Mainline Protestant (English Wikipedia)

Royster, Carl H. (June 2020). "Churches of Christ in the United States" (PDF). 21st Century Christian. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 29, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2020.

abc-usa.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Summary of Denominational Statistics | Regional Giving and Church Statistics Reported for the Year Ending December 31, 2017" (PDF). ABC USA. December 2014. Retrieved 2017-07-09.

anabaptistworld.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Church of the Brethren membership below 90,000". 22 May 2023. Retrieved 2023-12-23.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Marty 1980, pp. 8: "the term 'Mainline' may be as unfortunate as the pejorative-sounding WASP, but it is no more likely to fall into disuse and may as well be … Mainline religion had meant simply white Protestant until well into the twentieth century." Marty, Martin E. (1980). A Nation of Behavers. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-50892-4.
Moorhead 1999, pp. xxii, 241. Moorhead, James H. (1999). World Without End: Mainstream American Protestant Visions of the Last Things, 1880–1925. Religion in North America. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33580-7.

awab.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Association of Welcoming and Affirming Baptists, Our Church Members, awab.org, USA, accessed August 16, 2025.
Association of Welcoming and Affirming Baptists, Education Partners, awab.org, USA, accessed August 16, 2025.

baptistpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Aaron Earls, Southern Baptists grow in attendance and baptisms, decline in membership, baptistpress.com, USA, May 9, 2023

baptistworld.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Baptist World Alliance, Members, baptistworld.org, USA, retrieved May 5, 2023

barna.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Report Examines the State of Mainline Protestant Churches Archived 2011-11-06 at the Wayback Machine The Barna Group. December 7, 2009. Web: 12 Dec. 2009

beliefnet.com (Global: 5,009^th place; English: 3,478^th place)

"In Search of an Amish Church". beliefnet.com. Retrieved 2016-06-06.

blackchristiannews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hillary Clinton to Address AME Church Conference in Philadelphia". BCNN1 - Black Christian News Network. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-08.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Seitz, Christopher R. (2001). Nicene Christianity: The Future for a New Ecumenism. Brazos Press. ISBN 978-1-84227-154-4.
Drinan, R.F. (2001). The Mobilization of Shame: A World View of Human Rights. Yale University Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-300-09319-3. Retrieved 2024-11-22.

bpnews.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Roach, David (28 June 2007). "CBF lists churches 'represented' at assembly; declines to name partner churches". Baptist Press. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 2016-05-02.

brethren.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"1984 Abortion". brethren.org. Archived from the original on 2016-08-07. Retrieved 2016-06-15.

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Rickard, Carmel (December 17, 2015). "Church gives blessing to pastors over gay marriages". businesslive.co.za.

christiancentury.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Glory days? The myth of the mainline". The Christian Century. 2014-07-02. Retrieved 2017-11-07.

christianitytoday.com (Global: 2,002^nd place; English: 1,199^th place)

"Churches Divided Over Amsterdam's Same-Sex Weddings". christianitytoday.com. April 1, 2001.
Silliman, Daniel (2022-11-16). "'Nondenominational' Is Now the Largest Segment of American Protestants". Christianity Today. Retrieved 2025-06-24.
Miller, Patrick (2023-11-08). "Meet the Zoomers' Martin Luther". Christianity Today. Retrieved 2025-05-12.

christianpost.com (Global: 1,765^th place; English: 1,083^rd place)

Barrick, Audrey (March 12, 2010). "Survey Tracks Trends in Evangelical, Oldline Congregations". The Christian Post. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
Gryboski, Michael (3 August 2012). "United Methodist Church Continues to Decline in America, but Gains in Africa". Christian Post. The Christian Post. Retrieved May 15, 2015.

christianstandard.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Standard, Christian (2023-05-01). "A Movement Away from Denominationalism: What's It Mean for Us? - Christian Standard". christianstandard.com. Retrieved 2025-06-24.

clclutheran.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

atlanta.clclutheran.org

Lau, David; Mayhew, Nathanael. "A Brief History of the Lutheran Churches in America" (PDF). atlanta.clclutheran.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016.

communitas.co.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Mainline Protestantism in South Africa and modernity". 2008-09-05. Retrieved 2016-06-28.

cronica.com.mx (Global: 4,326^th place; English: 8,683^rd place)

