Quality-adjusted life year (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Quality-adjusted life year" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

25nih.gov

4^th place

24doi.org

2^nd place

12worldcat.org

5^th place

6semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

4web.archive.org

1^st place

3nice.org.uk

3,258^th place

2,666^th place

2jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

2echoutcome.eu

low place

1washingtonpost.com

34^th place

27^th place

1nytimes.com

7^th place

1eurohex.eu

low place

1ucla.edu

782^nd place

585^th place

1duke.edu

1,880^th place

1,218^th place

1pauldolan.co.uk

low place

1michaelschlander.com

low place

1bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

1oup.com

485^th place

440^th place

1pioneerinstitute.org

low place

1statnews.com

8,771^st place

5,253^rd place

1remedybytes.com

low place

1wsj.com

79^th place

65^th place

1gov.uk

432^nd place

278^th place

bbc.co.uk

Dreaper, Jane (24 January 2013). "Researchers claim NHS drug decisions 'are flawed'". BBC News. Retrieved 2017-05-30.

doi.org

Weinstein, Milton C.; Torrance, George; McGuire, Alistair (2009). "QALYs: The Basics". Value in Health. 12: S5–S9. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00515.x. ISSN 1098-3015. PMID 19250132.
Prieto, Luis; Sacristán, José A. (2003-12-19). "Problems and solutions in calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)". Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 1 (1): 80. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-80. ISSN 1477-7525. PMC 317370. PMID 14687421.
Prieto, Luis; Sacristán, José A. (2003). "Problems and solutions in calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)". Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 1 (1): 80. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-80. PMC 317370. PMID 14687421.
Torrance, George E. (1986). "Measurement of health state utilities for economic appraisal: A review". Journal of Health Economics. 5 (1): 1–30. doi:10.1016/0167-6296(86)90020-2. PMID 10311607.
EuroQol Group (1990-12-01). "EuroQol--a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life". Health Policy. 16 (3): 199–208. doi:10.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-9. ISSN 0168-8510. PMID 10109801.
Weinstein, Milton; Zeckhauser, Richard (1973-04-01). "Critical ratios and efficient allocation". Journal of Public Economics. 2 (2): 147–157. doi:10.1016/0047-2727(73)90002-9.
Appleby, J.; Devlin, N.; Parkin, D. (August 2007). "NICE's cost effectiveness threshold". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 335 (7616). BMJ: 358–359. doi:10.1136/bmj.39308.560069.BE. PMC 1952475. PMID 17717337.
Klarman, Herbert E.; Francis, John O'S; Rosenthal, Gerald D. (1968). "Cost effectiveness analysis applied to the treatment of chronic renal disease". Medical Care. 6 (1): 48–54. doi:10.1097/00005650-196801000-00005. S2CID 72031480.
Fanshel, Sol; Bush, J.W. (1970). "A health-status index and its application to health-services outcomes" (PDF). Operations Research. 18 (6): 1021–66. doi:10.1287/opre.18.6.1021. Retrieved 2014-05-06.
Zeckhauser, Richard; Shepard, Donald (1976). "Where Now for Saving Lives?". Law and Contemporary Problems. 40 (4): 5–45. doi:10.2307/1191310. ISSN 0023-9186. JSTOR 1191310.
Sassi, Franco (2006). "Calculating QALYs, comparing QALY and DALY calculations". Health Policy and Planning. 21 (5): 402–408. doi:10.1093/heapol/czl018. ISSN 0268-1080. PMID 16877455.
Pliskin, J. S.; Shepard, D. S.; Weinstein, M. C. (1980). "Utility Functions for Life Years and Health Status". Operations Research. 28 (1): 206–24. doi:10.1287/opre.28.1.206. JSTOR 172147.
Mehrez, A; Gafni, A (April 1991). "The healthy-years equivalents: how to measure them using the standard gamble approach". Medical Decision Making. 11 (2): 140–6. doi:10.1177/0272989X9101100212. PMID 1865782. S2CID 20873927.
Prieto, Luis; Sacristán, José A (2003). "Problems and solutions in calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)". Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 1 (1): 80. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-80. PMC 317370. PMID 14687421.
Mortimer, D.; Segal, L. (2007). "Comparing the Incomparable? A Systematic Review of Competing Techniques for Converting Descriptive Measures of Health Status into QALY-Weights". Medical Decision Making. 28 (1): 66–89. doi:10.1177/0272989X07309642. PMID 18263562. S2CID 40830765.
Gandjour, A; Gafni, A (March 2010). "The additive utility assumption of the QALY model revisited". Journal of Health Economics. 29 (2): 325–8, author reply 329–31. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.11.001. PMID 20004033.
Dolan, P (January 2008). "Developing methods that really do value the 'Q' in the QALY" (PDF). Health Economics, Policy and Law. 3 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1017/S1744133107004355. PMID 18634633. S2CID 25353890. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-03. Retrieved 2014-08-07.
Nord, Erik; Pinto, Jose Luis; Richardson, Jeff; Menzel, Paul; Ubel, Peter (1999). "Incorporating societal concerns for fairness in numerical valuations of health programmes". Health Economics. 8 (1): 25–39. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(199902)8:1<25::AID-HEC398>3.0.CO;2-H. PMID 10082141. S2CID 16623609.
Loomes, Graham; McKenzie, Lynda (1989). "The use of QALYs in health care decision making". Social Science & Medicine. 28 (4): 299–308. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(89)90030-0. ISSN 0277-9536. PMID 2649989.
Holmes, David (March 2013). "Report triggers quibbles over QALYs, a staple of health metrics". Nature Medicine. 19 (3): 248. doi:10.1038/nm0313-248. PMID 23467219.
Beresniak, Ariel; Medina-Lara, Antonieta; Auray, Jean Paul; De Wever, Alain; Praet, Jean-Claude; Tarricone, Rosanna; Torbica, Aleksandra; Dupont, Danielle; Lamure, Michel; Duru, Gerard (2015). "Validation of the Underlying Assumptions of the Quality-Adjusted Life-Years Outcome: Results from the ECHOUTCOME European Project". PharmacoEconomics. 33 (1): 61–69. doi:10.1007/s40273-014-0216-0. ISSN 1170-7690. PMID 25230587. S2CID 5392762.
Krell, J; Kirkdale, R; O'Hanlon Brown, C; Tuthill, M; Waxman, J (2010). "The cost of a QALY". QJM. 103 (9): 715–720. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcq081. PMID 20519275. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
Orr, Shepley; Wolff, Jonathan (2015-04-01). "Reconciling cost-effectiveness with the rule of rescue: the institutional division of moral labour". Theory and Decision. 78 (4): 525–538. doi:10.1007/s11238-014-9434-3. ISSN 1573-7187.
Brazier, John; Tsuchiya, Aki (2015). "Improving Cross-Sector Comparisons: Going Beyond the Health-Related QALY". Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. 13 (6): 557–565. doi:10.1007/s40258-015-0194-1. ISSN 1175-5652. PMC 4661222. PMID 26324402.

