Oromo people (English Wikipedia)

"Ethiopia", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 14 December 2022, retrieved 24 December 2022
"Ethiopia". 16 October 2023.
"The world factbook". cia.gov. 19 October 2021.

cjfe.org

"CJFE award nominee". Archived from the original on 25 September 2010.

csa.gov.et

"Census 2007" Archived February 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Central Statistical Agency, Ethiopia. "Table 2.2 Percentage Distribution of Major Ethnic Groups: 2007" (PDF). Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. United Nations Population Fund. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
Census (PDF), Ethiopia, 2007, archived from the original (PDF) on 10 February 2016

dailystar.com.lb

"At least 23 die in weekend of Ethiopia ethnic violence". The Daily Star. 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2019.

doi.org

Sarah Tishkoff; et al. (2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" (PDF). Science. 324 (5930): 1035–44. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1035T. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. PMC 2947357. PMID 19407144. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
Lewis, Herbert S. (1966). "The Origins of the Galla and Somali". The Journal of African History. 7 (1). Cambridge University Press: 27–46. doi:10.1017/s0021853700006058. ISSN 0021-8537. S2CID 163027084.
Aguilar, Mario (1996). "The Eagle as Messenger, Pilgrim and Voice: Divinatory Processes among the Waso Boorana of Kenya". Journal of Religion in Africa. 26 (1). Journal of Religion in Africa, Vol. 26, Fasc. 1 (Feb. 1996), pp. 56–72: 56–72. doi:10.1163/157006696X00352. JSTOR 1581894.
Hayward, R. J.; Hassan, Mohammed (1981). "The Oromo Orthography of Shaykh Bakri Saṗalō". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 44 (3): 550–566. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00144209. S2CID 162289324.
Doyle, Laurance R. (1986). "The Borana Calendar Reinterpreted". Current Anthropology. 27 (3): 286–287. doi:10.1086/203439. S2CID 144426218.
Quirin, James (1979). "The Process of Caste Formation in Ethiopia: A Study of the Beta Israel (Felasha), 1270–1868". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 12 (2). Boston University African Studies Center: 235–258. doi:10.2307/218834. JSTOR 218834.
Haji, Abbas (10 April 1997). "Pouvoir de bénir et de maudire : cosmologie et organisation sociale des Oromo-Arsi". Cahiers d'Études africaines. 37 (146): 289–318. doi:10.3406/cea.1997.3515 – via www.persee.fr.
Gebeye, Berihun Adugna (17 March 2023). "The Four Faces of Ethiopian Federalism". Gebeye, Berihun Adugna, the Four Faces of Ethiopian Federalism (March 17, 2023). Faculty of Laws University College London Law Research Paper No. 04/2023. doi:10.2139/ssrn.4392205. S2CID 258121001. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

economist.com

"Unrest in Ethiopia: Grumbling and rumbling: Months of protests are rattling a fragile federation". The Economist. 26 March 2016. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.

eprints.org

ihi.eprints.org

Sarah Tishkoff; et al. (2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" (PDF). Science. 324 (5930): 1035–44. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1035T. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. PMC 2947357. PMID 19407144. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.

ethioguardian.com

"Govt. continues rejecting license for Jimma Times Afaan Oromoo newspaper". Ethioguardian.com. 9 May 2008. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2013.

ethiopia-insight.com

Moges, Zola (24 August 2022). "Oromo nationalism should cross the river of resentment". Ethiopia Insight. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

ethiopia.gov.et

"Oromia Regional State". Ethiopia Government Portal. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2019.

ethiopiaobserver.com

Observer, Ethiopia (2 March 2018). "Awash bank in lawsuit over unpaid bills". Ethiopia Observer. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

ethnologue.com

"Oromo, West Central". Ethnologue. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
"Oromo, Borana-Arsi-Guji". ethnologue.com). Archived from the original on 16 January 2009.
Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. "Ethnologue Ethiopia". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. SIL International. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. "Ethnologue myf". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. SIL International. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. "Ethnologe kmq". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. SIL International. Retrieved 14 July 2021.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Sarah Tishkoff; et al. (2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" (PDF). Science. 324 (5930): 1035–44. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1035T. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. PMC 2947357. PMID 19407144. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.

hrw.org

"ETHIOPIA LESSONS IN REPRESSION: VIOLATIONS OF ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN ETHIOPIA" (PDF). p. 26.
"Raya Oromos inside the Weyane revolt of Tigray" (PDF). Retrieved 10 August 2013.
"Security Force Response to the 2016 Irreecha Cultural Festival". hrw.org. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2019.

iimn.org

Ethiopians: Amhara and Oromo, January 2017

indiana.edu

nalrc.indiana.edu

Language & Culture (PDF)

irinnews.org

"Ethnic violence displaces hundreds of thousands of Ethiopians". irinnews.com. 8 November 2017.

