KDKA (AM) (English Wikipedia)

^[6]^{: 191–192} Davis, H.P. (1928). "Davis (1928), page 191" – via archive.org.
"Election returns flashed by radio to 7,000 amateurs". The Electrical Experimenter. January 1917. p. 650 – via archive.org.
Krumm, L.R. (July–August 1922). "Development of radiophone broadcasting". Radio Age. p. 22.
^[6]^{: 199–201} Davis, H.P. (1928). "Davis (1928) pages 199–201" – via archive.org.
^[6]^: 223 Davis, H.P. (1928). "Davis (1928) p. 223" – via archive.org.
"KQV, Pittsburgh, and WCBM, Baltimore, Will Transfer to Blue Network in Fall". Broadcasting. March 17, 1941. p. 9. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
"Westinghouse pays record to buy DuMont's WDTV (TV)", Broadcasting – Telecasting, December 6, 1954, pp. 27–28.
"NBC buys WJAS Pittsburgh", Broadcasting – Telecasting, August 12, 1957, page 9.
"Ryan Writes Time Magazine", NAB Reports, September 14, 1945, Volume 13, No. 37, page 401. The magazine does not appear to have either printed Ryan's letter or to have responded to it in its pages.
"WWJ" (advertisement), Broadcasting, August 20, 1945, page 31.
Radio: The Fifth Estate by Judith C. Waller, 1946, page 263.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Report of the Secretary of Commerce, "Bureau of Navigation: Radio Communication", July 1, 1923, page 221.
"Westinghouse Exits From NAB With All Five of Its Stations", The Billboard, October 27, 1945, page 5.
"Broadcast Relay on 100 Meters" by Howard Allen Duncan, Science and Invention, November 1923, page 674.

cbslocal.com (Global: 680^th place; English: 412^th place)

pittsburgh.cbslocal.com

"KDKA Radio's Mike Pintek Dies At Age 65" by John Shumway, September 12, 2018.

christianity.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"KDKA Made Religious Waves" by Dan Graves, MSL. (christianity.com)

digitaldeliftp.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"First Radio Broadcast of a Baseball Game" Archived January 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (digitaldeliftp.com)

earlyradiohistory.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pioneer" (in Radio section), Time magazine, September 3, 1945, pages 64, 66.

entercom.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Entercom Receives FCC Approval for Merger with CBS Radio". Entercom. November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017.

ethw.org (Global: low place; English: 7,456^th place)

"Milestones: Westinghouse Radio Station KDKA, 1920". IEEE Global History Network. IEEE. Retrieved July 29, 2011.

fcc.gov (Global: 1,271^st place; English: 703^rd place)

enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov

"Facility Technical Data for KDKA". Licensing and Management System. Federal Communications Commission.

flickriver.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Flickriver: Photoset 'KCBS Centennial Celebration – 11 June 2009' by randomcuriosity". flickriver.com.

fortune.com (Global: 433^rd place; English: 284^th place)

"CBS and Entercom Are Merging Their Radio Stations". Fortune. Reuters. February 2, 2017. Retrieved February 2, 2017.

hathitrust.org (Global: 441^st place; English: 311^th place)

