Knuckle-walking (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Knuckle-walking" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

28doi.org

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25nih.gov

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15harvard.edu

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17^th place

8worldcat.org

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6semanticscholar.org

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2web.archive.org

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1utoronto.ca

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1,117^th place

1rero.ch

3,510^th place

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1nature.com

234^th place

397^th place

1biologists.org

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1handle.net

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1tandfonline.com

507^th place

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1umass.edu

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2,191^st place

1archive.org

6^th place

1lse.ac.uk

2,117^th place

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archive.org

Parker, Sue Taylor; Mitchell, Robert W.; Miles, H. Lyn (1999). The Mentalities of Gorillas and Orangutans: Comparative Perspectives. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58027-4.

biologists.org

jeb.biologists.org

Fish, FE; Frappell, PB; Baudinette, RV; MacFarlane, PM (2001). "Energetics of terrestrial locomotion of the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus" (PDF). The Journal of Experimental Biology. 204 (Pt 4): 797–803. Bibcode:2001JExpB.204..797F. doi:10.1242/jeb.204.4.797. hdl:2440/12192. PMID 11171362.

doi.org

Stokstad, Erik (24 March 2000). "Hominid ancestors may have knuckle walked". Science. 287 (5461): 2131–2132. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2131a. PMID 10744527. S2CID 9285470.
Richmond, BG; Begun, DR; Strait, DS (2001). "Origin of human bipedalism: The knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Suppl 33: 70–105. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10019. PMID 11786992. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2009.
Gibbons, A. (1 October 2009). "A New Kind of Ancestor: Ardipithecus Unveiled" (PDF). Science. 326 (5949): 36–40. Bibcode:2009Sci...326...36G. doi:10.1126/science.326_36. PMID 19797636.
Kivell, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (25 August 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Dainton, Mike; Macho, Gabriele A. (February 1999). "Did knuckle walking evolve twice?". Journal of Human Evolution. 36 (2): 171–194. Bibcode:1999JHumE..36..171D. doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0265. PMID 10068065.
Williams, Scott A. (May 2010). "Morphological integration and the evolution of knuckle-walking". Journal of Human Evolution. 58 (5): 432–440. Bibcode:2010JHumE..58..432W. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.005. PMID 20409573.
Inouye, Sandra Emiko (1 May 1994). "Ontogeny of knuckle-walking hand postures in African apes". Journal of Human Evolution. 26 (5): 459–485. Bibcode:1994JHumE..26..459I. doi:10.1006/jhev.1994.1028. ISSN 0047-2484.
Kivell, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (25 August 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Wunderlich, RE; Jungers, WL. (2009). "Manual digital pressures during knuckle-walking in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 139 (3): 394–403. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20994. PMID 19170201.
Tuttle, RH; Basmajian, JV. (1974). "Electromyography of brachial muscles in Pan gorilla and hominoid evolution". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 41: 71–90. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330410110.
Kivell T.L. and Schmitt, D. (2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106 (34): 14241–6. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Hausfater, G. (1975). "Knuckle walking by a baboon (Papio cynocephalus)". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 43 (2): 303–6. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330430217. PMID 1180360. S2CID 29427287.
Richmond, BG; Strait, DS. (2000). "Evidence that humans evolved from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Nature. 404 (6776): 382–5. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..382R. doi:10.1038/35006045. PMID 10746723. S2CID 4303978.
Gee, Henry (23 March 2000). "These fists were made for walking". Nature. doi:10.1038/news000323-7. ISSN 0028-0836.
Orr, CM. (2005). "Knuckle-walking anteater: a convergence test of adaptation for purported knuckle-walking features of African Hominidae". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 128 (3): 639–58. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20192. PMID 15861420.
Fish, FE; Frappell, PB; Baudinette, RV; MacFarlane, PM (2001). "Energetics of terrestrial locomotion of the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus" (PDF). The Journal of Experimental Biology. 204 (Pt 4): 797–803. Bibcode:2001JExpB.204..797F. doi:10.1242/jeb.204.4.797. hdl:2440/12192. PMID 11171362.
Toledo, Nestor; Arregui, Mariano (February 2023). "Concurrent evidence from ichnology and anatomy: the scelidotheriine ground sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora) from the Pleistocene of Argentina". Historical Biology. 35 (2): 284–292. Bibcode:2023HBio...35..284T. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2035379. ISSN 0891-2963.
Tuttle, RH. (1969). "Knuckle-walking and the problem of human origins". Science. 166 (908): 953–61. Bibcode:1969Sci...166..953T. doi:10.1126/science.166.3908.953. PMID 5388380.
Tuttle, RH. (2005). "Knuckle-Walking and the evolution of hominoid hands". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 26 (2): 171–206. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330260207.
Williams, S.A. (2010). "Morphological integration and the evolution of knuckle-walking". J. Hum. Evol. 58 (2): 432–40. Bibcode:2010JHumE..58..432W. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.005. PMID 20409573.
