN 1355-7718.
Marchetti, Cesare (January 1979). "A postmortem technology assessment of the spinning wheel: The last thousand years" (PDF). Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 13 (1): 91–93. doi:10.1016/0040-1625(79)90008-8. S2CID 154202306. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-02. Retrieved 2010-10-23.

findarticles.com

Paul Vallely, How Islamic Inventors Changed the World, The Independent, 11 March 2006.

greatachievements.org

"Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century". greatachievements.org. Retrieved 7 April 2015.

grolier.com

ea.grolier.com

Burke, Ariane. "Archaeology". Encyclopedia Americana. Archived from the original on 21 May 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Heinzelin, Jean de; Clark, JD; White, T; Hart, W; Renne, P; Woldegabriel, G; Beyene, Y; Vrba, E (April 1999). "Environment and Behavior of 2.5-Million-Year-Old Bouri Hominids". Science. 284 (5414): 625–629. Bibcode:1999Sci...284..625D. doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.625. PMID 10213682.

history-science-technology.com

Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering Archived 18 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Potassium Nitrate in Arabic and Latin Sources Archived 26 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine, History of Science and Technology in Islam.
Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Gunpowder Composition for Rockets and Cannon in Arabic Military Treatises In Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries Archived 26 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine, History of Science and Technology in Islam.
Taqi al-Din and the First Steam Turbine, 1551 A.D. Archived 2008-02-18 at the Wayback Machine, web page, accessed on line 23 October 2009; this web page refers to Ahmad Y Hassan (1976), Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering, pp. 34–5, Institute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo.

iiasa.ac.at

pure.iiasa.ac.at

Ayres, Robert (1989). "Technological Transformations and Long Waves" (PDF). IIASA Research Report. Laxenburg, Austria: IIASA. RR-89-001.

itu.int

"United Nations International Telecommunication Union Statistics". ITU.

jstor.org

Watson, Andrew M. (1974). "The Arab Agricultural Revolution and Its Diffusion, 700–1100". The Journal of Economic History. 34 (1): 8–35. doi:10.1017/S0022050700079602. JSTOR 2116954. S2CID 154359726.

lindau-nobel.org

Elanzeery, Hossam (13 June 2016). "Science in Ancient Egypt & Today: Connecting Eras". The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings. Retrieved 2019-07-29.

livescience.com

amp.livescience.com

"Ancient Mayans Likely Had Fountains and Toilets". Live Science. December 23, 2009.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Hounshell, David A. (1984), From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States, Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-0-8018-2975-8, LCCN 83016269, OCLC 1104810110

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

Lovgren, Stefan. "Ancient Tools Unearthed in Siberian Arctic". National Geographic News. National Geographic. Archived from the original on January 16, 2004. Retrieved 7 April 2015.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Heinzelin, Jean de; Clark, JD; White, T; Hart, W; Renne, P; Woldegabriel, G; Beyene, Y; Vrba, E (April 1999). "Environment and Behavior of 2.5-Million-Year-Old Bouri Hominids". Science. 284 (5414): 625–629. Bibcode:1999Sci...284..625D. doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.625. PMID 10213682.
Plummer, Thomas (2004). "Flaked Stones and Old Bones: Biological and Cultural Evolution at the Dawn of Technology". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Suppl 39 (47). Yearbook of Physical Anthropology: 118–64. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20157. PMID 15605391.

oxfordreference.com

"Timeline: 8th century". Oxford reference. HistoryWorld. Retrieved 9 April 2015.

panix.com

Gilder, George (May 16, 1997). "Fiber Keeps its Promise". Forbes.