"Anglicanos mexicanos rechazan unirse a la Iglesia católica". cronica.com.mx. Archived from the original on 2020-12-19. Retrieved 2016-06-20. The Church claims this number of adherents or members, though it is most likely a much smaller percentage of this total, according to data provided by the Mexican Institute for Statistics and Geography (INEGI) which includes them among "other Protestants" in the traditional Protestant and Reformed church category. This is an "umbrella" category and includes a wide variety of churches and as a category has as adherents or members only slightly over 50,000 persons. The Anglican Church of Mexico has had a long history of overreporting its number of adherents or members as it received subsidies from the Episcopal Church in the U.S. (now TEC) depending on growth.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Haskell, David Millard; Flatt, Kevin N.; Burgoyne, Stephanie (2016). "Theology Matters: Comparing the Traits of Growing and Declining Mainline Protestant Church Attendees and Clergy". Review of Religious Research. 58 (4): 515–541. doi:10.1007/s13644-016-0255-4. ISSN 0034-673X. JSTOR 26378379.
Nurser, Canon John (2003). "The "Ecumenical Movement" Churches, "Global Order," and Human Rights: 1938-1948". Human Rights Quarterly. 25 (4): 841–881. doi:10.1353/hrq.2003.0049. ISSN 0275-0392. JSTOR 20069697.
Dunderberg 2008, pp. 18–19: "with theological meaning, such as replacing 'orthodoxy' with 'mainstream Christianity' and 'heresy' with terms like 'sect,' 'splinter group,' or something similar. These designations may create the impression of greater neutrality and ..." Dunderberg, Ismo (2008). Beyond Gnosticism: Myth, Lifestyle, and Society in the School of Valentinus. New York: Columbia University Press. doi:10.7312/dund14172. ISBN 978-0-231-51259-6. JSTOR 10.7312/dund14172.
Fallding 1978; Pew Research Center 2015b, p. 108. Fallding, Harold (1978). "Mainline Protestantism in Canada and the United States of America: An Overview". Canadian Journal of Sociology. 3 (2): 141–160. doi:10.2307/3340276. JSTOR 3340276.
Vanel 2017, pp. 95, 108. Vanel, Chrystal (Fall 2017). "Community of Christ: An American Progressive Christianity, with Mormonism as an Option". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 50 (3): 89–114. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.50.3.0089.
Launius 1998, p. 48. Launius, Roger D. (1998). "The Reorganized Church, the Decade of Decision, and the Abilene Paradox". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 31 (1): 47–65. doi:10.2307/45226417. JSTOR 45226417.
Thompson 2007. Thompson, Michael G. (2007). "An Exception to Exceptionalism: A Reflection on Reinhold Niebuhr's Vision of 'Prophetic' Christianity and the Problem of Religion and U.S. Foreign Policy". American Quarterly. 59 (3): 833–855. doi:10.1353/aq.2007.0070. JSTOR 40068452. S2CID 145379028.
Hout, Greeley & Wilde 2001. Hout, Michael; Greeley, Andrew; Wilde, Melissa J. (2001). "The Demographic Imperative in Religious Change in the United States". American Journal of Sociology. 107 (2): 468–500. doi:10.1086/324189. JSTOR 3081357. S2CID 143419130.
Hout, Greeley & Wilde 2001, p. 494-5. Hout, Michael; Greeley, Andrew; Wilde, Melissa J. (2001). "The Demographic Imperative in Religious Change in the United States". American Journal of Sociology. 107 (2): 468–500. doi:10.1086/324189. JSTOR 3081357. S2CID 143419130.
Hacker 1957, p. 1011. Hacker, Andrew (1957). "Liberal Democracy and Social Control". American Political Science Review. 51 (4): 1009–1026. doi:10.2307/1952449. JSTOR 1952449. S2CID 146933599.
McKinney 1998, pp. 57–66. McKinney, William (1998). "Mainline Protestantism 2000". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 558: 57–66. doi:10.1177/0002716298558001006. JSTOR 1049104. S2CID 144644587.
Hempel, Lynn M.; Bartkowski, John; Matthews, Todd (2012). "Trust in a "Fallen World": The Case of Protestant Theological Conservatism". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 51 (3): 522–541. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2012.01662.x. ISSN 0021-8294. JSTOR 41681809.

elca.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Abortion". ELCA.org. Retrieved 2016-06-03.

elcic.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"SUMMARY OF THE ELCIC CONGREGATION REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2015" (PDF). elcic.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-01. Retrieved 2017-07-09.

evangelicalfocus.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

""Christians are a minority now, but that helps us start new conversations"". Evangelical Focus. Retrieved 2021-07-20.

faithcommunitiestoday.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hadaway 2011. Hadaway, C. Kirk (2011). FACTs On Growth: 2010 (PDF). Hartford, Connecticut: Hartford Institute for Religion Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 30, 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
"Facts on Growth: 2010: If Congregations Can Change, They Can Grow". Faith Communities Today. Cooperative Congregations Studies Partnership. Archived from the original on April 4, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2015.

generalconvention.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

extranet.generalconvention.org

Baptized Members by Province and Diocese 2013-2022 (pdf), The Episcopal Church, retrieved 23 December 2023
FAST FACTS From Parochial Report Data 2022, The Episcopal Church, retrieved 23 December 2023

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Burge, Ryan. "The Future of American Christianity is Non-Denominational". www.graphsaboutreligion.com. Retrieved 2025-06-24.