Edelstein, S.J. (1987). "An Alternative Paradigm for Hominoid Evolution". Hum. Evol. 2 (2): 169–74. doi:10.1007/bf02436404. S2CID 55123100.
Richmond, B.G.; et al. (2001). "Origin of Human Bipedalism: The Knuckle-Walking Hypothesis Revisited". Yearbook of Physical Anthropology. 44: 70–105. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10019. PMID 11786992. S2CID 16942710.
Püschel, Thomas A.; Marcé-Nogué, Jordi; Chamberlain, Andrew T.; Yoxall, Alaster; Sellers, William I. (26 February 2020). "The biomechanical importance of the scaphoid-centrale fusion during simulated knuckle-walking and its implications for human locomotor evolution". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 3526. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.3526P. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60590-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7044280. PMID 32103129.
Marzke, Mary Walpole (1971). "Origin of the human hand". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 34 (1): 61–84. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330340106. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 4993118.
Dainton, M; Macho, GA (1999). "Did knuckle walking evolve twice?". Journal of Human Evolution. 36 (2): 171–94. Bibcode:1999JHumE..36..171D. doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0265. PMID 10068065.
Williams, S.A. (2010). "Morphological integration and the evolution of knuckle-walking". Journal of Human Evolution. 58 (5): 432–440. Bibcode:2010JHumE..58..432W. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.005. PMID 20409573.
Rose, M.D. (1973). "Quadrupedalism in primates". Primates. 14 (4): 337–357. doi:10.1007/BF01731356. S2CID 36132854.
Patel, BA. (2009). "Not so fast: Speed effects on forelimb kinematics in cercopithecine monkeys and implications for digitigrade postures in primates". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 140 (1): 92–112. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21039. PMID 19294733.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Fish, FE; Frappell, PB; Baudinette, RV; MacFarlane, PM (2001). "Energetics of terrestrial locomotion of the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus" (PDF). The Journal of Experimental Biology. 204 (Pt 4): 797–803. Bibcode:2001JExpB.204..797F. doi:10.1242/jeb.204.4.797. hdl:2440/12192. PMID 11171362.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Gibbons, A. (1 October 2009). "A New Kind of Ancestor: Ardipithecus Unveiled" (PDF). Science. 326 (5949): 36–40. Bibcode:2009Sci...326...36G. doi:10.1126/science.326_36. PMID 19797636.
Kivell, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (25 August 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Dainton, Mike; Macho, Gabriele A. (February 1999). "Did knuckle walking evolve twice?". Journal of Human Evolution. 36 (2): 171–194. Bibcode:1999JHumE..36..171D. doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0265. PMID 10068065.
Williams, Scott A. (May 2010). "Morphological integration and the evolution of knuckle-walking". Journal of Human Evolution. 58 (5): 432–440. Bibcode:2010JHumE..58..432W. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.005. PMID 20409573.
Inouye, Sandra Emiko (1 May 1994). "Ontogeny of knuckle-walking hand postures in African apes". Journal of Human Evolution. 26 (5): 459–485. Bibcode:1994JHumE..26..459I. doi:10.1006/jhev.1994.1028. ISSN 0047-2484.
Kivell, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (25 August 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Kivell T.L. and Schmitt, D. (2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106 (34): 14241–6. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Richmond, BG; Strait, DS. (2000). "Evidence that humans evolved from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Nature. 404 (6776): 382–5. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..382R. doi:10.1038/35006045. PMID 10746723. S2CID 4303978.
Fish, FE; Frappell, PB; Baudinette, RV; MacFarlane, PM (2001). "Energetics of terrestrial locomotion of the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus" (PDF). The Journal of Experimental Biology. 204 (Pt 4): 797–803. Bibcode:2001JExpB.204..797F. doi:10.1242/jeb.204.4.797. hdl:2440/12192. PMID 11171362.
Toledo, Nestor; Arregui, Mariano (February 2023). "Concurrent evidence from ichnology and anatomy: the scelidotheriine ground sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora) from the Pleistocene of Argentina". Historical Biology. 35 (2): 284–292. Bibcode:2023HBio...35..284T. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2035379. ISSN 0891-2963.
Tuttle, RH. (1969). "Knuckle-walking and the problem of human origins". Science. 166 (908): 953–61. Bibcode:1969Sci...166..953T. doi:10.1126/science.166.3908.953. PMID 5388380.
Williams, S.A. (2010). "Morphological integration and the evolution of knuckle-walking". J. Hum. Evol. 58 (2): 432–40. Bibcode:2010JHumE..58..432W. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.005. PMID 20409573.
Püschel, Thomas A.; Marcé-Nogué, Jordi; Chamberlain, Andrew T.; Yoxall, Alaster; Sellers, William I. (26 February 2020). "The biomechanical importance of the scaphoid-centrale fusion during simulated knuckle-walking and its implications for human locomotor evolution". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 3526. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.3526P. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60590-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7044280. PMID 32103129.
Dainton, M; Macho, GA (1999). "Did knuckle walking evolve twice?". Journal of Human Evolution. 36 (2): 171–94. Bibcode:1999JHumE..36..171D. doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0265. PMID 10068065.
Williams, S.A. (2010). "Morphological integration and the evolution of knuckle-walking". Journal of Human Evolution. 58 (5): 432–440. Bibcode:2010JHumE..58..432W. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.005. PMID 20409573.