jimmatimes.com

"OFDM Press Release: The Massacre of May, 2008". Jimmatimes.com. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2013.

jstor.org

Aguilar, Mario (1996). "The Eagle as Messenger, Pilgrim and Voice: Divinatory Processes among the Waso Boorana of Kenya". Journal of Religion in Africa. 26 (1). Journal of Religion in Africa, Vol. 26, Fasc. 1 (Feb. 1996), pp. 56–72: 56–72. doi:10.1163/157006696X00352. JSTOR 1581894.
Abbink, J. (1985). "Review: Oromo Religion. Myths and Rites of the Western Oromo of Ethiopia by Lambert Bartels". Anthropos. 80 (1–3): 285–287. JSTOR 40460901.
Quirin, James (1979). "The Process of Caste Formation in Ethiopia: A Study of the Beta Israel (Felasha), 1270–1868". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 12 (2). Boston University African Studies Center: 235–258. doi:10.2307/218834. JSTOR 218834.

kb.se

urn.kb.se

Paul Trevor William Baxter, Jan Hultin, Alessandro Triulzi. "Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries'. Nordic Africa Institute (1996) pp. 123–124
Alessandro Triulzi [in Italian] (1996). Paul Trevor William Baxter, Jan Hultin and Alessandro Triulzi. (ed.). Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries. Nordic Africa Institute. pp. 251–256. ISBN 978-91-7106-379-3.
Mekuria Bulcha, Jan Hultin (1996). Paul Trevor William Baxter, Jan Hultin and Alessandro Triulzi. (ed.). Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries. Nordic Africa Institute. pp. 55–56, 55–56, 85–90. ISBN 978-91-7106-379-3.
Gemetchu Megerssa (1996). Paul Trevor William Baxter; et al. (eds.). Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries. Nordic Africa Institute. pp. 92–96. ISBN 978-91-7106-379-3.

knbs.or.ke

"2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics". Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2024. 276,236 Borana, 141,200 Gabra, 92,086 Orma, 27,006 Sakuyye and 20,103 Waata

loc.gov

lcweb2.loc.gov

"Migrations profoundly affected the Oromo unity". Lcweb2.loc.gov. Archived from the original on 18 March 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2013.

mcit.gov.et

"Home". Ministry of Innovation and Technology. Archived from the original on 19 November 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2021.

merriam-webster.com

"Oromo Archived 30 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine" in the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Oromo Archived 30 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Merriam-Webster (2014). Quote: "Origin and Etymology of Oromo, (western dialect) oromoo, a self-designation, First known use: 1893."

moh.gov.et

"ቤት | FMOH". www.moh.gov.et. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.

nazret.com

"Ethiopia's "government" attacks Macha-Tulama, Jimma Times media & Oromo opposition party". Nazret.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2008. Retrieved 10 August 2013.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sarah Tishkoff; et al. (2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" (PDF). Science. 324 (5930): 1035–44. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1035T. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. PMC 2947357. PMID 19407144. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sarah Tishkoff; et al. (2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" (PDF). Science. 324 (5930): 1035–44. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1035T. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. PMC 2947357. PMID 19407144. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.

nytimes.com

Ahmed, Hadra; Goldstein, Joseph (24 September 2018). "Thousands Are Arrested in Ethiopia After Ethnic Violence". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
Mamdani, Mahmood (3 January 2019). "The Trouble With Ethiopia's Ethnic Federalism". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

ohchr.org

lib.ohchr.org

"Human rights abuses under EPRDF" (PDF). Lib.ohchr.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.

opride.com

"Let Us Talk About Food: Oromo vs. Ethiopian". 7 June 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2009.
"All that glitters is not gold: Can Ethiopia's new PM deliver?". opride.com.

oromiaculinarycenter.com

TYPES OF OROMO FOODS / RECIPES, 2024, retrieved 9 June 2024

persee.fr

Haji, Abbas (10 April 1997). "Pouvoir de bénir et de maudire : cosmologie et organisation sociale des Oromo-Arsi". Cahiers d'Études africaines. 37 (146): 289–318. doi:10.3406/cea.1997.3515 – via www.persee.fr.

rap21.org

"Ethiopia's Largest Ethnicity Group Deprived of Linguistic and Cultural Sensitive Media Outlets". Rap21.org. Archived from the original on 4 May 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2013.

refworld.org

"Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Somalia".
"Ethiopia and the Oromo People: Is it possible to determine whether an Ethiopian is an ethnic Oromo by the individual's last name? What religion or religions are practiced by ethnic Oromos in Ethiopia". UNHCR Refworld. United States Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services. 28 April 1998.

