Nur-Sultan (English Wikipedia)

Международный аэропорт Астаны [Astana International Airport] (in Russian). Aeroport.kz. Archived from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2015.

ahdictionary.com

"Astana". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 9 April 2019.

akorda.kz

"О назначении Касымбека Ж.М." (in Russian). akorda.kz. 8 December 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
"Astana – the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan". Official site of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Archived from the original on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.

amu.kz

"About the University". Astana Medical University. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

angelfire.com

"Astana". Angelfire.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.

apcoworldwide.com

"APCO Worldwide to Drive Energy Innovation Future as Chief Organizing Partner for USA Pavilion at Expo 2017". Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.

archive-it.org

wayback.archive-it.org

"Akmola (Astana) Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2021.

astana-hotels.net

"Religion in Astana - Astana". www.astana-hotels.net. Archived from the original on 1 January 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2017.

astana.gov.kz

"The history of Astana". Akimat of Astana. 19 January 2013. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"Over 170 thousand of people involved in small and medium enterprise in Astana". Akimat of Astana. 14 March 2014. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
"The number of university students in Astana increased by more than 10%". Akimat of Astana. 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
"Passenger traffic in Astana airport to increase to 5 million passengers a year by 2017". Akimat of Astana. 26 February 2013. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
"New Passenger Terminal will be created after the Capitals Airport Reconstruction". Akimat of Astana. 6 November 2014. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.

astanaairport.kz

en.astanaairport.kz

"Passenger traffic". Astana International Airport. Archived from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
"General information". Astana International Airport. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.

astanaforum.org

blog.astanaforum.org

"Expo2017: Future Energy and Impact on our Lives". Astana Economic Forum. Archived from the original on 23 July 2014.

astanatimes.com

Dauletkyzy, Adelya (16 June 2021). "Kazakhstan Selects Top 10 Tourist Destinations". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
April 2019, Dilshat Zhussupova in Nur-Sultan on 26 (26 April 2019). "Nur-Sultan launches effort to attract another year of record foreign direct investment, says city administration". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
"Nur-Sultan, Almaty among 10 most popular tourist cities in CIS". astanatimes.com. 16 October 2019. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
Ilyas Omarov (4 July 2013). "Astana Presidential Sports Club Launched". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
Dmitry Lee (3 March 2015). "Alau Ice Palace Hosts World Sprint Skating Championship, Kazakh Skaters Fail to Reach Podium". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
Ainur Kuramyssova (17 December 2014). "36 Buses Added to Astana's Most Popular Routes". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
Satubaldina, Assel (29 June 2017). "Astana moving closer to becoming smart city". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Timeline: Kazakhstan". BBC News. 31 January 2012. Archived from the original on 19 May 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2013.

bbc.com

"Nursultan: Kazakhstan renames capital Astana after ex-president". BBC News. 20 March 2019.

bcastana.kz

"History". BC Astana. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

bie-paris.org

"Future energy – solutions for tackling mankind's greatest challenge". BIE. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2017.

books.google.com

Kozlov & Gilburd 2013, p. 293. Kozlov, Denis; Gilburd, Eleonory (2013). The Thaw: Soviet Society and Culture during the 1950s and 1960s. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781442644601.
Khrushchev 2010, p. 739. Khrushchev, Sergei (2010). Никита Хрущев. Реформатор Никита Хрущев. Реформатор [Nikita Khrushchev. Reformer]. Время. ISBN 9785969105331.
Kozlov & Gilburd 2013, p. 295. Kozlov, Denis; Gilburd, Eleonory (2013). The Thaw: Soviet Society and Culture during the 1950s and 1960s. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781442644601.
Kozlov & Gilburd 2013, p. 296. Kozlov, Denis; Gilburd, Eleonory (2013). The Thaw: Soviet Society and Culture during the 1950s and 1960s. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781442644601.
Whyte 2000, p. 216. Whyte, Andy (2000). Kisho Kurokawa, Architect and Associates: Selected and Current Works. Images Publishing. ISBN 9781864700190.

britishcycling.org.uk

"Preview: 2011 UCI Track World Cup round 1". BritishCycling.org.uk. 27 October 2011. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

canada.com

"Still the third-coldest capital, despite balmy temperatures". Canada.com. 4 January 2007. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

Carrington, Daisy (13 July 2012). "Astana: The world's weirdest capital city". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

collinsdictionary.com

"Astana". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2019.

countrycallingcodes.com

"Kazakhstan Country Codes". CountryCallingCodes.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.

demoscope.ru

"Население Астаны". www.demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2017.

