Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (English Wikipedia)

Partitions of Poland at the Encyclopædia Britannica
"Poland - Partition, Sovereignty, Revolution". Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 September 2024. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
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buffalo.edu

info-poland.buffalo.edu

The death of Sigismund II Augustus in 1572 was followed by a three-year Interregnum during which adjustments were made in the constitutional system. The lower nobility was now included in the selection process, and the power of the monarch was further circumscribed in favor of the expanded noble class. From that point, the king was effectively a partner with the noble class and constantly supervised by a group of senators.
"The Elective Monarchy". Poland – The Historical Setting. Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. 1992. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
Carl L. Bucki, The Constitution of May 3, 1791 Archived 5 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Text of a presentation made at the Polish Arts Club of Buffalo on the occasion of the celebrations of Poland's Constitution Day on 3 May 1996. Retrieved 20 March 2006.

doi.org

Łyczak, Bartłomiej (1 January 2011). "The Coffin Portrait and Celebration of Death in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Modern Period". IKON. 4: 233–242. doi:10.1484/J.IKON.5.100699.

eurojewcong.org

"European Jewish Congress – Poland". Eurojewcong.org. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 1 February 2009.

exgeo.pl

Sobiech, Marcin (2018). "Jak powstawała i co zawiera mapa Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów". Exgeo (in Polish). Marcin Sobiech. Retrieved 16 February 2021.

gulbenkian.pt

museu.gulbenkian.pt

""Polonaise" carpet". museu.gulbenkian.pt. Archived from the original on February 28, 2003. Retrieved May 18, 2009.

historia.org.pl

pisze, Przemek (3 July 2013). "Bitwa pod Byczyną. Zamoyski upokarza Habsburgów i gwarantuje tron Zygmuntowi III – HISTORIA.org.pl – historia, kultura, muzea, matura, rekonstrukcje i recenzje historyczne". Retrieved 16 November 2016.

historytoday.com

Russia's Rise as a European Power, 1650–1750 Archived 5 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Jeremy Black, History Today, Vol. 36 Issue: 8, August 1986.

ianridpath.com

Ian Ridpath. "Taurus Poniatovii – Poniatowski's bull". www.ianridpath.com. Retrieved 18 May 2009.

interaccess.com

homepage.interaccess.com

Based on 1618 population map Archived 17 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine (p. 115), 1618 languages map (p. 119), 1657–67 losses map (p. 128) and 1717 map Archived 17 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine (p. 141) from Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, Poland a Historical Atlas, Hippocrene Books, 1987, ISBN 0880293942

j-bradford-delong.net

"The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis" Archived 15 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine (discussion and full online text) of Evsey Domar (1970). Economic History Review 30:1 (March), pp. 18–32.

jewish-guide.pl

After a fire had destroyed a wooden synagogue in 1733 Stanislaw Lubomirski decided to found a new bricked synagogue building. Polin Travel. "Lancut". www.jewish-guide.pl. Retrieved 2 September 2010.

leszno.pl

muzeum.leszno.pl

"Portraits collection". muzeum.leszno.pl. Retrieved 18 May 2009.

linguee.com

"shillings – Polish translation – Linguee". Linguee.com. Retrieved 27 April 2018.

lrv.lt

vrm.lrv.lt

Gudavičius, Edvardas. "Lietuvos feodalinės visuomenės ir jos valdymo sistemos genezė: 2 dalis" (PDF). Ministry of the Interior (Lithuania) (in Lithuanian). p. 8. Retrieved 18 November 2023.

lvivtoday.com.ua

"Palaces and Castles in a Lion Country". www.lvivtoday.com.ua. 2 June 2008. Archived from the original on 25 April 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2009.

moravian.org

Paul Peucker. "Jan Amos Comenius (1592–1670)" (PDF). www.moravian.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 2, 2009. Retrieved May 18, 2009.

newadvent.org

"Lemberg". Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 3 September 2010.

ox.ac.uk

nuffield.ox.ac.uk

Allen, Robert. "Economic Structure and agricultural productivity in Europe, 1300–1800" (PDF). Retrieved 5 May 2015.

photobucket.com

i34.photobucket.com

""Mes Wladislaus..." a letter from Wladyslaw Vasa issued in 1639 written in Lithuanian language". Retrieved 3 September 2006.

polinow.pl

Maciej Kobyliński. "Rzeczpospolita spichlerzem Europy". www.polinow.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 28 December 2009.

polityka.pl

Dziejochciejstwo, dziejokrętactwo, Janusz Tazbir, Polityka 6 (2591) 10 February 2007 (in Polish)

pwn.pl

sjp.pwn.pl

"Regnum Poloniae Magnusque Ducatus Lithuaniae – definicja, synonimy, przykłady użycia". sjp.pwn.pl. Retrieved 27 October 2016.

encyklopedia.pwn.pl

"Drogi handlowe w dawnej Polsce". PWN. Encyklopedia PWN. Retrieved 16 February 2021.

rice.edu

ruf.rice.edu

Andrzej Wasko, Sarmatism or the Enlightenment: <space>The Dilemma of Polish Culture, Sarmatian Review XVII:2, online

rp.pl

Grzegorz Górny (23 August 2008). "Zobaczyć Kresy" (in Polish). Rzeczpospolita. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2009.

skarbnicanarodowa.pl

"Pierwsze polskie banknoty". Skarbnica Narodowa (in Polish). Retrieved 16 February 2021.

smithsonianmag.com

Billock, Jennifer (2019). "Follow the Ancient Amber Road". Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian. Retrieved 16 February 2021.

staropolska.pl

Michael J. Mikoś. "Baroque". www.staropolska.pl. Retrieved 13 May 2009.

tomaszewska.com.pl

Tomaszewska, A. "Wolna elekcja i zasady jej funkcjonowania" (PDF). Tomaszewska. Retrieved 16 February 2021.