duke.edu

scholarship.law.duke.edu

Zeckhauser, Richard; Shepard, Donald (1976). "Where Now for Saving Lives?". Law and Contemporary Problems. 40 (4): 5–45. doi:10.2307/1191310. ISSN 0023-9186. JSTOR 1191310.

echoutcome.eu

"ECHOUTCOME: European Consortium in Healthcare Outcomes and Cost-Benefit Research". Archived from the original on 2016-10-08.
European Consortium in Healthcare Outcomes and Cost-Benefit Research (ECHOUTCOME). "European Guidelines for Cost-Effectiveness Assessments of Health Technologies" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-08-14.

eurohex.eu

Fanshel, Sol; Bush, J.W. (1970). "A health-status index and its application to health-services outcomes" (PDF). Operations Research. 18 (6): 1021–66. doi:10.1287/opre.18.6.1021. Retrieved 2014-05-06.

gov.uk

"HMT Green Book". 16 May 2024. p. 28.

jstor.org

Zeckhauser, Richard; Shepard, Donald (1976). "Where Now for Saving Lives?". Law and Contemporary Problems. 40 (4): 5–45. doi:10.2307/1191310. ISSN 0023-9186. JSTOR 1191310.
Pliskin, J. S.; Shepard, D. S.; Weinstein, M. C. (1980). "Utility Functions for Life Years and Health Status". Operations Research. 28 (1): 206–24. doi:10.1287/opre.28.1.206. JSTOR 172147.