dw.com

"Nursultan, not Astana – Kazakhstan renames capital to honor Nazarbayev". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.

e-history.kz

From Bozok to a Modern Capital: the Long Journey Astana has Made Thus Far. "From Bozok to a Modern Capital: The Long Journey Astana has Made Thus Far". e-history.kz. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
"Revolt of 1837—1849 under the leadership of khan Kenesary". e-history.kz. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
"History of Astana". e-history.kz. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
S. Kurmanova. "Deportation of Volga Germans to Kazakhstan: Causes and Consequences" (PDF). e-history.kz. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
"Astana – the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan". e-history.kz. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.

easyway.info

kz.easyway.info

"Full list and map of current bus lines in Astana". EasyWay. Retrieved 7 January 2023.

economist.com

"Guess which city holds the record for the most name changes?". The Economist. 1 October 2022. p. 29. Retrieved 31 October 2022.

enu.kz

История и ЕНУ сегодня [History and ENU today] (in Russian). L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

eurashe.eu

"Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade (KazUEFIT)". EURASHE.eu. 20 January 2015. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.

eurasianet.org

"Kazakhstan's Capital Holds a Lavish Anniversary Celebration". EurasiaNet.org. 9 July 2007. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
Paul Bartlett (8 August 2010). "Ice Comes Early for Astana Hockey Fans". Eurasianet.org. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

expo2017astana.com

"Vision". expo2017astana.com. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016.

fca.kz

Достижения [Achievements] (in Russian). Astana F.C. Archived from the original on 17 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.

forbes.com

"Kazakhstan's New Capital Is Growing Up Quick". Forbes. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.

geonames.org

"ISO Subentity Codes for Kazakhstan". GeoNames.org. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.

globaldatalab.org

hdi.globaldatalab.org

"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

imf.org

"Kazakhstan: Staff Concluding Statement of the 2018 Article IV Mission". IMF. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.

info-tses.kz

В новом учебном году в ЕНУ им. Л.Н. Гумилева будут обучаться 16 558 человек [16 558 students will study in the new academic year at the L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University] (in Russian). Info-Tses. 31 August 2014. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.

inform.kz

"Astana renamed as Nur-Sultan". Kazinform. 23 March 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
"Number of small and medium-sized business entities grew by 13.7% in Astana". inform.kz. 14 July 2015. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
"5 new schools open doors in Astana today". Kazinform. 1 September 2014. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
"13,000 to start school this year in Astana". Kazinform. 4 August 2014. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
"Международный авторитет Астаны повышают города-побратимы". inform.kz (in Russian). KazInform. 6 July 2016. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.

informburo.kz

Жулмухаметова, Жадра (31 October 2017). "Чиновники работают над тем, чтобы уместить в Астане два миллиона человек" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

insidethegames.biz

Paul Osborne (9 April 2014). "Astana Presidential Sports Club outlines vision to boost Kazakhstan's image". insidethegames.biz. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.

intelligentcommunity.org

"The Smart21 Communities of the Year". www.intelligentcommunity.org. Archived from the original on 5 January 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2017.

kazatu.kz

"History of the university". S.Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

kazguu.kz

"History of KAZGUU". Kazakh Humanities and Law Institute. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

kaznui.kz

"About us". Kazakh National University of Arts. Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2014.

kazpravda.kz

Nazymgul Kumyspaeva. "International President's Cup tennis tournament kicked off in Astana". KazPravda.kz. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

kemlu.go.id

"30 Years of Indonesia - Kazakhstan Bilateral Relations: Astana and Nusantara Forge Sister City Cooperation in Historic First". kemlu.go.id. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia). 4 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.

khl.ru

en.khl.ru

"Barys Astana". Kontinental Hockey League. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

mhl.khl.ru

"Snezhnye Barsy". Junior Hockey League. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

lexico.com

"Astana" Archived 13 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine (US) and "Astana". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020.

manila.gov.ph

"About Manila: Sister Cities". City of Manila. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2016.

marginalrevolution.com

Lillis, Joanna (20 March 2019). "Dark Shadows: Inside the Secret World of Kazakhstan". Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.

merriam-webster.com

"Nursultan". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 13 May 2019.

mfa.gov.tm

"State visit of President of Turkmenistan to the Republic of Kazakhstan". mfa.gov.tm. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan. 18 April 2017. Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.

miras-astana.kz

"General information about school". Miras International School. Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2014.

nis.edu.kz

"Intellectual schools". Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools. Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

noaa.gov

ncei.noaa.gov

"Akmola (Astana) Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2021.

