History of trams (English Wikipedia)

American Public Transportation Association. "Milestones in U.S. Public Transportation History". Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2013.

archive.org

Kaempffert & Martin 1924, pp. 122–123. Kaempffert, Waldemar Bernhard, Editor; Martin, T. Comerford (1924). A Popular History of American Invention. Vol. 1. London, UK; New York, USA: Charles Scribner's Sons. Retrieved 11 March 2017 – via Internet Archive. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hammond 2011, p. 142. Hammond, John Winthrop (2011) [1941]. Men and volts; the story of General Electric. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; London, UK: General Electric Company; J. B. Lippincott & Co.; Literary Licensing, LLC. ISBN 978-1-258-03284-5 – via Internet archive. He was to produce the first motor that operated without gears of any sort, having its armature direct-connected to the car axle. {{cite book}}: External link in |via= (help)

archive.today

Bellis, Mary. "History of Streetcars and Cable Cars". Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2007.
"1876–1964 (Überblick)". Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
http://www.google.com.au/search?q=%22gas+tram%22+Northcote+history&rls=com.microsoft:en-au:IE-SearchBox&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sourceid=ie7&rlz=1I7GGLL_en-GB&redir_esc=&ei=R1MvTpXqGamdmQW4ofga Archived 30 December 2012 at archive.today

bbc.co.uk

"Edinburgh tram starting date revealed as 31 May". BBC. 2 May 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2015.

beograd.org.rs

"City of Belgrade – Important Years in City History". Beograd.org.rs. 5 October 2000. Archived from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

books.google.com

"This is how some of the world's familiar..." Archived 1 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine Popular Mechanics, May 1929, pg. 750. via Google Books.
Hammond 2011, p. 142. Hammond, John Winthrop (2011) [1941]. Men and volts; the story of General Electric. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; London, UK: General Electric Company; J. B. Lippincott & Co.; Literary Licensing, LLC. ISBN 978-1-258-03284-5 – via Internet archive. He was to produce the first motor that operated without gears of any sort, having its armature direct-connected to the car axle. {{cite book}}: External link in |via= (help)
Malone 1928, p. 128. Malone, Dumas (1928). Sidney Howe Short. Vol. 17. London, UK; New York, USA: Charles Scribner's Sons. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Electrifying America by David E. Nye, p.86, from Google Books. Retrieved 14 February 2009.

cable-car-guy.com

"The Cable Car Home Page – Cable Car Lines in New York and New Jersey". cable-car-guy.com. Retrieved 24 December 2024. Third Avenue Railroad cars run between the elevated structures through the Bowery.
"New York Loses its Last Horse Car" The New York Times 29 July 191, page 12

ceti.pl

"Cieplice lšskie Zdrój is one of the best known Silesian towns". Archived from the original on 29 September 2006. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

city.kyoto.jp

Kyoto Tram from Kyoto City Web. Retrieved 12 February 2009.

encyclopediaofarkansas.net

"Sulphur Rock Street Car; Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture". Retrieved 23 December 2008.

google.com

Haupt, Herman (1893). Street railway motors. H.C. Baird & Company. The subjects here considered are horse railroads steam motors cable traction electric roads com pressed air motors ammonia motors hot water motors gas motors and carbonic acid motors
The Technologist: Especially Devoted to Engineering, Manufacturing and Building. Industrial publishing Company. 1870. p. 48. [S]treet railways can not compete with Metropolitan steam railways Street railways will certainly be able to effect certain advantages can not be attained by Metropolitan railways but where such judiciously introduced the horse railways become at once auxiliaries This condition of the subject we believe is not fully comprehended their introduction into London For the absence of any means of street transit in London except by stages called there omnibuses or hacks cabs and other vehicular and limited means on the introduction of the splendid system of Metropolitan railways both tunnel and overhead Whereas in New York the apparent comprehensiveness of the street railway system demand for a through steam track is unceasing and universal Albany will this session be the battle ground upon which may prob ably rest the decision for an underground railroad under Broadway So great is the popular and monetary influence brought to bear the New York Arcade Railway that its speedy introduction may be looked for.
Clark, Daniel Kinnear (1878). Tramways: Their Construction and Working, Embracing a Comprehensive History of the System, with an Exhaustive Analysis of the Various Modes of Traction ... With Special Reference to the Tramways of the United Kingdom. p. 313. Mr Leonard J Todd of Leith it appears was the first steam locomotist who in 1871 designed an engine for tramways specially adapted for passing through common roads and streets avoiding noise smoke and steam and possessing great facilities for starting and for stopping quickly.
United States Census Office: Report on Transportation Business in the United States at the Eleventh Census: 1890: Street railways. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1892. p. 10.
Souttar, Robinson (1877). Street Tranways: With an Abstract of the Discussion Upon the Paper. W. Clowes. pp. 16–17. 1. Steam Engine and Car. … 2. Detached Engines. …
The Engineer. Morgan-Grampian (Publishers). 1873.

google.com.au

http://www.google.com.au/search?q=%22gas+tram%22+Northcote+history&rls=com.microsoft:en-au:IE-SearchBox&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sourceid=ie7&rlz=1I7GGLL_en-GB&redir_esc=&ei=R1MvTpXqGamdmQW4ofga Archived 30 December 2012 at archive.today
"Portland Tram – Google Search". Google.com.au. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

gracesguide.co.uk

"Sidney Howe Short". Grace's Guide to British Industrial History. Grace's Guide Ltd. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017.