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ces.uj.edu.pl

Jagiellonian University Centre for European studies, "A Very Short History of Kraków", see: "1596 administrative capital, the tiny village of Warsaw". Archived from the original on 12 March 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2012.

unesco.org

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"Memory of the World Register Nomination Form". portal.unesco.org. Retrieved 2 August 2011.

whc.unesco.org

"Old City of Zamość". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 23 September 2009. Retrieved 15 September 2011.

unive.it

venus.unive.it

Krzysztof Olszewski (2007). The Rise and Decline of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth due to Grain Trade (PDF). p. 7. Retrieved 22 April 2009.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

vle.lt

Spečiūnas, Vytautas. "Jonas Albrechtas". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 18 November 2023.
Jasas, Rimantas. "Liublino unija". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 18 November 2024. LDK liko atskira valstybė, turinti pavadinimą, herbą, teritoriją, valdymo aparatą, iždą, įstatymus, teismus, kariuomenę, antspaudą.
Petrauskas, Rimvydas. "Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 18 November 2024. Po unijos LDK išsaugojo savo teritoriją, įstatymus
"Abiejų Tautų Respublika". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 18 November 2024.
Andriulis, Vytautas. "Trečiasis Lietuvos Statutas". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 21 October 2024. Trečiajame Lietuvos Statute buvo įrašyta lietuviškoji Liublino unijos samprata: kaip 2 lygiateisių valstybių – Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės ir Lenkijos – federacija.
Tumelis, Juozas. "Abiejų Tautų tarpusavio įžadas". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 18 November 2024. Preambulėje patvirtintas dualistinis valstybės pobūdis

warsawvoice.pl

"Setting Sail". www.warsawvoice.pl. 29 May 2003. Archived from the original on 26 January 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2009.

web.archive.org

Jagiellonian University Centre for European studies, "A Very Short History of Kraków", see: "1596 administrative capital, the tiny village of Warsaw". Archived from the original on 12 March 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
Based on 1618 population map Archived 17 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine (p. 115), 1618 languages map (p. 119), 1657–67 losses map (p. 128) and 1717 map Archived 17 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine (p. 141) from Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, Poland a Historical Atlas, Hippocrene Books, 1987, ISBN 0880293942
"The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis" Archived 15 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine (discussion and full online text) of Evsey Domar (1970). Economic History Review 30:1 (March), pp. 18–32.
1791 document signed by the King Stanislaw August "Zareczenie wzaiemne Oboyga Narodow" pp. 1, 5 [1]
The death of Sigismund II Augustus in 1572 was followed by a three-year Interregnum during which adjustments were made in the constitutional system. The lower nobility was now included in the selection process, and the power of the monarch was further circumscribed in favor of the expanded noble class. From that point, the king was effectively a partner with the noble class and constantly supervised by a group of senators.
"The Elective Monarchy". Poland – The Historical Setting. Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. 1992. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
Russia's Rise as a European Power, 1650–1750 Archived 5 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Jeremy Black, History Today, Vol. 36 Issue: 8, August 1986.
Carl L. Bucki, The Constitution of May 3, 1791 Archived 5 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Text of a presentation made at the Polish Arts Club of Buffalo on the occasion of the celebrations of Poland's Constitution Day on 3 May 1996. Retrieved 20 March 2006.
""Polonaise" carpet". museu.gulbenkian.pt. Archived from the original on February 28, 2003. Retrieved May 18, 2009.
"Setting Sail". www.warsawvoice.pl. 29 May 2003. Archived from the original on 26 January 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
Paul Peucker. "Jan Amos Comenius (1592–1670)" (PDF). www.moravian.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 2, 2009. Retrieved May 18, 2009.
"Palaces and Castles in a Lion Country". www.lvivtoday.com.ua. 2 June 2008. Archived from the original on 25 April 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2009.
"Poland, history of", Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. [2]. Retrieved 10 February 2006 Archived 1 November 2004 at the Wayback Machine and "Ukraine", Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. [3]. Retrieved 14 February 2006. Archived 24 January 2005 at the Wayback Machine
"European Jewish Congress – Poland". Eurojewcong.org. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
Grzegorz Górny (23 August 2008). "Zobaczyć Kresy" (in Polish). Rzeczpospolita. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2009.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Polish Succession War" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 981–982.

wilanow-palac.pl

kurkowski, Jan (2010). "Jarmarki w województwie lubelskim w XVI w." Pasaż Wiedzy. Muzeum Pałacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie. Retrieved 16 February 2021.