nu.edu.kz

"History & Strategy". Nazarbayev University. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

nurorda.org

"About Us". Archived from the original on 27 April 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2019.

nytimes.com

Myers, Steven Lee (13 October 2006). "Kazakhstan's Futuristic Capital, Complete With Pyramid". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

oxforddictionaries.com

en.oxforddictionaries.com

"Astana" Archived 13 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine (US) and "Astana". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020.

pogodaiklimat.ru

"Weather and Climate-The Climate of Astana" (in Russian). Weather and Climate. Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2022.

postalcodedb.com

"Postal Code for Astana, Kazakhstan". Postal Codes Database. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.

qazmonitor.com

"The Capital Has Been Officially Renamed to Astana". The Qazaqstan Monitor. 18 September 2022.
Khangerey, Alua (12 August 2022). "Largest Mosque in Central Asia Opens in Nur-Sultan". The Qazaqstan Monitor.
"How did Astana and Almaty Rank on Global Financial Centers Index?". The Qazaqstan Monitor. 23 September 2022. p. 1.
"7 Sights to See on Your Next Visit to Nur-Sultan". The Qazaqstan Monitor.

qsi.org

"QSI International School of Astana". Quality Schools International (QSI). Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2014.

railways.kz

""Astana" station". Kazakhstan Temir Zholy. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.

samarkandtours.com

"Nur-sultan". Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.

startupgenome.com

Kousa, Sofia (15 August 2019). "Nur-Sultan's Startup Ecosystem's Many Opportunities". Startup Genome. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.

stat.gov.kz

"Astana city - Statistics of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan - Agency for Strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bureau of National statistics".
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
DOSM. "Department of Statistics Kazakhstan". stat.gov.kz. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
"Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2020 года". Stat.kz. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
"2021 жылғы Қазақстан Республикасы халқының ұлттық санағының қорытындылары" [Results of the 2021 national census of the Republic of Kazakhstan]. Archived from the original on 2 September 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.

tass.com

"Kazakhstan's president signs decree to rename capital city to Astana". TASS. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

tengrinews.kz

en.tengrinews.kz

"Astana celebrates 16th anniversary as Kazakhstan's capital". Tengrinews.kz. 9 July 2014. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
"No People's IPO for Air Astana in near future: Samruk Kazyna". Tengrinews.kz. 31 July 2014. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
"Kazakh-Spanish trains to become more comfortable". Tengrinews.kz. 28 January 2015. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
"Astana will construct new railroad station for EXPO-2017". Tengrinews.kz. 17 January 2013. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.

tengrinews.kz

"Tokayev opened The martial palace". tengrinews.kz. 6 July 2019. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

theguardian.com

Moore, Rowan (7 August 2010). "Astana, Kazakhstan: the space station in the steppes". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
Moore, Rowan (8 August 2010). "Astana, the futuristic frontier of architecture". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
agencies, Staff and (14 September 2022). "Kazakhstan to change name of capital from Nur-Sultan back to Astana". the Guardian.

thejakartapost.com

Hari, Kurniawan (7 July 2017). "Astana, a city of modern structures". Jakarta Times. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.

themongolist.com

Brian White (9 January 2013). "Ulaanbaatar is the Coldest Capital". The Mongolist. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

themoscowtimes.com

Ian MacWilliam (20 April 1994). "In Virgin Lands, a Dream Ends". The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.

thestar.com

"President: Kazakhstan's capital will again be called Astana". thestar.com. 13 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.

timesca.com

"Five projects to be launched in Astana industrial park this year". The Times of Central Asia. 5 February 2015. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.

total.kz

ФК "Байтерек" – новый клуб из столицы [FC Bayterek – the new club from the capital] (in Russian). Total.kz. 30 March 2012. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.

twirpx.com

Pospelov 1993, pp. 24–25. Pospelov, Evgeni M. (1993). Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь [City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary]. Русские словари.

uci.ch

"UCI WorldTeams". Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Archived from the original on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2015.

uitp.org

Yusup Khassiev (17 October 2012). "Astana: an advancing city in the modern age". International Association of Public Transport. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.

ulaanbaatar.mn

""Улаанбаатар олон улсын өдөрлөг-2019" арга хэмжээ эхэллээ". ulaanbaatar.mn (in Mongolian). Ulaanbaatar. 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.

undp.kz

"Poverty in Kazakhstan: Causes and Cures" (PDF). UNDP Kazakhstan. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

unesco.org

en.unesco.org

"Vth Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions". UNESCO. 27 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.