sciencedaily.com

"National Academy Of Engineering Reveals Top Engineering Impacts Of The 20th Century: Electrification Cited As Most Important". March 3, 2000.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Watson, Andrew M. (1974). "The Arab Agricultural Revolution and Its Diffusion, 700–1100". The Journal of Economic History. 34 (1): 8–35. doi:10.1017/S0022050700079602. JSTOR 2116954. S2CID 154359726.
Marchetti, Cesare (January 1979). "A postmortem technology assessment of the spinning wheel: The last thousand years" (PDF). Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 13 (1): 91–93. doi:10.1016/0040-1625(79)90008-8. S2CID 154202306. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-02. Retrieved 2010-10-23.

si.edu

anthropology.si.edu

"Human Ancestors Hall: Homo sapiens". Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 1 May 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2007.

statista.com

"Statista Electricity Access Keeps Climbing Globally". OECD. January 7, 2019.

stfc.ac.uk

"World's Largest Science Experiment comes to Northern Ireland". Science & Technology Facilities Council. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.

stlcc.edu

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de Safita, Neathery (July 2002). "A Brief History Of Paper". Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2015.

supremecourt.gov

Carpenter v. United States. No. 16–402. Argued November 29, 2017—Decided June 22, 2018 (Supreme Court of the United States). October term, 2017. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16-402_h315.pdf

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home.swipnet.se

Donald Routledge Hill, "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", Scientific American, May 1991, pp. 64–9 (cf. Donald Routledge Hill, Mechanical Engineering Archived 25 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine)
Donald Routledge Hill, "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", Scientific American, May 1991, pp. 64–9 (cf. Donald Routledge Hill, Mechanical Engineering Archived 2007-12-25 at the Wayback Machine)

toptenz.net

"Top 10 Greatest Inventions of the 19th Century". Toptenz.net. 2010-08-09. Retrieved 2017-10-04.

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Knight, Elliot; Smith, Karen. "American Materialism". The University of Alabama – Department of Anthropology. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2015.

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"History of the Chelsea Waterworks". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2014.

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Knight, Elliot; Smith, Karen. "American Materialism". The University of Alabama – Department of Anthropology. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
"Human Ancestors Hall: Homo sapiens". Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 1 May 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2007.
Lovgren, Stefan. "Ancient Tools Unearthed in Siberian Arctic". National Geographic News. National Geographic. Archived from the original on January 16, 2004. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering Archived 18 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
Donald Routledge Hill, "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", Scientific American, May 1991, pp. 64–9 (cf. Donald Routledge Hill, Mechanical Engineering Archived 25 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine)
Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Potassium Nitrate in Arabic and Latin Sources Archived 26 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine, History of Science and Technology in Islam.
Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Gunpowder Composition for Rockets and Cannon in Arabic Military Treatises In Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries Archived 26 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine, History of Science and Technology in Islam.
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Donald Routledge Hill, "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", Scientific American, May 1991, pp. 64–9 (cf. Donald Routledge Hill, Mechanical Engineering Archived 2007-12-25 at the Wayback Machine)
Taqi al-Din and the First Steam Turbine, 1551 A.D. Archived 2008-02-18 at the Wayback Machine, web page, accessed on line 23 October 2009; this web page refers to Ahmad Y Hassan (1976), Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering, pp. 34–5, Institute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo.
de Safita, Neathery (July 2002). "A Brief History Of Paper". Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
Marchetti, Cesare (January 1979). "A postmortem technology assessment of the spinning wheel: The last thousand years" (PDF). Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 13 (1): 91–93. doi:10.1016/0040-1625(79)90008-8. S2CID 154202306. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-02. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
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"World's Largest Science Experiment comes to Northern Ireland". Science & Technology Facilities Council. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.

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Kapur, Ajay; Carnegie, Dale; Murphy, Jim; Long, Jason (2017). "Loudspeakers Optional: A history of non-loudspeaker-based electroacoustic music". Organised Sound. 22 (2). Cambridge University Press: 195–205. doi:10.1017/S1355771817000103. ISSN 1355-7718.
Hounshell, David A. (1984), From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States, Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-0-8018-2975-8, LCCN 83016269, OCLC 1104810110

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