Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Neuromodulation" in English language version.
Neuroprostheses such as cochlear implants and sacral root stimulators are also commonly included within the definition of neuromodulation. Electrical neuromodulation is electrical stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, plexuses of nerves, the autonomic system, and functional electrical stimulation of the muscles, while chemical neuromodulation uses direct placement of chemical agents to neural tissues through utilization of technology of implantation such as epidural or intrathecal delivery systems.