michaelschlander.com

Schlander, Michael (2010-05-23), Measures of efficiency in healthcare: QALMs about QALYs?, Institute for Innovation & Valuation in Health Care, archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-25, retrieved 2010-05-23

nice.org.uk

"Judging whether public health interventions offer value for money". National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. September 2013. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
"Glossary". National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
"Glossary". NICE. Retrieved 2024-05-22.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Weinstein, Milton C.; Torrance, George; McGuire, Alistair (2009). "QALYs: The Basics". Value in Health. 12: S5–S9. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00515.x. ISSN 1098-3015. PMID 19250132.
Prieto, Luis; Sacristán, José A. (2003-12-19). "Problems and solutions in calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)". Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 1 (1): 80. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-80. ISSN 1477-7525. PMC 317370. PMID 14687421.
Prieto, Luis; Sacristán, José A. (2003). "Problems and solutions in calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)". Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 1 (1): 80. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-80. PMC 317370. PMID 14687421.
Torrance, George E. (1986). "Measurement of health state utilities for economic appraisal: A review". Journal of Health Economics. 5 (1): 1–30. doi:10.1016/0167-6296(86)90020-2. PMID 10311607.
EuroQol Group (1990-12-01). "EuroQol--a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life". Health Policy. 16 (3): 199–208. doi:10.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-9. ISSN 0168-8510. PMID 10109801.
Appleby, J.; Devlin, N.; Parkin, D. (August 2007). "NICE's cost effectiveness threshold". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 335 (7616). BMJ: 358–359. doi:10.1136/bmj.39308.560069.BE. PMC 1952475. PMID 17717337.
Torrance, G W; Thomas, W.H.; Sackett, D.L. (1972). "A utility maximization model for evaluation of health care programs". Health Services Research. 7 (2): 118–133. ISSN 0017-9124. PMC 1067402. PMID 5044699.
Sassi, Franco (2006). "Calculating QALYs, comparing QALY and DALY calculations". Health Policy and Planning. 21 (5): 402–408. doi:10.1093/heapol/czl018. ISSN 0268-1080. PMID 16877455.
Mehrez, A; Gafni, A (April 1991). "The healthy-years equivalents: how to measure them using the standard gamble approach". Medical Decision Making. 11 (2): 140–6. doi:10.1177/0272989X9101100212. PMID 1865782. S2CID 20873927.
Prieto, Luis; Sacristán, José A (2003). "Problems and solutions in calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)". Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 1 (1): 80. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-80. PMC 317370. PMID 14687421.
Mortimer, D.; Segal, L. (2007). "Comparing the Incomparable? A Systematic Review of Competing Techniques for Converting Descriptive Measures of Health Status into QALY-Weights". Medical Decision Making. 28 (1): 66–89. doi:10.1177/0272989X07309642. PMID 18263562. S2CID 40830765.
Gandjour, A; Gafni, A (March 2010). "The additive utility assumption of the QALY model revisited". Journal of Health Economics. 29 (2): 325–8, author reply 329–31. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.11.001. PMID 20004033.
Dolan, P (January 2008). "Developing methods that really do value the 'Q' in the QALY" (PDF). Health Economics, Policy and Law. 3 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1017/S1744133107004355. PMID 18634633. S2CID 25353890. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-03. Retrieved 2014-08-07.
Nord, Erik; Pinto, Jose Luis; Richardson, Jeff; Menzel, Paul; Ubel, Peter (1999). "Incorporating societal concerns for fairness in numerical valuations of health programmes". Health Economics. 8 (1): 25–39. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(199902)8:1<25::AID-HEC398>3.0.CO;2-H. PMID 10082141. S2CID 16623609.
Loomes, Graham; McKenzie, Lynda (1989). "The use of QALYs in health care decision making". Social Science & Medicine. 28 (4): 299–308. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(89)90030-0. ISSN 0277-9536. PMID 2649989.
Holmes, David (March 2013). "Report triggers quibbles over QALYs, a staple of health metrics". Nature Medicine. 19 (3): 248. doi:10.1038/nm0313-248. PMID 23467219.
Beresniak, Ariel; Medina-Lara, Antonieta; Auray, Jean Paul; De Wever, Alain; Praet, Jean-Claude; Tarricone, Rosanna; Torbica, Aleksandra; Dupont, Danielle; Lamure, Michel; Duru, Gerard (2015). "Validation of the Underlying Assumptions of the Quality-Adjusted Life-Years Outcome: Results from the ECHOUTCOME European Project". PharmacoEconomics. 33 (1): 61–69. doi:10.1007/s40273-014-0216-0. ISSN 1170-7690. PMID 25230587. S2CID 5392762.
Krell, J; Kirkdale, R; O'Hanlon Brown, C; Tuthill, M; Waxman, J (2010). "The cost of a QALY". QJM. 103 (9): 715–720. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcq081. PMID 20519275. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
Brazier, John; Tsuchiya, Aki (2015). "Improving Cross-Sector Comparisons: Going Beyond the Health-Related QALY". Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. 13 (6): 557–565. doi:10.1007/s40258-015-0194-1. ISSN 1175-5652. PMC 4661222. PMID 26324402.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Prieto, Luis; Sacristán, José A. (2003-12-19). "Problems and solutions in calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)". Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 1 (1): 80. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-80. ISSN 1477-7525. PMC 317370. PMID 14687421.
Prieto, Luis; Sacristán, José A. (2003). "Problems and solutions in calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)". Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 1 (1): 80. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-80. PMC 317370. PMID 14687421.
Appleby, J.; Devlin, N.; Parkin, D. (August 2007). "NICE's cost effectiveness threshold". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 335 (7616). BMJ: 358–359. doi:10.1136/bmj.39308.560069.BE. PMC 1952475. PMID 17717337.
Torrance, G W; Thomas, W.H.; Sackett, D.L. (1972). "A utility maximization model for evaluation of health care programs". Health Services Research. 7 (2): 118–133. ISSN 0017-9124. PMC 1067402. PMID 5044699.
Prieto, Luis; Sacristán, José A (2003). "Problems and solutions in calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)". Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 1 (1): 80. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-80. PMC 317370. PMID 14687421.
Brazier, John; Tsuchiya, Aki (2015). "Improving Cross-Sector Comparisons: Going Beyond the Health-Related QALY". Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. 13 (6): 557–565. doi:10.1007/s40258-015-0194-1. ISSN 1175-5652. PMC 4661222. PMID 26324402.

