PH (English Wikipedia)

Jensen, William B. (January 2004). "The Symbol for pH". Journal of Chemical Education. 81 (1): 21. Bibcode:2004JChEd..81...21J. doi:10.1021/ed081p21.
Francl, Michelle (August 2010). "Urban legends of chemistry". Nature Chemistry. 2 (8): 600–601. Bibcode:2010NatCh...2..600F. doi:10.1038/nchem.750. PMID 20651711.
Lim, Kieran F. (2006). "Negative pH Does Exist". Journal of Chemical Education. 83 (10): 1465. Bibcode:2006JChEd..83.1465L. doi:10.1021/ed083p1465.
Myers, Rollie J. (2010). "One-Hundred Years of pH". Journal of Chemical Education. 87 (1): 30–32. Bibcode:2010JChEd..87...30M. doi:10.1021/ed800002c.
Himmel, Daniel; Goll, Sascha K.; Leito, Ivo; Krossing, Ingo (10 September 2010). "A Unified pH Scale for All Phases". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 49 (38): 6885–6888. Bibcode:2010ACIE...49.6885H. doi:10.1002/anie.201000252. PMID 20715223.
Feldman, Isaac (1956). "Use and Abuse of pH measurements". Analytical Chemistry. 28 (12): 1859–1866. Bibcode:1956AnaCh..28.1859F. doi:10.1021/ac60120a014.
Nordstrom, D. Kirk; Alpers, Charles N. (March 1999). "Negative pH, efflorescent mineralogy, and consequences for environmental restoration at the Iron Mountain Superfund site, California". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (7): 3455–62. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.3455N. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3455. PMC 34288. PMID 10097057. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
Ballabio, Cristiano; Lugato, Emanuele; Fernández-Ugalde, Oihane; Orgiazzi, Alberto; Jones, Arwyn; Borrelli, Pasquale; Montanarella, Luca; Panagos, Panos (2019). "Mapping LUCAS topsoil chemical properties at European scale using Gaussian process regression". Geoderma. 355 113912. Bibcode:2019Geode.35513912B. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.113912. PMC 6743211. PMID 31798185.
Terhaar, Jens; Frölicher, Thomas L.; Joos, Fortunat (2023). "Ocean acidification in emission-driven temperature stabilization scenarios: the role of TCRE and non-CO₂ greenhouse gases". Environmental Research Letters. 18 (2): 024033. Bibcode:2023ERL....18b4033T. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acaf91. hdl:1912/66907.
Hansson, I. (1973). "A new set of pH-scales and standard buffers for seawater". Deep-Sea Research. 20 (5): 479–491. Bibcode:1973DSRA...20..479H. doi:10.1016/0011-7471(73)90101-0.
Dickson, A. G. (1984). "pH scales and proton-transfer reactions in saline media such as sea water". Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 48 (11): 2299–2308. Bibcode:1984GeCoA..48.2299D. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(84)90225-4.

arstechnica.com (Global: 473^rd place; English: 338^th place)

Berwyn, Bob (25 April 2025). "A grim signal: Atmospheric CO₂ soared in 2024". Ars Technica. Retrieved 27 April 2025.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Tetrault, Sharon (June 2002). "The Beckmans". Orange Coast. Orange Coast Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
Boron, Walter F.; Boulpaep, Emile L. (13 January 2012). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach (2nd ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences, Saunders. pp. 652–671. ISBN 9781455711819. OCLC 1017876653. Archived from the original on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
Marieb, Elaine N.; Mitchell, Susan J. (30 June 2011). Human anatomy & physiology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 9780321735287. Archived from the original on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022.

caltech.edu (Global: 240^th place; English: 473^rd place)

eands.caltech.edu

"Origins: Birth of the pH Meter". Caltech Engineering & Science Magazine. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.

carlsberggroup.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Carlsberg Group Company History Page". Carlsberggroup.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2013.

core.ac.uk (Global: 1,383^rd place; English: 954^th place)