lse.ac.uk

eprints.lse.ac.uk

Humphrey, N., Keynes, R. & Skoyles, J. R. (2005). "Hand-walkers : five siblings who never stood up". Discussion Paper. Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science, London, UK. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2006. Retrieved 13 November 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

nature.com

Gee, Henry (23 March 2000). "These fists were made for walking". Nature. doi:10.1038/news000323-7. ISSN 0028-0836.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stokstad, Erik (24 March 2000). "Hominid ancestors may have knuckle walked". Science. 287 (5461): 2131–2132. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2131a. PMID 10744527. S2CID 9285470.
Richmond, BG; Begun, DR; Strait, DS (2001). "Origin of human bipedalism: The knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Suppl 33: 70–105. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10019. PMID 11786992. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2009.
Gibbons, A. (1 October 2009). "A New Kind of Ancestor: Ardipithecus Unveiled" (PDF). Science. 326 (5949): 36–40. Bibcode:2009Sci...326...36G. doi:10.1126/science.326_36. PMID 19797636.
Kivell, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (25 August 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Dainton, Mike; Macho, Gabriele A. (February 1999). "Did knuckle walking evolve twice?". Journal of Human Evolution. 36 (2): 171–194. Bibcode:1999JHumE..36..171D. doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0265. PMID 10068065.
Williams, Scott A. (May 2010). "Morphological integration and the evolution of knuckle-walking". Journal of Human Evolution. 58 (5): 432–440. Bibcode:2010JHumE..58..432W. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.005. PMID 20409573.
Kivell, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (25 August 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Wunderlich, RE; Jungers, WL. (2009). "Manual digital pressures during knuckle-walking in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 139 (3): 394–403. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20994. PMID 19170201.
Kivell T.L. and Schmitt, D. (2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106 (34): 14241–6. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Hausfater, G. (1975). "Knuckle walking by a baboon (Papio cynocephalus)". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 43 (2): 303–6. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330430217. PMID 1180360. S2CID 29427287.
Richmond, BG; Strait, DS. (2000). "Evidence that humans evolved from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Nature. 404 (6776): 382–5. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..382R. doi:10.1038/35006045. PMID 10746723. S2CID 4303978.
Orr, CM. (2005). "Knuckle-walking anteater: a convergence test of adaptation for purported knuckle-walking features of African Hominidae". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 128 (3): 639–58. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20192. PMID 15861420.
Fish, FE; Frappell, PB; Baudinette, RV; MacFarlane, PM (2001). "Energetics of terrestrial locomotion of the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus" (PDF). The Journal of Experimental Biology. 204 (Pt 4): 797–803. Bibcode:2001JExpB.204..797F. doi:10.1242/jeb.204.4.797. hdl:2440/12192. PMID 11171362.
Tuttle, RH. (1969). "Knuckle-walking and the problem of human origins". Science. 166 (908): 953–61. Bibcode:1969Sci...166..953T. doi:10.1126/science.166.3908.953. PMID 5388380.
Williams, S.A. (2010). "Morphological integration and the evolution of knuckle-walking". J. Hum. Evol. 58 (2): 432–40. Bibcode:2010JHumE..58..432W. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.005. PMID 20409573.
Richmond, B.G.; et al. (2001). "Origin of Human Bipedalism: The Knuckle-Walking Hypothesis Revisited". Yearbook of Physical Anthropology. 44: 70–105. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10019. PMID 11786992. S2CID 16942710.
Püschel, Thomas A.; Marcé-Nogué, Jordi; Chamberlain, Andrew T.; Yoxall, Alaster; Sellers, William I. (26 February 2020). "The biomechanical importance of the scaphoid-centrale fusion during simulated knuckle-walking and its implications for human locomotor evolution". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 3526. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.3526P. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60590-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7044280. PMID 32103129.
Marzke, Mary Walpole (1971). "Origin of the human hand". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 34 (1): 61–84. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330340106. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 4993118.
Dainton, M; Macho, GA (1999). "Did knuckle walking evolve twice?". Journal of Human Evolution. 36 (2): 171–94. Bibcode:1999JHumE..36..171D. doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0265. PMID 10068065.
Williams, S.A. (2010). "Morphological integration and the evolution of knuckle-walking". Journal of Human Evolution. 58 (5): 432–440. Bibcode:2010JHumE..58..432W. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.005. PMID 20409573.
Patel, BA. (2009). "Not so fast: Speed effects on forelimb kinematics in cercopithecine monkeys and implications for digitigrade postures in primates". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 140 (1): 92–112. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21039. PMID 19294733.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kivell, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (25 August 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Kivell, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (25 August 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Kivell T.L. and Schmitt, D. (2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106 (34): 14241–6. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Püschel, Thomas A.; Marcé-Nogué, Jordi; Chamberlain, Andrew T.; Yoxall, Alaster; Sellers, William I. (26 February 2020). "The biomechanical importance of the scaphoid-centrale fusion during simulated knuckle-walking and its implications for human locomotor evolution". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 3526. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.3526P. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60590-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7044280. PMID 32103129.