reliefweb.int

"Ethiopia tops global list of highest internal displacement in 2018". Relief Web. Retrieved 7 April 2019.

researchgate.net

Galla, Candace (2012). "Sustaining generations of Indigenous voices: Reclaiming language and integrating multimedia technology". {World Indigenous Nations Higher Education Consortium Journal: 46–48.

revues.org

cea.revues.org

Gikes, Patrick (2002). "Wars in the Horn of Africa and the dismantling of the Somali State". African Studies. 2. University of Lisbon: 89–102. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Lewis, Herbert S. (1966). "The Origins of the Galla and Somali". The Journal of African History. 7 (1). Cambridge University Press: 27–46. doi:10.1017/s0021853700006058. ISSN 0021-8537. S2CID 163027084.
Hayward, R. J.; Hassan, Mohammed (1981). "The Oromo Orthography of Shaykh Bakri Saṗalō". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 44 (3): 550–566. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00144209. S2CID 162289324.
Doyle, Laurance R. (1986). "The Borana Calendar Reinterpreted". Current Anthropology. 27 (3): 286–287. doi:10.1086/203439. S2CID 144426218.
Gebeye, Berihun Adugna (17 March 2023). "The Four Faces of Ethiopian Federalism". Gebeye, Berihun Adugna, the Four Faces of Ethiopian Federalism (March 17, 2023). Faculty of Laws University College London Law Research Paper No. 04/2023. doi:10.2139/ssrn.4392205. S2CID 258121001. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

sewasew.com

en.sewasew.com

Ethiopia, E. (2021, August 16). Rochet d’Héricourt, Charles-Xavier. Sewasew. https://en.sewasew.com/p/rochet-d-he-ricourt-charles-xavier#:~:text=10%20May%201801%2C%20H%C3%A9ricourt%2C%20d,1829%20to%201839%20in%20Egypt

ssrn.com

Gebeye, Berihun Adugna (17 March 2023). "The Four Faces of Ethiopian Federalism". Gebeye, Berihun Adugna, the Four Faces of Ethiopian Federalism (March 17, 2023). Faculty of Laws University College London Law Research Paper No. 04/2023. doi:10.2139/ssrn.4392205. S2CID 258121001. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

statcan.gc.ca

www150.statcan.gc.ca

"Census Profile, 2021 Census – Ethnic or Cultural Background – Canada – provinces & territories". 25 July 2024.

tennessee.edu

trace.tennessee.edu

Asafa Jalata (2010), Oromo Peoplehood: Historical and Cultural Overview Archived 19 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Sociology Publications and Other Works, University of Tennessee Press, page 12, see "Modes of Livelihood" section

theadvocatesforhumanrights.org

"Human Rights in Ethiopia: Through the Eyes of the Oromo Diaspora" (PDF). Theadvocatesforhumanrights.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.

theafricareport.com

The Africa Report; Sisay, Andualem (14 October 2013). "Ethiopia's Awash International Bank : Growth amid challenges – Shiferaw". The Africa Report.com. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

theguardian.com

Davey, Melissa (13 February 2016), "Oromo children's books keep once-banned Ethiopian language alive", The Guardian, retrieved 14 February 2016

thenewhumanitarian.org

Harter, Fred (12 January 2023). "Ethiopia's Oromia conflict: 'People are dying on a daily basis'". The New Humanitarian. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

translatorswithoutborders.org

Language data for Ethiopia, n.d.

unesco.org

ich.unesco.org

"Gada system, an indigenous democratic socio-political system of the Oromo – intangible heritage – Culture Sector – UNESCO". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
"Gada system, an indigenous democratic socio-political system of the Oromo". unesco.org.

unpo.org

"UNPO: Oromo: Farmer from Ethiopia Mmay be the Oldest Living Person in the World".

uva.nl

dare.uva.nl

W.A. Degu, "Chapter 7 Political Development in the Pre-colonial Horn of Africa" Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, "The State, the Crisis of State Institutions in the Horn of Africa: The Cases of Ethiopia, Sudan and Somalia", Thela Thesis (Amsterdam, 2002), page 142

uwc.ac.za

etd.uwc.ac.za

https://etd.uwc.ac.za/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11394/7290/melaku_phd_arts_2019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page107 ^{[bare URL PDF]}

washingtonpost.com

"Investors shy away from Ethiopia in the wake of violent protests – The Washington Post". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 16 October 2019.

