Mamluk Sultanate (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Mamluk Sultanate" in English language version.

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Turan, Fikret (2007). "The Mamluks and Their Acceptance of Oghuz Turkish as Literary Language: Political Maneuver or Cultural Aspiration?". Turcologica. 69: 37–47.

agakhanmuseum.org

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Fischel 1967, p. 72. Fischel, Walter Joseph (1967). Ibn Khaldūn in Egypt: His Public Functions and His Historical Research, 1382–1406, a Study in Islamic Historiography. University of California Press.
Ettinghausen, Richard (1977). Arab painting. New York : Rizzoli. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-8478-0081-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
Ettinghausen, Richard (1977). Arab painting. New York : Rizzoli. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-8478-0081-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
Fischel 1967, p. 75. Fischel, Walter Joseph (1967). Ibn Khaldūn in Egypt: His Public Functions and His Historical Research, 1382–1406, a Study in Islamic Historiography. University of California Press.
McGregor 2006, p. 15. McGregor, Andrew James (2006). A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-2759-8601-8.
Varlik 2015, p. 163. Varlik, Nükhet (2015). Plague and Empire in the Early Modern Mediterranean World: The Ottoman Experience, 1347–1600. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-35182-6.

books.google.com

Rabbat 2001, p. 69. Rabbat, Nasser (2001). "Representing the Mamluks in Mamluk Historical Writing". In Kennedy, Hugh N. (ed.). The Historiography of Islamic Egypt: (c. 950–1800). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-11794-5.
Levanoni 1995, p. 17. Levanoni, Amalia (1995). A Turning Point in Mamluk History: The Third Reign of Al-Nāṣir Muḥammad Ibn Qalāwūn (1310–1341). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10182-1.
Johnson, Amy J. (2005). "Cairo". In Shillington, Kevin (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set. Routledge. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-135-45670-2.
Nicolle 2014, p. 4. Nicolle, David (2014). Mamluk 'Askari 1250–1517. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78200-929-0.
Rodenbeck 1999, p. 57. Rodenbeck, Max (1999). Cairo: The City Victorious. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 0-679-44651-6.
Clifford 2013, p. 65. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Cummins 2011, p. 94. Cummins, Joseph (2011). History's Greatest Wars: The Epic Conflicts that Shaped the Modern World. Fair Winds Press. ISBN 978-1-61058-055-7.
Clifford 2013, p. 67. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Clifford 2013, pp. 67–68. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Clifford 2013, pp. 68–69. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Clifford 2013, p. 69. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Irwin 1986, pp. 19–21. Irwin, Robert (1986). The Middle East in the Middle Ages: The Early Mamluk Sultanate, 1250–1382. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 0-8093-1286-7.
Clifford 2013, p. 70. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Clifford 2013, p. 71. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Clifford 2013, p. 72. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Clifford 2013, p. 73. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Clifford 2013, pp. 72–73. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Northrup 1998a, p. 69. Northrup, Linda (1998a). From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678–689 A.H./1279–1290 A.D.). Franz Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-06861-1.
Clifford 2013, pp. 75–76. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Clifford 2013, p. 77. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Clifford 2013, p. 78. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Clifford 2013, pp. 79–80. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Northrup 1998a, p. 70. Northrup, Linda (1998a). From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678–689 A.H./1279–1290 A.D.). Franz Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-06861-1.
Clifford 2013, pp. 73–74. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Northrup 1998a, pp. 70–71. Northrup, Linda (1998a). From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678–689 A.H./1279–1290 A.D.). Franz Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-06861-1.
Northrup 1998a, p. 71. Northrup, Linda (1998a). From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678–689 A.H./1279–1290 A.D.). Franz Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-06861-1.
Clifford 2013, p. 80. Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan (ed.). State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648–741 A.H./1250–1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0091-1.
Cummins 2011, p. 89. Cummins, Joseph (2011). History's Greatest Wars: The Epic Conflicts that Shaped the Modern World. Fair Winds Press. ISBN 978-1-61058-055-7.
Northrup 1998a, p. 72. Northrup, Linda (1998a). From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678–689 A.H./1279–1290 A.D.). Franz Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-06861-1.
Cummins 2011, p. 90. Cummins, Joseph (2011). History's Greatest Wars: The Epic Conflicts that Shaped the Modern World. Fair Winds Press. ISBN 978-1-61058-055-7.
Cummins 2011, p. 91. Cummins, Joseph (2011). History's Greatest Wars: The Epic Conflicts that Shaped the Modern World. Fair Winds Press. ISBN 978-1-61058-055-7.
Asbridge 2010, pp. 92–93. Asbridge, Thomas (2010). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-770-5.