Sørensen, S. P. L. (1909). "Über die Messung und die Bedeutung der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration bei enzymatischen Prozessen" (PDF). Biochemische Zeitschrift. 21: 131–304. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021. Original German: Für die Zahl p schlage ich den Namen Wasserstoffionenexponent und die Schreibweise p_H• vor. Unter dem Wasserstoffionexponenten (p_H•) einer Lösung wird dann der Briggsche Logarithmus des reziproken Wertes des auf Wasserstoffionen bezogenen Normalitätsfaktors der Lösung verstanden. Two other publications appeared in 1909, one in French and one in Danish.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Jensen, William B. (January 2004). "The Symbol for pH". Journal of Chemical Education. 81 (1): 21. Bibcode:2004JChEd..81...21J. doi:10.1021/ed081p21.
Francl, Michelle (August 2010). "Urban legends of chemistry". Nature Chemistry. 2 (8): 600–601. Bibcode:2010NatCh...2..600F. doi:10.1038/nchem.750. PMID 20651711.
Lim, Kieran F. (2006). "Negative pH Does Exist". Journal of Chemical Education. 83 (10): 1465. Bibcode:2006JChEd..83.1465L. doi:10.1021/ed083p1465.
Covington, A. K.; Bates, R. G.; Durst, R. A. (1985). "Definition of pH scales, standard reference values, measurement of pH and related terminology (Recommendations 1984)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 57 (3): 531–542. doi:10.1351/pac198557030531.
Myers, Rollie J. (2010). "One-Hundred Years of pH". Journal of Chemical Education. 87 (1): 30–32. Bibcode:2010JChEd..87...30M. doi:10.1021/ed800002c.
Otterson, David W. (2015). "Tech Talk: (11) pH Measurement and Control Basics". Measurement and Control. 48 (10): 309–312. doi:10.1177/0020294015600474.
Lian, Ying; Zhang, Wei; Ding, Longjiang; Zhang, Xiaoai; Zhang, Yinglu; Wang, Xu-Dong (2019). "Nanomaterials for Intracellular pH Sensing and Imaging". Novel Nanomaterials for Biomedical, Environmental and Energy Applications. pp. 241–273. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-814497-8.00008-4. ISBN 978-0-12-814497-8.
Nørby, Jens (2000). "The origin and the meaning of the little p in pH". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 25 (1): 36–37. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01517-0. PMID 10637613.
Gold, Victor, ed. (2019). The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology: The Gold Book (4 ed.). Research Triangle Park, NC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). doi:10.1351/goldbook.p04525.
Rossotti, F.J.C.; Rossotti, H. (1965). "Potentiometric titrations solution containing the background electrolyte". J. Chem. Educ. 42. doi:10.1021/ed042p375.
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "activity (relative activity), a". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00115
Himmel, Daniel; Goll, Sascha K.; Leito, Ivo; Krossing, Ingo (10 September 2010). "A Unified pH Scale for All Phases". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 49 (38): 6885–6888. Bibcode:2010ACIE...49.6885H. doi:10.1002/anie.201000252. PMID 20715223.
Feldman, Isaac (1956). "Use and Abuse of pH measurements". Analytical Chemistry. 28 (12): 1859–1866. Bibcode:1956AnaCh..28.1859F. doi:10.1021/ac60120a014.
Nordstrom, D. Kirk; Alpers, Charles N. (March 1999). "Negative pH, efflorescent mineralogy, and consequences for environmental restoration at the Iron Mountain Superfund site, California". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (7): 3455–62. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.3455N. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3455. PMC 34288. PMID 10097057. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
Ballabio, Cristiano; Lugato, Emanuele; Fernández-Ugalde, Oihane; Orgiazzi, Alberto; Jones, Arwyn; Borrelli, Pasquale; Montanarella, Luca; Panagos, Panos (2019). "Mapping LUCAS topsoil chemical properties at European scale using Gaussian process regression". Geoderma. 355 113912. Bibcode:2019Geode.35513912B. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.113912. PMC 6743211. PMID 31798185.
Terhaar, Jens; Frölicher, Thomas L.; Joos, Fortunat (2023). "Ocean acidification in emission-driven temperature stabilization scenarios: the role of TCRE and non-CO₂ greenhouse gases". Environmental Research Letters. 18 (2): 024033. Bibcode:2023ERL....18b4033T. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acaf91. hdl:1912/66907.
Hansson, I. (1973). "A new set of pH-scales and standard buffers for seawater". Deep-Sea Research. 20 (5): 479–491. Bibcode:1973DSRA...20..479H. doi:10.1016/0011-7471(73)90101-0.
Dickson, A. G. (1984). "pH scales and proton-transfer reactions in saline media such as sea water". Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 48 (11): 2299–2308. Bibcode:1984GeCoA..48.2299D. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(84)90225-4.
Bello, Andrez; Palacios, Baretto (2013). "Effect of pH on Color and Texture of Food Products". Food Eng Rev. 5 (3): 158–170. doi:10.1007/s12393-013-9067-2. hdl:10251/57961.
Akdas, Zelal; Bakkalbasi, Emre (2017). "Influence of different cooking methods on color, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of kale". International Journal of Food Properties. 20 (4): 877–887. doi:10.1080/10942912.2016.1188308.
Rauh, Valentin; Xiao, Yinghua (2022). "The shelf life of heat-treated dairy products". International Dairy Journal. 125 105235. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105235.
Lambers, H.; Piessens, S.; Bloem, A.; Pronk, H.; Finkel, P. (October 2006). "Natural skin surface pH is on average below 5, which is beneficial for its resident flora". International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 28 (5): 359–370. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00344.x. PMID 18489300.
Morriss Jr, F. H.; Brewer, E. D.; Spedale, S. B.; Riddle, L.; Temple, D. M.; Caprioli, R. M.; West, M. S. (1986). "Relationship of human milk pH during course of lactation to concentrations of citrate and fatty acids". Pediatrics. 78 (3): 458–464. doi:10.1542/peds.78.3.458. PMID 3748680.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Terhaar, Jens; Frölicher, Thomas L.; Joos, Fortunat (2023). "Ocean acidification in emission-driven temperature stabilization scenarios: the role of TCRE and non-CO₂ greenhouse gases". Environmental Research Letters. 18 (2): 024033. Bibcode:2023ERL....18b4033T. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acaf91. hdl:1912/66907.
Bello, Andrez; Palacios, Baretto (2013). "Effect of pH on Color and Texture of Food Products". Food Eng Rev. 5 (3): 158–170. doi:10.1007/s12393-013-9067-2. hdl:10251/57961.