web.archive.org

"Census 2007" Archived February 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
"2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics". Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2024. 276,236 Borana, 141,200 Gabra, 92,086 Orma, 27,006 Sakuyye and 20,103 Waata
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2021, Census of Population and Housing: Cultural diversity data summary, 2021, 28 June 2022, Archived 10 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine
Sarah Tishkoff; et al. (2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" (PDF). Science. 324 (5930): 1035–44. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1035T. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. PMC 2947357. PMID 19407144. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
Central Statistical Agency, Ethiopia. "Table 2.2 Percentage Distribution of Major Ethnic Groups: 2007" (PDF). Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. United Nations Population Fund. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
"Oromo Archived 30 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine" in the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Oromo Archived 30 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Merriam-Webster (2014). Quote: "Origin and Etymology of Oromo, (western dialect) oromoo, a self-designation, First known use: 1893."
W.A. Degu, "Chapter 7 Political Development in the Pre-colonial Horn of Africa" Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, "The State, the Crisis of State Institutions in the Horn of Africa: The Cases of Ethiopia, Sudan and Somalia", Thela Thesis (Amsterdam, 2002), page 142
"Oromia Regional State". Ethiopia Government Portal. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
Oromo people Archived 18 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopædia Britannica
"Oromo, Borana-Arsi-Guji". ethnologue.com). Archived from the original on 16 January 2009.
Shaban, Abdurahman. "One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages". Africa News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Home". Ministry of Innovation and Technology. Archived from the original on 19 November 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"ቤት | FMOH". www.moh.gov.et. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
Census (PDF), Ethiopia, 2007, archived from the original (PDF) on 10 February 2016
"Chapter 7: The Gadaa Council (Adula)". addis herald. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
Asafa Jalata (2010), Oromo Peoplehood: Historical and Cultural Overview Archived 19 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Sociology Publications and Other Works, University of Tennessee Press, page 12, see "Modes of Livelihood" section
"Human Rights in Ethiopia: Through the Eyes of the Oromo Diaspora" (PDF). Theadvocatesforhumanrights.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
"Human rights abuses under EPRDF" (PDF). Lib.ohchr.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
"Ethiopian forces 'kill 140 Oromo protesters'". 8 January 2015. Archived from the original on 8 January 2016.
"Unrest in Ethiopia: Grumbling and rumbling: Months of protests are rattling a fragile federation". The Economist. 26 March 2016. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
"At least 23 die in weekend of Ethiopia ethnic violence". The Daily Star. 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
"Migrations profoundly affected the Oromo unity". Lcweb2.loc.gov. Archived from the original on 18 March 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
"Govt. continues rejecting license for Jimma Times Afaan Oromoo newspaper". Ethioguardian.com. 9 May 2008. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
"Ethiopia's "government" attacks Macha-Tulama, Jimma Times media & Oromo opposition party". Nazret.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2008. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
"CJFE award nominee". Archived from the original on 25 September 2010.
"Ethiopia's Largest Ethnicity Group Deprived of Linguistic and Cultural Sensitive Media Outlets". Rap21.org. Archived from the original on 4 May 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
"OFDM Press Release: The Massacre of May, 2008". Jimmatimes.com. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
"Ethiopia: 'Because I am Oromo': Sweeping repression in the Oromia region of Ethiopia". Amnesty.org. 28 October 2014. Archived from the original on 2 January 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2017.

wikipedia.org

it.wikipedia.org

Alessandro Triulzi [in Italian] (1996). Paul Trevor William Baxter, Jan Hultin and Alessandro Triulzi. (ed.). Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries. Nordic Africa Institute. pp. 251–256. ISBN 978-91-7106-379-3.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

"Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gallas" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 413.

wikiwix.com

archive.wikiwix.com

Gikes, Patrick (2002). "Wars in the Horn of Africa and the dismantling of the Somali State". African Studies. 2. University of Lisbon: 89–102. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Mohammed, Hassen (19 May 2017). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia, 1300-1700. Boydell & Brewer, Limited. ISBN 978-1-84701-161-9. OCLC 962017017.
Lewis, Herbert S. (1966). "The Origins of the Galla and Somali". The Journal of African History. 7 (1). Cambridge University Press: 27–46. doi:10.1017/s0021853700006058. ISSN 0021-8537. S2CID 163027084.
CF Beckingham and George Huntingford (1967). Some records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646, being extracts from the history of High Ethiopia or Abassia (Series: Oromo Peuple d'Afrique). Kraus Nendeln, Liechtenstein. pp. 1–7. OCLC 195934.
Cerulli, Ernesta (1922). The Folk-Literature of the Oromo of Southern Abyssinia. Harvard African studies. Vol. 3. Istituto Orientale di Napoli, Harvard University Press. pp. 341–355. OCLC 42447447.

worldcat.org

Mohammed, Hassen (19 May 2017). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia, 1300-1700. Boydell & Brewer, Limited. ISBN 978-1-84701-161-9. OCLC 962017017.