rero.ch

doc.rero.ch

Gibbons, A. (1 October 2009). "A New Kind of Ancestor: Ardipithecus Unveiled" (PDF). Science. 326 (5949): 36–40. Bibcode:2009Sci...326...36G. doi:10.1126/science.326_36. PMID 19797636.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Stokstad, Erik (24 March 2000). "Hominid ancestors may have knuckle walked". Science. 287 (5461): 2131–2132. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2131a. PMID 10744527. S2CID 9285470.
Hausfater, G. (1975). "Knuckle walking by a baboon (Papio cynocephalus)". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 43 (2): 303–6. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330430217. PMID 1180360. S2CID 29427287.
Richmond, BG; Strait, DS. (2000). "Evidence that humans evolved from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Nature. 404 (6776): 382–5. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..382R. doi:10.1038/35006045. PMID 10746723. S2CID 4303978.
Edelstein, S.J. (1987). "An Alternative Paradigm for Hominoid Evolution". Hum. Evol. 2 (2): 169–74. doi:10.1007/bf02436404. S2CID 55123100.
Richmond, B.G.; et al. (2001). "Origin of Human Bipedalism: The Knuckle-Walking Hypothesis Revisited". Yearbook of Physical Anthropology. 44: 70–105. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10019. PMID 11786992. S2CID 16942710.
Rose, M.D. (1973). "Quadrupedalism in primates". Primates. 14 (4): 337–357. doi:10.1007/BF01731356. S2CID 36132854.

tandfonline.com

Toledo, Nestor; Arregui, Mariano (February 2023). "Concurrent evidence from ichnology and anatomy: the scelidotheriine ground sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora) from the Pleistocene of Argentina". Historical Biology. 35 (2): 284–292. Bibcode:2023HBio...35..284T. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2035379. ISSN 0891-2963.

umass.edu

scholarworks.umass.edu

Matarazzo, S.A. (2013). Knuckle-Walking Signal in the Manual Phalanges and Metacarpals of the Great Apes (PhD Dissertation). pp. vi–129.

utoronto.ca

chass.utoronto.ca

Richmond, BG; Begun, DR; Strait, DS (2001). "Origin of human bipedalism: The knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Suppl 33: 70–105. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10019. PMID 11786992. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2009.

web.archive.org

Richmond, BG; Begun, DR; Strait, DS (2001). "Origin of human bipedalism: The knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Suppl 33: 70–105. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10019. PMID 11786992. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2009.
Humphrey, N., Keynes, R. & Skoyles, J. R. (2005). "Hand-walkers : five siblings who never stood up". Discussion Paper. Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science, London, UK. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2006. Retrieved 13 November 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Kivell, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (25 August 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Inouye, Sandra Emiko (1 May 1994). "Ontogeny of knuckle-walking hand postures in African apes". Journal of Human Evolution. 26 (5): 459–485. Bibcode:1994JHumE..26..459I. doi:10.1006/jhev.1994.1028. ISSN 0047-2484.
Kivell, Tracy L.; Schmitt, Daniel (25 August 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (34): 14241–14246. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Gee, Henry (23 March 2000). "These fists were made for walking". Nature. doi:10.1038/news000323-7. ISSN 0028-0836.
Toledo, Nestor; Arregui, Mariano (February 2023). "Concurrent evidence from ichnology and anatomy: the scelidotheriine ground sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora) from the Pleistocene of Argentina". Historical Biology. 35 (2): 284–292. Bibcode:2023HBio...35..284T. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2035379. ISSN 0891-2963.
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