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hirr.hartsem.edu

Hadaway & Marler 2006, pp. 3–4; Roozen 2004. Hadaway, C. Kirk; Marler, Penny Long (2006). "Growth and Decline in the Mainline". In Lippy, Charles H. (ed.). Faith in America: Changes, Challenges, New Directions. Volume 1: Organized Religion Today. Praeger Perspectives. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. pp. 1–24. ISBN 978-0-275-98606-3. Roozen, David A. (2004). Oldline Protestantism: Pockets of Vitality Within a Continuing Stream of Decline. Hartford Institute for Religion Research Working Paper. Hartford, Connecticut: Hartford Institute for Religion Research. 1104.1. Retrieved January 9, 2012.

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

Bradshaw, William B. (October 11, 2013). "Mainline Churches: Past, Present, Future". The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 3, 2016.

ierp.org.ar (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Matrimonio de personas del mismo sexo". ierp.org.ar (in Spanish). Iglesia Evangélica del Río de la Plata. May 31, 2010. Retrieved 2026-01-04.

inegi.org.mx (Global: 1,063^rd place; English: 1,806^th place)

internet.contenidos.inegi.org.mx

"Panorama de las religiones en México 2010"

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Haskell, David Millard; Flatt, Kevin N.; Burgoyne, Stephanie (2016). "Theology Matters: Comparing the Traits of Growing and Declining Mainline Protestant Church Attendees and Clergy". Review of Religious Research. 58 (4): 515–541. doi:10.1007/s13644-016-0255-4. ISSN 0034-673X. JSTOR 26378379.
Chan, Shun-hing (2021). "The Political Influence of Mainline Protestant Churches in Hong Kong". China Review. 21 (4): 225–258. ISSN 1680-2012. JSTOR 48635898.
Nurser, Canon John (2003). "The "Ecumenical Movement" Churches, "Global Order," and Human Rights: 1938-1948". Human Rights Quarterly. 25 (4): 841–881. doi:10.1353/hrq.2003.0049. ISSN 0275-0392. JSTOR 20069697.
Dunderberg 2008, pp. 18–19: "with theological meaning, such as replacing 'orthodoxy' with 'mainstream Christianity' and 'heresy' with terms like 'sect,' 'splinter group,' or something similar. These designations may create the impression of greater neutrality and ..." Dunderberg, Ismo (2008). Beyond Gnosticism: Myth, Lifestyle, and Society in the School of Valentinus. New York: Columbia University Press. doi:10.7312/dund14172. ISBN 978-0-231-51259-6. JSTOR 10.7312/dund14172.
Fallding 1978; Pew Research Center 2015b, p. 108. Fallding, Harold (1978). "Mainline Protestantism in Canada and the United States of America: An Overview". Canadian Journal of Sociology. 3 (2): 141–160. doi:10.2307/3340276. JSTOR 3340276.
Launius 1998, p. 48. Launius, Roger D. (1998). "The Reorganized Church, the Decade of Decision, and the Abilene Paradox". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 31 (1): 47–65. doi:10.2307/45226417. JSTOR 45226417.
Thompson 2007. Thompson, Michael G. (2007). "An Exception to Exceptionalism: A Reflection on Reinhold Niebuhr's Vision of 'Prophetic' Christianity and the Problem of Religion and U.S. Foreign Policy". American Quarterly. 59 (3): 833–855. doi:10.1353/aq.2007.0070. JSTOR 40068452. S2CID 145379028.
Hout, Greeley & Wilde 2001. Hout, Michael; Greeley, Andrew; Wilde, Melissa J. (2001). "The Demographic Imperative in Religious Change in the United States". American Journal of Sociology. 107 (2): 468–500. doi:10.1086/324189. JSTOR 3081357. S2CID 143419130.
Hout, Greeley & Wilde 2001, p. 494-5. Hout, Michael; Greeley, Andrew; Wilde, Melissa J. (2001). "The Demographic Imperative in Religious Change in the United States". American Journal of Sociology. 107 (2): 468–500. doi:10.1086/324189. JSTOR 3081357. S2CID 143419130.
Hacker 1957, p. 1011. Hacker, Andrew (1957). "Liberal Democracy and Social Control". American Political Science Review. 51 (4): 1009–1026. doi:10.2307/1952449. JSTOR 1952449. S2CID 146933599.
McKinney 1998, pp. 57–66. McKinney, William (1998). "Mainline Protestantism 2000". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 558: 57–66. doi:10.1177/0002716298558001006. JSTOR 1049104. S2CID 144644587.
Hempel, Lynn M.; Bartkowski, John; Matthews, Todd (2012). "Trust in a "Fallen World": The Case of Protestant Theological Conservatism". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 51 (3): 522–541. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2012.01662.x. ISSN 0021-8294. JSTOR 41681809.