babel.hathitrust.org

Krumm (1922) additionally noted that "A special license was obtained from the government radio inspector in Detroit, Michigan, and the call letters 8ZZ were assigned to the station in the beginning." Other early sources documenting the use of the 8ZZ call sign for the election night broadcast include an article "KDKA". The Wireless Age. August 1922 – via babel.hathitrust.org., which recounts that "Those words brought the now famous KDKA station into being, but little was thought then that the transmission of presidential election returns from this station, which was then known as 8ZZ, would result in the widespread interest in radio that is now present throughout the country"; another article with the same title Little, D.G. (June 1924). "KDKA". Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers: 255 – via babel.hathitrust.org., which states that "The temporary calls first assigned were 8ZZ", and finally Kintner, S.M. (December 1932). "Pittsburgh's contributions to radio". Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers. reported: "Conrad stayed at his home, prepared to shift over to his station, in the event of the failure of the East Pittsburgh Station, then known as '8ZZ'."^[28] (Both Little and Kintner were engineers who helped set up the station for the election night broadcast.)
Davis, Harry P. (1928). "The early history of broadcasting in the United States". The Radio Industry: The story of its development. pp. 191–223.
History of Radio to 1926 by Gleason L. Archer, 1938, pages 193–197.
"New Stations: Commercial Land Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, June 1, 1920, page 2.
"New Stations: Commercial Land Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, July 1, 1920, page 2.
"New Stations: Commercial Land Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, May 2, 1921, page 2.
"New Stations: Commercial Land Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, November 1, 1920, page 2.
"New Stations: Commercial Land Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, June 1, 1921, page 2.
"Amateur Radio Stations: 8XK Pittsburgh", QST magazine, September 1920, pages 32–34.
"Amateur Radio Stations". Radio Stations of the United States. July 1, 1913. pp. 7–8. The call letters for amateur stations in the United States ... will consist of three items; number of the radio district; followed by two letters ... The first letter will be: ... Z [for] special amateur stations.
"KDKA" by D. G. Little, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, June 1924, page 255.
"KDKA", The Wireless Age, August 1922, page 40.
"Amendments to Regulations", Radio Service Bulletin, January 3, 1922, page 10.
"Voice-Broadcasting the Stirring Progress of the 'Battle of the Century' ", The Wireless Age, August 1921, pages 11–21.
"Advertising by Radio: Can It and Should It Be Done?" by J. C. McQuiston, Radio News, August 1922, pages 232, 332–334.
"Why Radiophone Broadcasting Should be Continued" (interview with H. P. Davis), Radio Service Supplement to the National Electragist, November 1922, pages 14–15.
History of Radio to 1926 by Gleason L. Archer, 1938, page 216.
"'Broadcasting' News by Radiotelephone" (letter from Lee de Forest), Electrical World, April 23, 1921, page 936.
Additional WWJ reference sources not stated as being reviewed by this article include: Contemporary front page articles in the 1920 editions of the Detroit News, beginning with "The News Radiophone To Give Vote Results" (August 31, 1920); WWJ—The Detroit News, published by the newspaper in 1922; a detailed station history, "WWJ—Pioneer in Broadcasting" by Cynthia Boyes Young (Michigan History, December 1960); "WWJ, 'The world's first radio station' : a history" by Robert Preston Rimes (Michigan State University, 1963); and the subsequently published Radio's First Broadcaster: An Autobiography of Elton M. Plant, 1989.
"Setting the Pace in Radio" by Jack Binns, Popular Science, July 1924, page 65.
"Important Events in Radio", Radio Service Bulletin, December 31, 1926, page 30.
"Is Short-wave Relaying a Step Toward National Broadcasting Stations?" by W. W. Rodgers, Radio Broadcast, June 1923, pages 119–122.
"Broadcasting Makes a Giant Stretch" by Jerome W. Howe, Wireless Age, April 1924, pages 29, 47.
"New Stations: Special Land Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, October 2, 1922, page 4.
"New Stations: Special Land Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, September 2, 1924, page 3.
"Special Land Stations: Strike out all particulars", Radio Service Bulletin, December 1, 1924, page 8.
"Special Land Stations: Alterations and Corrections", Radio Service Bulletin, January 2, 1925, page 8.
"Statement of S. D. Gregory, Assistant General Manager, Westinghouse Radio Stations". Construction and operation of radio-broadcasting station designed to promote friendly relations among the nations of the western hemisphere. Senate Committee on Interstate Commerce (Report). Washington, DC: United States Congress (via) U.S. Government Printing Office. May 1938. pp. 115–116 – via babel.hathitrust.org.

hdradio.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

""HD Radio Guide" (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)". hdradio.com. Archived from the original on November 29, 2018.

insideradio.com (Global: low place; English: 6,026^th place)

"End Of An Era As Industry Bids Goodbye to CBS Radio". Inside Radio. November 17, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017.