iupac.org (Global: 1,291^st place; English: 1,832^nd place)

goldbook.iupac.org

Gold, Victor, ed. (2019). The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology: The Gold Book (4 ed.). Research Triangle Park, NC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). doi:10.1351/goldbook.p04525.
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "activity (relative activity), a". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00115

old.iupac.org

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1993). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 2nd edition, Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03583-8. pp. 49–50. Electronic version.

materialstoday.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bradley, David (21 February 2018). "When it comes to caustic wit and an acid tongue, mind your Ps and Qs". Materials Today. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Francl, Michelle (August 2010). "Urban legends of chemistry". Nature Chemistry. 2 (8): 600–601. Bibcode:2010NatCh...2..600F. doi:10.1038/nchem.750. PMID 20651711.
Nørby, Jens (2000). "The origin and the meaning of the little p in pH". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 25 (1): 36–37. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01517-0. PMID 10637613.
Himmel, Daniel; Goll, Sascha K.; Leito, Ivo; Krossing, Ingo (10 September 2010). "A Unified pH Scale for All Phases". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 49 (38): 6885–6888. Bibcode:2010ACIE...49.6885H. doi:10.1002/anie.201000252. PMID 20715223.
Nordstrom, D. Kirk; Alpers, Charles N. (March 1999). "Negative pH, efflorescent mineralogy, and consequences for environmental restoration at the Iron Mountain Superfund site, California". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (7): 3455–62. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.3455N. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3455. PMC 34288. PMID 10097057. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
Ballabio, Cristiano; Lugato, Emanuele; Fernández-Ugalde, Oihane; Orgiazzi, Alberto; Jones, Arwyn; Borrelli, Pasquale; Montanarella, Luca; Panagos, Panos (2019). "Mapping LUCAS topsoil chemical properties at European scale using Gaussian process regression". Geoderma. 355 113912. Bibcode:2019Geode.35513912B. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.113912. PMC 6743211. PMID 31798185.
Lambers, H.; Piessens, S.; Bloem, A.; Pronk, H.; Finkel, P. (October 2006). "Natural skin surface pH is on average below 5, which is beneficial for its resident flora". International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 28 (5): 359–370. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00344.x. PMID 18489300.
Morriss Jr, F. H.; Brewer, E. D.; Spedale, S. B.; Riddle, L.; Temple, D. M.; Caprioli, R. M.; West, M. S. (1986). "Relationship of human milk pH during course of lactation to concentrations of citrate and fatty acids". Pediatrics. 78 (3): 458–464. doi:10.1542/peds.78.3.458. PMID 3748680.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Nordstrom, D. Kirk; Alpers, Charles N. (March 1999). "Negative pH, efflorescent mineralogy, and consequences for environmental restoration at the Iron Mountain Superfund site, California". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (7): 3455–62. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.3455N. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3455. PMC 34288. PMID 10097057. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
Ballabio, Cristiano; Lugato, Emanuele; Fernández-Ugalde, Oihane; Orgiazzi, Alberto; Jones, Arwyn; Borrelli, Pasquale; Montanarella, Luca; Panagos, Panos (2019). "Mapping LUCAS topsoil chemical properties at European scale using Gaussian process regression". Geoderma. 355 113912. Bibcode:2019Geode.35513912B. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.113912. PMC 6743211. PMID 31798185.