juicyecumenism.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Walton, Jeffrey (2023-09-14). "Disciples Suffer Massive Membership Drop Post-2019". Juicy Ecumenism. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
Walton, Jeffrey (2023-09-14). "Disciples Suffer Massive Membership Drop Post-2019". Juicy Ecumenism. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
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Services, Times Wire (2003-07-12). "Mennonites Approve Dual Policy on Abortion". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2016-06-15.

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"2024 Annual Report". Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod. 2024. Retrieved July 21, 2025.

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Walton, Jeff (2025-07-08). "Trinity Anglican Seminary Goes 'Whole Candlestick'". The Living Church. Retrieved 2025-08-14.

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"About Mennonite Church Canada | Mennonite Church Canada". home.mennonitechurch.ca. Retrieved 2016-06-06.

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"A Brief History of the Moravian Church « The Moravian Church « Moravian Church of North America". moravian.org. Archived from the original on 2016-04-16. Retrieved 2016-05-02.

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Elliot, Neil (15 March 2024). "Dioceses of the ACC – by numbers". Numbers Matters. (Neil Elliot is the statistics officer for the Anglican Church of Canada.). Retrieved 14 May 2024.

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B.DRUMMOND AYRES Jr. (2011-12-19). "THE EPISCOPALIANS: AN AMERICAN ELITE WITH ROOTS GOING BACK TO JAMESTOWN". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-08-17.
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"Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in Canada – World Council of Churches". oikoumene.org. January 1948. Retrieved 2016-06-06.
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Jones, Rick (May 1, 2023). "PC(USA) church membership still in decline". Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Archived from the original on May 1, 2023. Retrieved August 11, 2023.
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Masci, David (November 14, 2014). "Why has Pentecostalism grown so dramatically in Latin America?". Fact Tank. Pew Research Center. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
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Thompson 2007. Thompson, Michael G. (2007). "An Exception to Exceptionalism: A Reflection on Reinhold Niebuhr's Vision of 'Prophetic' Christianity and the Problem of Religion and U.S. Foreign Policy". American Quarterly. 59 (3): 833–855. doi:10.1353/aq.2007.0070. JSTOR 40068452. S2CID 145379028.
Hout, Greeley & Wilde 2001. Hout, Michael; Greeley, Andrew; Wilde, Melissa J. (2001). "The Demographic Imperative in Religious Change in the United States". American Journal of Sociology. 107 (2): 468–500. doi:10.1086/324189. JSTOR 3081357. S2CID 143419130.
Hout, Greeley & Wilde 2001, p. 494-5. Hout, Michael; Greeley, Andrew; Wilde, Melissa J. (2001). "The Demographic Imperative in Religious Change in the United States". American Journal of Sociology. 107 (2): 468–500. doi:10.1086/324189. JSTOR 3081357. S2CID 143419130.
Hacker 1957, p. 1011. Hacker, Andrew (1957). "Liberal Democracy and Social Control". American Political Science Review. 51 (4): 1009–1026. doi:10.2307/1952449. JSTOR 1952449. S2CID 146933599.
McKinney 1998, pp. 57–66. McKinney, William (1998). "Mainline Protestantism 2000". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 558: 57–66. doi:10.1177/0002716298558001006. JSTOR 1049104. S2CID 144644587.

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"Community of Christ and Consolidated Affiliates Consolidated Financial Report" (PDF). December 31, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
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"1984 Abortion". brethren.org. Archived from the original on 2016-08-07. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
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windows.net (Global: 3,026^th place; English: 2,399^th place)

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"Summary of Congregational Statistics as of 12/31/2024" (PDF). elca.org. Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Retrieved August 3, 2025.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

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Services, Times Wire (2003-07-12). "Mennonites Approve Dual Policy on Abortion". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
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doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

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patheos.com (Global: 5,954^th place; English: 3,653^rd place)

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