loc.gov (Global: 70^th place; English: 63^rd place)

chroniclingamerica.loc.gov

Examples of election results sent in Morse code for the 1912 U.S. Presidential election included "Local wireless men pick up much news". Pittsburgh Press. broadcast by the Tech Wireless Club station at Carnegie Technical School in Pittsburgh. November 6, 1912. p. 5.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link) "Harvard wireless club gets returns". Boston Post. broadcast by the Charlestown, Massachusetts Navy Yard station. November 6, 1912. p. 3.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link) "Election news is sent by wireless". Idaho Republican. broadcast by the Navy's Mare Island, California station. November 8, 1912. p. 1.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link) and "Wireless gives island returns". San Francisco Call. broadcast by the Federal Telegraph station at San Francisco. November 6, 1912. p. 6.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link).
"Air Will Be Full of Music To-Night", New York Sun, November 6, 1916, page 7.

msu.edu (Global: 1,844^th place; English: 1,231^st place)

d.lib.msu.edu

Additional WWJ reference sources not stated as being reviewed by this article include: Contemporary front page articles in the 1920 editions of the Detroit News, beginning with "The News Radiophone To Give Vote Results" (August 31, 1920); WWJ—The Detroit News, published by the newspaper in 1922; a detailed station history, "WWJ—Pioneer in Broadcasting" by Cynthia Boyes Young (Michigan History, December 1960); "WWJ, 'The world's first radio station' : a history" by Robert Preston Rimes (Michigan State University, 1963); and the subsequently published Radio's First Broadcaster: An Autobiography of Elton M. Plant, 1989.

news.google.com (Global: 59^th place; English: 45^th place)

Examples of election results sent in Morse code for the 1912 U.S. Presidential election included "Local wireless men pick up much news". Pittsburgh Press. broadcast by the Tech Wireless Club station at Carnegie Technical School in Pittsburgh. November 6, 1912. p. 5.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link) "Harvard wireless club gets returns". Boston Post. broadcast by the Charlestown, Massachusetts Navy Yard station. November 6, 1912. p. 3.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link) "Election news is sent by wireless". Idaho Republican. broadcast by the Navy's Mare Island, California station. November 8, 1912. p. 1.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link) and "Wireless gives island returns". San Francisco Call. broadcast by the Federal Telegraph station at San Francisco. November 6, 1912. p. 6.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link).
The Radio Amateur by C. E. Urban, Pittsburgh Gazette Times, September 26, 1920, Fifth section, page 10.
"The Horne Daily News" (advertisement), Pittsburgh Press, September 29, 1920, page 11.
"The Radio Amateur" by C. E. Urban, "Wireless Telephone Here", Pittsburgh Gazette Times, October 26, 1919, Sixth section, page 13.
"The Horne Daily News" (advertisement), Pittsburgh Press, September 23, 1920, page 13.
The Radio Amateur by C. E. Urban, Pittsburgh Gazette Times, November 7, 1920, Section six, page 3.
"KDKA Set to Sign Off and Move From Studios Atop William Penn" by S. H. Steinhauser, Pittsburgh Press, November 1, 1934, page 30.
"Studio Control", Pittsburgh Press, June 25, 1929, page 44.
"Engineers Test New KDKA Plant with Station Founder Listening" by S. H. Steinhauser, Pittsburgh Press, October 29, 1934, page 24.
Steinhauser, S. H. (November 2, 1934). "KDKA's Original Transmitter Enters Museum On Anniversary". Pittsburgh Press. p. 44. Retrieved February 3, 2025 – via Google News Archive.
Steinhauser, S. H. (November 3, 1934). "Roosevelt Leads Salute to Pioneer Station Of U. S." The Pittsburgh Press. p. 5. Retrieved February 3, 2025 – via Google News Archive.
KQW schedule San Jose Evening News, December 12, 1925, page 2.

newspapers.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

"Hoover Speech via Wireless", Indiana (Pennsylvania) Evening Gazette, January 14, 1921, page 1.

ontheshortwaves.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Canadian Northern Messenger Service". Wavescan (Adventist World Radio). March 4, 2018. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
"KDKA shortwave". Wavescan. No. 461. Adventist World Radio. November 2, 2003. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
"Wavescan 461". ontheshortwaves.com. Retrieved April 27, 2021.

pbrtv.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Togyer, Jason. "Pittsburgh Radio & TV Online – Creating 'QED ... at DuMont's expense?". Pbrtv.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved March 29, 2011.

pennlive.com (Global: 2,939^th place; English: 1,584^th place)