Asbridge 2010, p. 95. Asbridge, Thomas (2010). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-770-5.
Northrup 1998a, p. 73. Northrup, Linda (1998a). From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678–689 A.H./1279–1290 A.D.). Franz Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-06861-1.
Asbridge 2010, p. 97. Asbridge, Thomas (2010). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-770-5.
Asbridge 2010, p. 98. Asbridge, Thomas (2010). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-770-5.
Asbridge 2010, pp. 99–100. Asbridge, Thomas (2010). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-770-5.
Asbridge 2010, pp. 103–104. Asbridge, Thomas (2010). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-770-5.
Asbridge 2010, p. 106. Asbridge, Thomas (2010). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-770-5.
Behrens-Abouseif 2014. Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2014). "Africa". Practising Diplomacy in the Mamluk Sultanate: Gifts and Material Culture in the Medieval Islamic World. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-541-6.
Nicolle 2014, p. 52. Nicolle, David (2014). Mamluk 'Askari 1250–1517. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78200-929-0.
Holt & Daly 1961, pp. 17–18. Holt, Peter Malcolm; Daly, M. W. (1961). A History of the Sudan: From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-1-317-86366-3. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Asbridge 2010, p. 107. Asbridge, Thomas (2010). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-770-5.
Asbridge 2010, p. 108. Asbridge, Thomas (2010). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-770-5.
Northrup 1998a, p. 84. Northrup, Linda (1998a). From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678–689 A.H./1279–1290 A.D.). Franz Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-06861-1.
Asbridge 2010, pp. 109–110. Asbridge, Thomas (2010). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-770-5.
Northrup 1998a, pp. 84–85. Northrup, Linda (1998a). From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678–689 A.H./1279–1290 A.D.). Franz Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-06861-1.
Northrup 1998a, pp. 119–120. Northrup, Linda (1998a). From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678–689 A.H./1279–1290 A.D.). Franz Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-06861-1.
Northrup 1998a, pp. 115–116. Northrup, Linda (1998a). From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678–689 A.H./1279–1290 A.D.). Franz Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-06861-1.
Rabbat 1995, p. 139. Rabbat, Nasser O. (1995). The Citadel of Cairo: A New Interpretation of Royal Mameluk Architecture. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10124-1.
Levanoni 1995, p. 32. Levanoni, Amalia (1995). A Turning Point in Mamluk History: The Third Reign of Al-Nāṣir Muḥammad Ibn Qalāwūn (1310–1341). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10182-1.
Asbridge 2010, p. 114. Asbridge, Thomas (2010). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-770-5.
Amitai 2006, p. 34. Amitai, Reuven (2006). "The Logistics of the Mamluk-Mongol War, with Special Reference to the Battle of Wadi'l-Khaznadar, 1299 C.E.". In Pryor, John H. (ed.). Logistics of Warfare in the Age of the Crusades. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-5197-0.
Amitai 2006, p. 38. Amitai, Reuven (2006). "The Logistics of the Mamluk-Mongol War, with Special Reference to the Battle of Wadi'l-Khaznadar, 1299 C.E.". In Pryor, John H. (ed.). Logistics of Warfare in the Age of the Crusades. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-5197-0.
Yedida Kalfon Stillman, Norman A. Stillman (2003). Arab Dress: A Short History : from the Dawn of Islam to Modern Times. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. pp. Fig. 22. ISBN 9789004113732. Fig. 22. Frontispiece of a court scene from a Maqamat manuscript, probably from Egypt, dated 1334. The enthroned prince wears a brocaded qabli' maftulJ with inscribed Tiraz armbands over a qabli' turki which is clinched at the waist with a hiyasa of gold roundels (bawlikir). The two musicians at the lower right both wear turkic coats and plumed caps, one of which has an upwardly turned brim. The plumes are set in a front metal plaque ('amud) (Nationalbibliothek, Vienna, ms A. F. 9, fol. 1).
Vermeulen, Urbain; Smet, Daniel De (1995). Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk Eras. Peeters Publishers. pp. 313–314. ISBN 978-90-6831-683-4.
Levanoni 1995, p. 28. Levanoni, Amalia (1995). A Turning Point in Mamluk History: The Third Reign of Al-Nāṣir Muḥammad Ibn Qalāwūn (1310–1341). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10182-1.
Levanoni 1995, p. 29. Levanoni, Amalia (1995). A Turning Point in Mamluk History: The Third Reign of Al-Nāṣir Muḥammad Ibn Qalāwūn (1310–1341). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10182-1.
Levanoni 1995, p. 30. Levanoni, Amalia (1995). A Turning Point in Mamluk History: The Third Reign of Al-Nāṣir Muḥammad Ibn Qalāwūn (1310–1341). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10182-1.
Levanoni 1995, pp. 31–33. Levanoni, Amalia (1995). A Turning Point in Mamluk History: The Third Reign of Al-Nāṣir Muḥammad Ibn Qalāwūn (1310–1341). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10182-1.
Drory 2006, p. 21. Drory, Joseph (2006). "The Prince who Favored the Desert: Fragmentary Biography of al-Nasir Ahmad (d. 745/1344)". In Wasserstein, David J.; Ayalon, Ami (eds.). Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter. Routledge. ISBN 9-78-0-415-37278-7.
