Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Polish-Lithuanian identity" in English language version.
The Lithuanian language, like the Gaelic language of the Scots in Scotland, had only survived in the remoter rural areas, and in certain segments of the peasantry. It was not normally spoken by any significant group in the country's capital, Vilnius, whose Lithuanian population at the last Tsarist Census in 1897 reached only 2 per cent. It had no settled written form, and no literature of note.
...Adam Mickiewicz, a Polish poet who...
Polish Tatars... Polish-Lithuanian Tatars
Polish-Lithuanian Jewry
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ignored (help)Like Pilsudski, Narutowicz was a Pole of Lithuanian descent who favored equal rights for the national minorities.
Plater, Emilia, 1806-1831. Polish-Lithuanian aristocrat who...
The understanding of 'Lithuania' with which Milosz grew up was close to that of Mickiewicz and Pilsudski, both of whom came from similar backgrounds in the Polish-Lithuanian gentry.
In large numbers these Polonized Lithuanians were found in the higher echelons of Polish life - politics, the army, the professions and the arts. Pilsudski had been born a Lithuanian, and so had Gabriel Narutowicz, who was soon to become Poland's first president.
The most famous such Polish woman-partisan for contemporaries was Emilia Plater of Vilnius (Wilno) who...
In Poland Marshal Jozef Pilsudski, a Polish war hero
Czeslaw Milosz, a Polish emigre poet...
Radziwiłł family, an important Polish–Lithuanian princely family that...
Many of the lesser gentry and townspeople continued speaking Lithuanian until the 18th century during which, except in Samogitia, they gradually switched to Polish.
Miłosz would always place emphasis upon his identity as one of the last citizens of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a place of competing and overlapping identities. This stance—not Polish enough for some, not Lithuanian to others—would give rise to controversies that have not ceased with his death in either country.
Miłosz would always place emphasis upon his identity as one of the last citizens of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a place of competing and overlapping identities. This stance—not Polish enough for some, not Lithuanian to others—would give rise to controversies that have not ceased with his death in either country.