"Pa. radio host wonders if coronavirus shutdown is worth it to save 'less than 1% of our population'". pennlive. April 9, 2020.
"'Please don't misgender me': Reporter calls Pa. health secretary 'sir' multiple times during interview". pennlive. May 13, 2020.

pitt.edu (Global: 1,476^th place; English: 1,056^th place)

digital.library.pitt.edu

Finding Aid for the Harry Phillips Davis Collection, 1915–1944, AIS.1964.21, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh (library.pitt.edu)

post-gazette.com (Global: 569^th place; English: 354^th place)

McCoy, Adrian (August 1, 2008). "Speculation mounts on KDKA radio sale". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved November 2, 2020.

radio-info.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"First bids on CBS Radio selloffs due today". Radio-Info.com. September 22, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2011.

radio.com (Global: 3,303^rd place; English: 1,843^rd place)

"KDKA Radio has another home... 100.1 FM". radio.com. October 19, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.

radioinsight.com (Global: 3,559^th place; English: 1,818^th place)

Venta, Lance (November 17, 2017). "Entercom Completes CBS Radio Merger". Radio Insight. Retrieved November 17, 2017.

radioworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

O'Neal, James (October 26, 2020). "Constructing the First 'Real' Radio Station". Radio World. Washington, D.C. Retrieved October 30, 2020.

timesonline.com (Global: low place; English: 8,777^th place)

Tady, Scott (October 20, 2020). "KDKA turns 100, looks forward with FM signal". The Beaver County Times. Retrieved November 2, 2020.

triblive.com (Global: 2,497^th place; English: 1,362^nd place)

archive.triblive.com

Puko, Timothy (November 25, 2010). "KDKA-AM completes studio move". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Retrieved November 2, 2020.

umd.edu (Global: 1,747^th place; English: 1,277^th place)

drum.lib.umd.edu

"Battle of the Brains: Election Night Forecasting at the Dawn of the Computer Age" (dissertation) by Ira Chinoy, 2010, page 137 (umd.edu)

variety.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 12^th place)

Littleton, Cynthia (February 2, 2017). "CBS Sets Radio Division Merger With Entercom". Variety. Retrieved February 2, 2017.

waymarking.com (Global: 6,425^th place; English: 3,896^th place)

"9XM-WHA – Madison, WI" marker at Vilas Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison (waymarking.com)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

""HD Radio Guide" (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)". hdradio.com. Archived from the original on November 29, 2018.
"First Radio Broadcast of a Baseball Game" Archived January 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (digitaldeliftp.com)
Togyer, Jason. "Pittsburgh Radio & TV Online – Creating 'QED ... at DuMont's expense?". Pbrtv.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
"First bids on CBS Radio selloffs due today". Radio-Info.com. September 22, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
"Broadcasting's Oldest Stations: An Examination of Four Claimants" (PDF). Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved September 2, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Joseph E. Baudino and John M. Kittross, Journal of Broadcasting, Winter 1977, page 68.
Additional WWJ reference sources not stated as being reviewed by this article include: Contemporary front page articles in the 1920 editions of the Detroit News, beginning with "The News Radiophone To Give Vote Results" (August 31, 1920); WWJ—The Detroit News, published by the newspaper in 1922; a detailed station history, "WWJ—Pioneer in Broadcasting" by Cynthia Boyes Young (Michigan History, December 1960); "WWJ, 'The world's first radio station' : a history" by Robert Preston Rimes (Michigan State University, 1963); and the subsequently published Radio's First Broadcaster: An Autobiography of Elton M. Plant, 1989.

worldofradio.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Dx listening digest 5-201". World of Radio.com. November 22, 2005. Retrieved July 21, 2011.

worldradiohistory.com (Global: 316^th place; English: 190^th place)