nytimes.com

"Opinion | Oregon Health Plan Is Unfair to the Disabled". The New York Times. 1992-09-01. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-11-22.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Krell, J; Kirkdale, R; O'Hanlon Brown, C; Tuthill, M; Waxman, J (2010). "The cost of a QALY". QJM. 103 (9): 715–720. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcq081. PMID 20519275. Retrieved 13 May 2021.

pauldolan.co.uk

Dolan, P (January 2008). "Developing methods that really do value the 'Q' in the QALY" (PDF). Health Economics, Policy and Law. 3 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1017/S1744133107004355. PMID 18634633. S2CID 25353890. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-03. Retrieved 2014-08-07.

pioneerinstitute.org

Smith, William (24 January 2019). "Key Questions for Legislators on the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER)". Pioneer Institute. Retrieved 13 May 2021.

remedybytes.com

"Do you use the QALY metric? Be careful. - RemedyBytes". 2023-03-13. Retrieved 2023-03-16.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Klarman, Herbert E.; Francis, John O'S; Rosenthal, Gerald D. (1968). "Cost effectiveness analysis applied to the treatment of chronic renal disease". Medical Care. 6 (1): 48–54. doi:10.1097/00005650-196801000-00005. S2CID 72031480.
Mehrez, A; Gafni, A (April 1991). "The healthy-years equivalents: how to measure them using the standard gamble approach". Medical Decision Making. 11 (2): 140–6. doi:10.1177/0272989X9101100212. PMID 1865782. S2CID 20873927.
Mortimer, D.; Segal, L. (2007). "Comparing the Incomparable? A Systematic Review of Competing Techniques for Converting Descriptive Measures of Health Status into QALY-Weights". Medical Decision Making. 28 (1): 66–89. doi:10.1177/0272989X07309642. PMID 18263562. S2CID 40830765.
Dolan, P (January 2008). "Developing methods that really do value the 'Q' in the QALY" (PDF). Health Economics, Policy and Law. 3 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1017/S1744133107004355. PMID 18634633. S2CID 25353890. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-03. Retrieved 2014-08-07.
Nord, Erik; Pinto, Jose Luis; Richardson, Jeff; Menzel, Paul; Ubel, Peter (1999). "Incorporating societal concerns for fairness in numerical valuations of health programmes". Health Economics. 8 (1): 25–39. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(199902)8:1<25::AID-HEC398>3.0.CO;2-H. PMID 10082141. S2CID 16623609.
Beresniak, Ariel; Medina-Lara, Antonieta; Auray, Jean Paul; De Wever, Alain; Praet, Jean-Claude; Tarricone, Rosanna; Torbica, Aleksandra; Dupont, Danielle; Lamure, Michel; Duru, Gerard (2015). "Validation of the Underlying Assumptions of the Quality-Adjusted Life-Years Outcome: Results from the ECHOUTCOME European Project". PharmacoEconomics. 33 (1): 61–69. doi:10.1007/s40273-014-0216-0. ISSN 1170-7690. PMID 25230587. S2CID 5392762.