web.archive.org

"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Жулмухаметова, Жадра (31 October 2017). "Чиновники работают над тем, чтобы уместить в Астане два миллиона человек" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
DOSM. "Department of Statistics Kazakhstan". stat.gov.kz. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
"Postal Code for Astana, Kazakhstan". Postal Codes Database. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
"Kazakhstan Country Codes". CountryCallingCodes.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
"ISO Subentity Codes for Kazakhstan". GeoNames.org. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
"Astana". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
"Astana" Archived 13 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine (US) and "Astana". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020.
Hari, Kurniawan (7 July 2017). "Astana, a city of modern structures". Jakarta Times. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
Moore, Rowan (7 August 2010). "Astana, Kazakhstan: the space station in the steppes". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
Dauletkyzy, Adelya (16 June 2021). "Kazakhstan Selects Top 10 Tourist Destinations". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
Myers, Steven Lee (13 October 2006). "Kazakhstan's Futuristic Capital, Complete With Pyramid". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Moore, Rowan (8 August 2010). "Astana, the futuristic frontier of architecture". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Carrington, Daisy (13 July 2012). "Astana: The world's weirdest capital city". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"The history of Astana". Akimat of Astana. 19 January 2013. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"Nursultan, not Astana – Kazakhstan renames capital to honor Nazarbayev". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
"Revolt of 1837—1849 under the leadership of khan Kenesary". e-history.kz. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
"History of Astana". e-history.kz. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
S. Kurmanova. "Deportation of Volga Germans to Kazakhstan: Causes and Consequences" (PDF). e-history.kz. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Ian MacWilliam (20 April 1994). "In Virgin Lands, a Dream Ends". The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
"Astana – the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan". e-history.kz. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
"Timeline: Kazakhstan". BBC News. 31 January 2012. Archived from the original on 19 May 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
"Astana – the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan". Official site of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Archived from the original on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
"Nur-sultan". Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
Brian White (9 January 2013). "Ulaanbaatar is the Coldest Capital". The Mongolist. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
"Still the third-coldest capital, despite balmy temperatures". Canada.com. 4 January 2007. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
"Weather and Climate-The Climate of Astana" (in Russian). Weather and Climate. Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
"Население Астаны". www.demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
Lillis, Joanna (20 March 2019). "Dark Shadows: Inside the Secret World of Kazakhstan". Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
"Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2020 года". Stat.kz. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
"Astana". Angelfire.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
"Kazakhstan's Capital Holds a Lavish Anniversary Celebration". EurasiaNet.org. 9 July 2007. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
"2021 жылғы Қазақстан Республикасы халқының ұлттық санағының қорытындылары" [Results of the 2021 national census of the Republic of Kazakhstan]. Archived from the original on 2 September 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
"Religion in Astana - Astana". www.astana-hotels.net. Archived from the original on 1 January 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
"Kazakhstan: Staff Concluding Statement of the 2018 Article IV Mission". IMF. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
"Astana celebrates 16th anniversary as Kazakhstan's capital". Tengrinews.kz. 9 July 2014. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
"Poverty in Kazakhstan: Causes and Cures" (PDF). UNDP Kazakhstan. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
"Five projects to be launched in Astana industrial park this year". The Times of Central Asia. 5 February 2015. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
"Over 170 thousand of people involved in small and medium enterprise in Astana". Akimat of Astana. 14 March 2014. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
"Number of small and medium-sized business entities grew by 13.7% in Astana". inform.kz. 14 July 2015. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
"The Smart21 Communities of the Year". www.intelligentcommunity.org. Archived from the original on 5 January 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
April 2019, Dilshat Zhussupova in Nur-Sultan on 26 (26 April 2019). "Nur-Sultan launches effort to attract another year of record foreign direct investment, says city administration". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
"Nur-Sultan, Almaty among 10 most popular tourist cities in CIS". astanatimes.com. 16 October 2019. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
"Kazakhstan's New Capital Is Growing Up Quick". Forbes. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
"Twelfth Ministerial Conference to take place in Geneva in late 2021". www.wto.org. World Trade Organization. 1 March 2021. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
"Vth Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions". UNESCO. 27 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
Достижения [Achievements] (in Russian). Astana F.C. Archived from the original on 17 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
ФК "Байтерек" – новый клуб из столицы [FC Bayterek – the new club from the capital] (in Russian). Total.kz. 30 March 2012. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
"Barys Astana". Kontinental Hockey League. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
"Snezhnye Barsy". Junior Hockey League. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
Paul Bartlett (8 August 2010). "Ice Comes Early for Astana Hockey Fans". Eurasianet.org. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