Drory 2006, p. 24. Drory, Joseph (2006). "The Prince who Favored the Desert: Fragmentary Biography of al-Nasir Ahmad (d. 745/1344)". In Wasserstein, David J.; Ayalon, Ami (eds.). Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter. Routledge. ISBN 9-78-0-415-37278-7.
Drory 2006, p. 27. Drory, Joseph (2006). "The Prince who Favored the Desert: Fragmentary Biography of al-Nasir Ahmad (d. 745/1344)". In Wasserstein, David J.; Ayalon, Ami (eds.). Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter. Routledge. ISBN 9-78-0-415-37278-7.
Drory 2006, pp. 28–29. Drory, Joseph (2006). "The Prince who Favored the Desert: Fragmentary Biography of al-Nasir Ahmad (d. 745/1344)". In Wasserstein, David J.; Ayalon, Ami (eds.). Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter. Routledge. ISBN 9-78-0-415-37278-7.
Holt 1986, pp. 122–123. Holt, Peter Malcolm (1986). The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517. Addison Wesley Longman. ISBN 978-1-317-87152-1.
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Petersen, Andrew (2002). Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge. p. 269. ISBN 978-1-134-61366-3.
Levanoni 1995, p. 119. Levanoni, Amalia (1995). A Turning Point in Mamluk History: The Third Reign of Al-Nāṣir Muḥammad Ibn Qalāwūn (1310–1341). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10182-1.
Al-Harithy 1996, p. 70. Al-Harithy, Howyda N. (1996). "The Complex of Sultan Hasan in Cairo: Reading Between the Lines". In Necıpoğlu, Gülru (ed.). Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World, Volume 13. Leiden: Brill. pp. 68–79. ISBN 90-04-10633-2.
Petry 1998, p. 637. Petry, Carl F. (1998). "The Military Institution and Innovation in the Late Mamluk Period". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Egypt, Vol. 1: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-06885-7.
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Holt 1986, p. 127. Holt, Peter Malcolm (1986). The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517. Addison Wesley Longman. ISBN 978-1-317-87152-1.
Holt 1986, pp. 127–128. Holt, Peter Malcolm (1986). The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517. Addison Wesley Longman. ISBN 978-1-317-87152-1.
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Rodenbeck 1999, p. 113. Rodenbeck, Max (1999). Cairo: The City Victorious. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 0-679-44651-6.
Rodenbeck 1999, p. 114. Rodenbeck, Max (1999). Cairo: The City Victorious. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 0-679-44651-6.
Winter 1998, p. 96. Winter, Michael (1998). "The Re-Emergence of the Mamluks Following the Ottoman Conquest". In Philipp, Thomas; Haarmann, Ulrich (eds.). The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59115-7.
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Rabbat 2001, p. 60. Rabbat, Nasser (2001). "Representing the Mamluks in Mamluk Historical Writing". In Kennedy, Hugh N. (ed.). The Historiography of Islamic Egypt: (c. 950–1800). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-11794-5.
Flemming, Barbara (2017). Essays on Turkish Literature and History. Brill. p. 107. ISBN 978-90-04-35576-7.
Rabbat 2001, pp. 60–61. Rabbat, Nasser (2001). "Representing the Mamluks in Mamluk Historical Writing". In Kennedy, Hugh N. (ed.). The Historiography of Islamic Egypt: (c. 950–1800). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-11794-5.
King 1999, p. 76-78. King, David A. (1999). World-Maps for Finding the Direction and Distance to Mecca. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-11367-1.
Stilt 2011, p. 109. Stilt, Kristen (2011). Islamic Law in Action: Authority, Discretion, and Everyday Experiences in Mamluk Egypt. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960243-8.
Teule 2013, p. 10. Teule, Herman G. B. (2013). "Introduction: Constantinople and Granada, Christian-Muslim Interaction 1350–1516". In Thomas, David; Mallett, Alex (eds.). Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History, Volume 5 (1350–1500). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-25278-3.
Stilt 2011, p. 120. Stilt, Kristen (2011). Islamic Law in Action: Authority, Discretion, and Everyday Experiences in Mamluk Egypt. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960243-8.
Teule 2013, p. 11. Teule, Herman G. B. (2013). "Introduction: Constantinople and Granada, Christian-Muslim Interaction 1350–1516". In Thomas, David; Mallett, Alex (eds.). Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History, Volume 5 (1350–1500). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-25278-3.
Teule 2013, p. 12. Teule, Herman G. B. (2013). "Introduction: Constantinople and Granada, Christian-Muslim Interaction 1350–1516". In Thomas, David; Mallett, Alex (eds.). Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History, Volume 5 (1350–1500). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-25278-3.
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Poliak, A. N. (January 1937). "Some Notes on the Feudal System of the Mamlūks". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. 69 (1): 97–107. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00096179. ISSN 0035-869X.
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Ettinghausen, Richard (1971). "Hilāl". In Lewis, B.; Ménage, V. L.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume III: H–Iram. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 382–383. OCLC 495469525.
Behrens-Abouseif 2009, pp. 149–159. Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2009). "The Jalayirid Connection in Mamluk Metalware". Muqarnas. 26 (1): 149–159. doi:10.1163/22118993-90000147. ISSN 0732-2992. JSTOR 27811138.