statnews.com

Smith, William (22 February 2019). "The U.S. shouldn't use the 'QALY' in drug cost-effectiveness reviews". Stat News. Retrieved 13 May 2021.

ucla.edu

rmkaplan.bol.ucla.edu

Kaplan, Robert M. (1995). "Utility assessment for estimating quality-adjusted life years" (PDF). Valuing health care: Costs, benefits, and effectiveness of pharmaceuticals and other medical technologies. pp. 31–60. Retrieved 2014-05-06.

washingtonpost.com

Stetler, Pepper (2023-03-08). "Perspective | The eugenic roots of 'quality adjusted life years,' and why they matter". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-11-22.

web.archive.org

Dolan, P (January 2008). "Developing methods that really do value the 'Q' in the QALY" (PDF). Health Economics, Policy and Law. 3 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1017/S1744133107004355. PMID 18634633. S2CID 25353890. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-03. Retrieved 2014-08-07.
Schlander, Michael (2010-05-23), Measures of efficiency in healthcare: QALMs about QALYs?, Institute for Innovation & Valuation in Health Care, archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-25, retrieved 2010-05-23
"ECHOUTCOME: European Consortium in Healthcare Outcomes and Cost-Benefit Research". Archived from the original on 2016-10-08.
European Consortium in Healthcare Outcomes and Cost-Benefit Research (ECHOUTCOME). "European Guidelines for Cost-Effectiveness Assessments of Health Technologies" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-08-14.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Weinstein, Milton C.; Torrance, George; McGuire, Alistair (2009). "QALYs: The Basics". Value in Health. 12: S5–S9. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00515.x. ISSN 1098-3015. PMID 19250132.
Prieto, Luis; Sacristán, José A. (2003-12-19). "Problems and solutions in calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)". Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 1 (1): 80. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-80. ISSN 1477-7525. PMC 317370. PMID 14687421.
EuroQol Group (1990-12-01). "EuroQol--a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life". Health Policy. 16 (3): 199–208. doi:10.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-9. ISSN 0168-8510. PMID 10109801.
Stetler, Pepper (2023-03-08). "Perspective | The eugenic roots of 'quality adjusted life years,' and why they matter". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
"Opinion | Oregon Health Plan Is Unfair to the Disabled". The New York Times. 1992-09-01. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
Torrance, G W; Thomas, W.H.; Sackett, D.L. (1972). "A utility maximization model for evaluation of health care programs". Health Services Research. 7 (2): 118–133. ISSN 0017-9124. PMC 1067402. PMID 5044699.
Zeckhauser, Richard; Shepard, Donald (1976). "Where Now for Saving Lives?". Law and Contemporary Problems. 40 (4): 5–45. doi:10.2307/1191310. ISSN 0023-9186. JSTOR 1191310.
Sassi, Franco (2006). "Calculating QALYs, comparing QALY and DALY calculations". Health Policy and Planning. 21 (5): 402–408. doi:10.1093/heapol/czl018. ISSN 0268-1080. PMID 16877455.
Loomes, Graham; McKenzie, Lynda (1989). "The use of QALYs in health care decision making". Social Science & Medicine. 28 (4): 299–308. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(89)90030-0. ISSN 0277-9536. PMID 2649989.
Beresniak, Ariel; Medina-Lara, Antonieta; Auray, Jean Paul; De Wever, Alain; Praet, Jean-Claude; Tarricone, Rosanna; Torbica, Aleksandra; Dupont, Danielle; Lamure, Michel; Duru, Gerard (2015). "Validation of the Underlying Assumptions of the Quality-Adjusted Life-Years Outcome: Results from the ECHOUTCOME European Project". PharmacoEconomics. 33 (1): 61–69. doi:10.1007/s40273-014-0216-0. ISSN 1170-7690. PMID 25230587. S2CID 5392762.
Orr, Shepley; Wolff, Jonathan (2015-04-01). "Reconciling cost-effectiveness with the rule of rescue: the institutional division of moral labour". Theory and Decision. 78 (4): 525–538. doi:10.1007/s11238-014-9434-3. ISSN 1573-7187.
Brazier, John; Tsuchiya, Aki (2015). "Improving Cross-Sector Comparisons: Going Beyond the Health-Related QALY". Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. 13 (6): 557–565. doi:10.1007/s40258-015-0194-1. ISSN 1175-5652. PMC 4661222. PMID 26324402.

wsj.com

Roland, Denise (4 November 2019). "Obscure Model Puts a Price on Good Health—and Drives Down Drug Costs". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 13 May 2021.