grantonhistory.org

"Granton History: Edinburgh tram routes". Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2014.

hampage.hu

"Trams of Hungary and much more". Hampage.hu. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

heritagetrolley.org

"Transit Ridership – Rail vs. Bus". APTA Streetcar and Heritage Trolley Site. Retrieved 4 July 2015.

huji.ac.il

chem.ch.huji.ac.il

Thomas Davenport from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Archived 16 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 14 February 2009.

iflscience.com

"China Develops World's First Hydrogen-Powered Tram". IFLScience. 24 March 2015.

japanfs.org

The Rebirth of Trams from the JFS Newsletter, December 2007. Retrieved 12 February 2009.

jhl.si

"Historical Highlights". Ljubljanski potniški promet [Ljubljana Passenger Transport]. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.

lava.net

"Archived copy" (PDF). lava.net. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

markthefitter.blogspot.com

"mark the fitter: November 2008". Markthefitter.blogspot.com. 17 November 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

midcontinent.org

The John Stephenson Car Co. Retrieved 25 February 2009.

nashvillepost.com

Wood, E. Thomas. "Nashville now and then: From here to there". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 7 August 2007.

newspapers.com

"Professor Sidney Howe Short experiments with motors". Fort Worth Daily Gazette. Fort Worth, Texas. 11 November 1894 – via Newspapers.com .
"Street Railways his hobby". Topeka Daily Capital. Topeka, Kansas. 14 November 1894 – via Newspapers.com .

ngvjournal.com

"Malaysia: first compressed natural gas tram in the world will be ready next year". Natural Gas Journal. 22 February 2011. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2016.

nla.gov.au

"WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1886". The Argus. Melbourne. 29 December 1886. p. 5. Retrieved 10 March 2013 – via National Library of Australia.

railwaygazette.com

UK, DVV Media. "Battery trams running in Nanjing". Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2016.

ratb.ro

"RATB – Regia Autonoma de Transport București". Ratb.ro. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

sarajevo.ba

"Sarajevo Official Web Site : Sarajevo through history". Sarajevo.ba. 29 June 1914. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

siemens.com

"Siemens History Site – Transportation". Archived from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2014.

theguardian.com

Connolly, Kate (23 September 2018). "Germany launches world's first autonomous tram in Potsdam". The Guardian.

thetransportpolitic.wordpress.com

Wordpress.com Archived 29 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine, "The transport politic"

timetable.org.au

cdn.timetable.org.au

Isaacs, Albert (10 August 2012). "Australian Timetable Association" (PDF). austta.org.au. Retrieved 8 December 2012.

toronto.ca

Toronto Transport Commission – History. Retrieved 11 February 2009.

tram-muenchen.de

"1876–1964 (Überblick)". Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

tramwaybadgesandbuttons.com

"Leeds City Tramways Uniform". Tramway Systems of the British Isles. Retrieved 4 October 2023.

tramwayinfo.com

John Prentice: Tramway Origins and Pioneers. Retrieved 11 February 2009.

tramz.com

Allen Morrison. "The Indomitable Tramways of Celaya". Retrieved 22 December 2008.

valdeseinevert.net

Conférence sur Alphonse LOUBAT, inventeur du tramway Archived 22 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine. In French. Retrieved 11 February 2009.

vauxhallandkennington.org.uk

"Vauxhall, Oval & Kennington – The Brixton Tramway". vauxhallandkennington.org.uk. Retrieved 8 February 2022.

web.archive.org

"The Swansea and Mumbles Railway – the world's first railway service". Welshwales.co.uk. Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
"Siemens History Site – Transportation". Archived from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
"Cieplice lšskie Zdrój is one of the best known Silesian towns". Archived from the original on 29 September 2006. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
"Malaysia: first compressed natural gas tram in the world will be ready next year". Natural Gas Journal. 22 February 2011. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
"This is how some of the world's familiar..." Archived 1 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine Popular Mechanics, May 1929, pg. 750. via Google Books.
American Public Transportation Association. "Milestones in U.S. Public Transportation History". Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
Wood, E. Thomas. "Nashville now and then: From here to there". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 7 August 2007.
"Sidney Howe Short". Grace's Guide to British Industrial History. Grace's Guide Ltd. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
"Sarajevo Official Web Site : Sarajevo through history". Sarajevo.ba. 29 June 1914. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
"City of Belgrade – Important Years in City History". Beograd.org.rs. 5 October 2000. Archived from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
"Trams of Hungary and much more". Hampage.hu. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
"RATB – Regia Autonoma de Transport București". Ratb.ro. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
"Historical Highlights". Ljubljanski potniški promet [Ljubljana Passenger Transport]. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
Wordpress.com Archived 29 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine, "The transport politic"
Thomas Davenport from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Archived 16 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
UK, DVV Media. "Battery trams running in Nanjing". Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
Conférence sur Alphonse LOUBAT, inventeur du tramway Archived 22 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine. In French. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
"Archived copy" (PDF). lava.net. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Granton History: Edinburgh tram routes". Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2014.

welshwales.co.uk

"The Swansea and Mumbles Railway – the world's first railway service". Welshwales.co.uk. Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

yibada.com

en.yibada.com

"China Presents the World's First Hydrogen-Fueled Tram".

youtube.com

From ABC-TV's 'Can you help?'. Sydney, the largest city in Australia, once had the largest tram system in Australia, the second largest in the Commonwealth (after London), and one of the largest in the world. In the early 1960s the entire network was dismantled.