"UCI WorldTeams". Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Archived from the original on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
"History". BC Astana. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
"Preview: 2011 UCI Track World Cup round 1". BritishCycling.org.uk. 27 October 2011. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
Ilyas Omarov (4 July 2013). "Astana Presidential Sports Club Launched". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
Paul Osborne (9 April 2014). "Astana Presidential Sports Club outlines vision to boost Kazakhstan's image". insidethegames.biz. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
Dmitry Lee (3 March 2015). "Alau Ice Palace Hosts World Sprint Skating Championship, Kazakh Skaters Fail to Reach Podium". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
Nazymgul Kumyspaeva. "International President's Cup tennis tournament kicked off in Astana". KazPravda.kz. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
"Tokayev opened The martial palace". tengrinews.kz. 6 July 2019. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
"The number of university students in Astana increased by more than 10%". Akimat of Astana. 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
В новом учебном году в ЕНУ им. Л.Н. Гумилева будут обучаться 16 558 человек [16 558 students will study in the new academic year at the L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University] (in Russian). Info-Tses. 31 August 2014. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
История и ЕНУ сегодня [History and ENU today] (in Russian). L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
"History of the university". S.Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
"History & Strategy". Nazarbayev University. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
"Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade (KazUEFIT)". EURASHE.eu. 20 January 2015. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
"History of KAZGUU". Kazakh Humanities and Law Institute. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
"About the University". Astana Medical University. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
"About us". Kazakh National University of Arts. Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
"5 new schools open doors in Astana today". Kazinform. 1 September 2014. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
"13,000 to start school this year in Astana". Kazinform. 4 August 2014. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
"General information about school". Miras International School. Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
"About Us". Archived from the original on 27 April 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
"Intellectual schools". Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools. Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
"QSI International School of Astana". Quality Schools International (QSI). Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
Ainur Kuramyssova (17 December 2014). "36 Buses Added to Astana's Most Popular Routes". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
"Astana Public Transportation". world66.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
Yusup Khassiev (17 October 2012). "Astana: an advancing city in the modern age". International Association of Public Transport. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
Международный аэропорт Астаны [Astana International Airport] (in Russian). Aeroport.kz. Archived from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
"Passenger traffic". Astana International Airport. Archived from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
"General information". Astana International Airport. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
"No People's IPO for Air Astana in near future: Samruk Kazyna". Tengrinews.kz. 31 July 2014. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
"Passenger traffic in Astana airport to increase to 5 million passengers a year by 2017". Akimat of Astana. 26 February 2013. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
"New Passenger Terminal will be created after the Capitals Airport Reconstruction". Akimat of Astana. 6 November 2014. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
""Astana" station". Kazakhstan Temir Zholy. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
"Kazakh-Spanish trains to become more comfortable". Tengrinews.kz. 28 January 2015. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
"Astana will construct new railroad station for EXPO-2017". Tengrinews.kz. 17 January 2013. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
"Future energy – solutions for tackling mankind's greatest challenge". BIE. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
"Expo2017: Future Energy and Impact on our Lives". Astana Economic Forum. Archived from the original on 23 July 2014.
"Vision". expo2017astana.com. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016.
"APCO Worldwide to Drive Energy Innovation Future as Chief Organizing Partner for USA Pavilion at Expo 2017". Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
"Международный авторитет Астаны повышают города-побратимы". inform.kz (in Russian). KazInform. 6 July 2016. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
"State visit of President of Turkmenistan to the Republic of Kazakhstan". mfa.gov.tm. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan. 18 April 2017. Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
"About Manila: Sister Cities". City of Manila. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
""Улаанбаатар олон улсын өдөрлөг-2019" арга хэмжээ эхэллээ". ulaanbaatar.mn (in Mongolian). Ulaanbaatar. 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
Satubaldina, Assel (29 June 2017). "Astana moving closer to becoming smart city". The Astana Times. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
Kousa, Sofia (15 August 2019). "Nur-Sultan's Startup Ecosystem's Many Opportunities". Startup Genome. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.

wikimedia.org

upload.wikimedia.org

/əˈstɑːnə/, also US: /æˈ-, ɑːstɑːˈnɑː/, UK: /æˈstænə/;^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14] Kazakh: Астана Kazakh pronunciation: [ɑstɑnɑ] ^ⓘ; Russian: Астана Russian pronunciation: [ɐstɐˈna]

commons.wikimedia.org

Updated Central, South, Southeast, and Eastern Asian and Siberian Map of the Köppen climate classification system.

world66.com

"Astana Public Transportation". world66.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.

wto.org

"Twelfth Ministerial Conference to take place in Geneva in late 2021". www.wto.org. World Trade Organization. 1 March 2021. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2022.