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Pratiyogita Darpan (October 2007). Pratiyogita Darpan. Pratiyogita Darpan. p. 67. Archived from the original on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
Randhawa, Mohindar Singh; Randhawa, Gurcharan Singh; Chadha, K. L.; Singh, Daljit; Horticultural Society of India (1971). The Famous gardens of India. Malhotra Publishing House. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016.
InterviewArchived 3 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine with K. R. Narayanan on Independence day, 15 August 1998; by N. Ram, editor, Frontline ["K. R. Narayanan in conversation with N. Ram", The Hindu, 10 November 2005. Retrieved 24 February 2006].
Great Britain. Ministry of Overseas Development. Library; Great Britain. Overseas Development Administration. Library. Public Administration. Upkar Prakashan. pp. 167–. Archived from the original on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
Randhawa, Mohindar Singh; Randhawa, Gurcharan Singh; Chadha, K. L.; Singh, Daljit; Horticultural Society of India (1971). The Famous gardens of India. Malhotra Publishing House. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016.
InterviewArchived 3 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine with K. R. Narayanan on Independence day, 15 August 1998; by N. Ram, editor, Frontline ["K. R. Narayanan in conversation with N. Ram", The Hindu, 10 November 2005. Retrieved 24 February 2006].
The president is the head of the executive as per Article 53 and 77 of the Indian Constitution. But in practice, it is the Council of Ministers with the prime minister as its head, that exercises the powers accorded to this position as per Article 74 and 78 of the Indian Constitution. Thus making the prime minister the de facto head of the executive.