"It Started Hear", KDKA promotional pamphlet, 1970, page 1. (worldradiohistory.com)
"The Spread of Radio Broadcasting", Radio Broadcasting News, April 16, 1922, page 2: "Radio Broadcasting of regular programs was instituted by the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company December 21, 1920." (worldradiohistory.com)
Front page, Radio Broadcasting News, January 1, 1922, page 1 (worldradiohistory.com)
"Radio Broadcasting News, December 30, 1922, page 3, 'Station KDKA Opens New Radio Studio'" (PDF). worldradiohistory.com. World Radio History. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
"WDTV (TV) Pittsburgh Changes Call to KDKA-TV" (PDF). Broadcasting-Telecasting. January 31, 1955. p. 73. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
"KDKA Move to New Quarters Becomes Effective Today" (PDF). Broadcasting-Telecasting. April 30, 1956. p. 90. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
"KDKA-AM-TV to Consolidate By May 1, H. C. Lund Says" (PDF). Broadcasting-Telecasting. January 9, 1956. p. 95. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
"The Day the Music Died", Radio and Records, April 17, 1992, page 34. (worldradiohistory.com)
Radio Broadcasting News, January 1, 1922, page 2 (worldradiohistory.com). The publication also informed readers that "Westinghouse Radio Sets are best to receive Westinghouse Broadcasting".
"Going Forward with Radio" as presented by KDKA (promotional pamphlet), 1946, page 3. (worldradiohistory.com)
"WWJ" (advertisement), Broadcasting, August 15, 1934, page 29. (worldradiohistory.com)

KDKA (AM) (English Wikipedia)

adage.com (Global: 1,709th place; English: 956th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cbslocal.com (Global: 680th place; English: 412th place)

pittsburgh.cbslocal.com

christianity.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitaldeliftp.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

earlyradiohistory.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

entercom.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ethw.org (Global: low place; English: 7,456th place)

fcc.gov (Global: 1,271st place; English: 703rd place)

enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov

flickriver.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

fortune.com (Global: 433rd place; English: 284th place)

hathitrust.org (Global: 441st place; English: 311th place)

babel.hathitrust.org

hdradio.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

insideradio.com (Global: low place; English: 6,026th place)

loc.gov (Global: 70th place; English: 63rd place)

chroniclingamerica.loc.gov

msu.edu (Global: 1,844th place; English: 1,231st place)

d.lib.msu.edu

news.google.com (Global: 59th place; English: 45th place)

newspapers.com (Global: 55th place; English: 36th place)

ontheshortwaves.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

pbrtv.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

pennlive.com (Global: 2,939th place; English: 1,584th place)

pitt.edu (Global: 1,476th place; English: 1,056th place)

digital.library.pitt.edu

post-gazette.com (Global: 569th place; English: 354th place)

radio-info.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

radio.com (Global: 3,303rd place; English: 1,843rd place)

radioinsight.com (Global: 3,559th place; English: 1,818th place)

radioworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

timesonline.com (Global: low place; English: 8,777th place)

triblive.com (Global: 2,497th place; English: 1,362nd place)

archive.triblive.com

umd.edu (Global: 1,747th place; English: 1,277th place)

drum.lib.umd.edu

variety.com (Global: 13th place; English: 12th place)

waymarking.com (Global: 6,425th place; English: 3,896th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldofradio.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

worldradiohistory.com (Global: 316th place; English: 190th place)

adage.com (Global: 1,709^th place; English: 956^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cbslocal.com (Global: 680^th place; English: 412^th place)

ethw.org (Global: low place; English: 7,456^th place)

fcc.gov (Global: 1,271^st place; English: 703^rd place)

fortune.com (Global: 433^rd place; English: 284^th place)

hathitrust.org (Global: 441^st place; English: 311^th place)

insideradio.com (Global: low place; English: 6,026^th place)

loc.gov (Global: 70^th place; English: 63^rd place)

msu.edu (Global: 1,844^th place; English: 1,231^st place)

news.google.com (Global: 59^th place; English: 45^th place)

newspapers.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

pennlive.com (Global: 2,939^th place; English: 1,584^th place)

pitt.edu (Global: 1,476^th place; English: 1,056^th place)

post-gazette.com (Global: 569^th place; English: 354^th place)

radio.com (Global: 3,303^rd place; English: 1,843^rd place)

radioinsight.com (Global: 3,559^th place; English: 1,818^th place)

timesonline.com (Global: low place; English: 8,777^th place)

triblive.com (Global: 2,497^th place; English: 1,362^nd place)

umd.edu (Global: 1,747^th place; English: 1,277^th place)

variety.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 12^th place)

waymarking.com (Global: 6,425^th place; English: 3,896^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldradiohistory.com (Global: 316^th place; English: 190^th place)