history.nih.gov

Evans, Alice C. (1963). "Memoirs" (PDF). NIH Office of History. National Institutes of Health Office of History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2018.

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

gml.noaa.gov

"Trends in CO₂". NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory. 22 April 2025. Retrieved 22 April 2025.

okstate.edu (Global: 2,678^th place; English: 1,507^th place)

extension.okstate.edu

McGlynn, William (1 July 2016). "The Importance of Food pH in Commercial Canning Operations". Oklahoma State University. Retrieved 20 June 2024.

samaterials.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Trento, Chin (27 December 2023). "PH Scale: Acids, Bases, and Common Materials". Stanford Advanced Materials. Retrieved 20 June 2024.

sinophibe.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Maloney, Chris. "pH calculation of a very small concentration of a strong acid". Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.

ucsfhealth.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Stomach acid test". University of California San Francisco. Retrieved 21 February 2024.

unl.edu (Global: 1,697^th place; English: 926^th place)

digitalcommons.unl.edu

Nordstrom, D. Kirk; Alpers, Charles N. (March 1999). "Negative pH, efflorescent mineralogy, and consequences for environmental restoration at the Iron Mountain Superfund site, California". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (7): 3455–62. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.3455N. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3455. PMC 34288. PMID 10097057. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

usda.gov (Global: 512^th place; English: 322^nd place)

nrcs.usda.gov

Soil Survey Division Staff. "Soil survey manual.1993. Chapter 3, selected chemical properties". Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2011.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Sørensen, S. P. L. (1909). "Über die Messung und die Bedeutung der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration bei enzymatischen Prozessen" (PDF). Biochemische Zeitschrift. 21: 131–304. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021. Original German: Für die Zahl p schlage ich den Namen Wasserstoffionenexponent und die Schreibweise p_H• vor. Unter dem Wasserstoffionexponenten (p_H•) einer Lösung wird dann der Briggsche Logarithmus des reziproken Wertes des auf Wasserstoffionen bezogenen Normalitätsfaktors der Lösung verstanden. Two other publications appeared in 1909, one in French and one in Danish.
Bradley, David (21 February 2018). "When it comes to caustic wit and an acid tongue, mind your Ps and Qs". Materials Today. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
Evans, Alice C. (1963). "Memoirs" (PDF). NIH Office of History. National Institutes of Health Office of History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
"Origins: Birth of the pH Meter". Caltech Engineering & Science Magazine. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
Tetrault, Sharon (June 2002). "The Beckmans". Orange Coast. Orange Coast Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
"Carlsberg Group Company History Page". Carlsberggroup.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
Nordstrom, D. Kirk; Alpers, Charles N. (March 1999). "Negative pH, efflorescent mineralogy, and consequences for environmental restoration at the Iron Mountain Superfund site, California". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (7): 3455–62. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.3455N. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3455. PMC 34288. PMID 10097057. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
Soil Survey Division Staff. "Soil survey manual.1993. Chapter 3, selected chemical properties". Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Boron, Walter F.; Boulpaep, Emile L. (13 January 2012). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach (2nd ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences, Saunders. pp. 652–671. ISBN 9781455711819. OCLC 1017876653. Archived from the original on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
Marieb, Elaine N.; Mitchell, Susan J. (30 June 2011). Human anatomy & physiology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 9780321735287. Archived from the original on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
Maloney, Chris. "pH calculation of a very small concentration of a strong acid". Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Boron, Walter F.; Boulpaep, Emile L. (13 January 2012). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach (2nd ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences, Saunders. pp. 652–671. ISBN 9781455711819. OCLC 1017876653. Archived from the original on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022.

xkcd.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Munroe, Randall (7 June 2024). "Unsolved math Problems". xkcd. Retrieved 10 June 2024.

PH (English Wikipedia)

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