Radcliffe Line (English Wikipedia)

Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict (2003, p. 35): Wavell, however, had made a more significant political judgement in his plan, submitted to the secretary of state, Lord Pethick-Lawrence, in February 1946: 'Gurdaspur must go with Amritsar for geographical reasons and Amritsar being sacred city of Sikhs must stay out of Pakistan... Fact that much of Lahore district is irrigated from upper Bari Doab canal with headworks in Gurdaspur district is awkward but there is no solution that avoids all such difficulties.' Schofield, Victoria (2003) [First published in 2000], Kashmir in Conflict, London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co, ISBN 978-1860648984
Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998). The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 483. ISBN 9780393045949. After briefly visiting Lahore and Calcutta to meet the members of the two commissions, Radcliffe settled into the Controller's House on the edge of the viceregal estate, avoiding contact with the viceroy as far as possible, to minimize any suspicions of influence and impropriety.
Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji (1941) [first published 1940], Thoughts on Pakistan, Bombay: Thacker and company
Sarila, Narendra Singh (2006). "Wavell Plays the Great game". The Shadow of the Great Game : The Untold Story of India's Partition. New York: Caroll and Graf Publishers. p. 195. ISBN 9780786719129. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
Singh, Kirpal (2006). "Introduction". Select Documents on Partition of Punjab – 1947: India and Pakistan: Punjab, Haryana and Himachal-India and Punjab-Pakistan. New Delhi: National Book Shop. pp. xxvi–xxvii. ISBN 9788171164455. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
French, Patrick (1998). Liberty or Death : India's Journey to Independence and Division. London: Flamingo. pp. 328–330. ISBN 9780006550457. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
Mansergh, Nicolas (1983). "The Maharaja of Bikaner to Rear-Admiral Viscount Mountbatten of Burma: Telegram (10 August 1947)". Constitutional Relations between Britain and India: The Transfer of Power 1942–7. Vol. XII. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. pp. 638, 645, 662. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
Singh, Kirpal (2005). "Memorandum Submitted to the Punjab Boundary Commission by the Indian National Congress". Select Documents on Partition of Punjab – 1947: India and Pakistan: Punjab, Haryana and Himachal-India and Punjab-Pakistan. Delhi: National Book Shop. p. 212. ISBN 9788171164455. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003, p. 35. Schofield, Victoria (2003) [First published in 2000], Kashmir in Conflict, London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co, ISBN 978-1860648984
Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003, p. 38. Schofield, Victoria (2003) [First published in 2000], Kashmir in Conflict, London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co, ISBN 978-1860648984
Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003, pp. 33–34. Schofield, Victoria (2003) [First published in 2000], Kashmir in Conflict, London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co, ISBN 978-1860648984
Zaidi, Z. H. (2001), Pakistan Pangs of Birth, 15 August–30 September 1947, Quaid-i-Azam Papers Project, National Archives of Pakistan, pp. 378–379, ISBN 9789698156091, retrieved 17 March 2022
The Reminiscences of Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan by Columbia University, 2004, p. 155, archived from the original on 30 July 2018, retrieved 20 July 2017
The Reminiscences of Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan by Columbia University, 2004, p. 158, archived from the original on 30 July 2018, retrieved 20 July 2017
Zaidi, Z. H. (2001), Pakistan Pangs of Birth, 15 August-30 September 1947, Quaid-i-Azam Papers Project, National Archives of Pakistan, p. 380, ISBN 9789698156091, archived from the original on 28 July 2017, retrieved 20 July 2017, The division of India is now finally and irrevocably effected. No doubt we feel that the carving out of this great independent Muslim State has suffered injustices. We have been squeezed in as much it was possible, and the latest blow that we have received was the award of the Boundary Commission. It is an unjust, incomprehensible and even perverse award.
Mehr Chand Mahajan, Looking Back: The Autobiography Bombay, 1963, p. 113, archived from the original on 30 July 2018, retrieved 21 July 2017

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Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998, p. 482 Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998), The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393045949
Tan & Kudaisya 2000, p. 162–163. Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2000), The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-44048-1
Dhulipala, Creating a New Medina 2015, pp. 124, 134, 142–144, 149: "Thoughts on Pakistan 'rocked Indian politics for a decade'." Dhulipala, Venkat (2015), Creating a New Medina, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-05212-3
Metcalf, Barbara D.; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2012), A Concise History of Modern India (Third ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 216–217, ISBN 978-1-139-53705-6, archived from the original on 30 July 2018, retrieved 29 July 2018: "... the Congress leadership, above all Jawaharlal Nehru, [...] increasingly came to the conclusion that, under the Cabinet mission proposals, the centre would be too weak to achieve the goals of the Congress ..."
Jalal, Ayesha (1994) [first published 1985], The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan, Cambridge University Press, pp. 209–210, ISBN 978-0-521-45850-4: "Just when Jinnah was beginning to turn in the direction that he both wanted and needed to go, his own followers pressed him to stick rigidly to his earlier unbending stance which he had adopted while he was preparing for the time of bargaining in earnest."
Fraser, T. G. (1984). Partition In Ireland India And Palestine: Theory And Practice. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-349-17610-6. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998, p. 483 Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998), The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393045949
Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998, pp. 482–483 Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998), The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393045949
Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998, p. 418: "He wrote to then Prime Minister Clement Attlee, 'It makes all the difference to me to know that you propose to make a statement in the House, terminating the British 'Raj' on a definite and specified date; or earlier than this date, if the Indian Parties can agree a constitution and form a Government before this.'" Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998), The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393045949
Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998, p. 482: "After the obligatory wrangles, with Jinnah playing for time by suggesting calling in the United Nations, which could have delayed things for months if not years, it was decided to set up two boundary commissions, each with an independent chairman and four High Court judges, two nominated by Congress and two by the League." Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998), The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393045949
Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998, 483, para. 1 Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998), The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393045949
Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998, p. 485 Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998), The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393045949
Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998, pp. 484–485: "After the 3 June 1947 plan had been announced, the main Sikh organization, the Shiromani Akali Dal, had distributed a circular saying that 'Pakistan means total death to the Sikh Panth [community] and the Sikhs are determined on a free sovereign state with the [rivers] Chenab and the Jamna as its borders, and it calls on all Sikhs to fight for their ideal under the flag of the Dal.'" Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998), The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393045949
Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998, p. 481 Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998), The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393045949
Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998, p. 484: Years later, he told Leonard Mosley, "The heat is so appalling, that at noon it looks like the blackest night and feels like the mouth of hell. After a few days of it, I seriously began to wonder whether I would come out of it alive. I have thought ever since that the greatest achievement which I made as Chairman of the Boundary Commission was a physical one, in surviving." Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998), The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393045949
Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998, p. .494 Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998), The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393045949
Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998, p. 490 Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998), The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393045949
Sadullah, Mian Muhammad (1983). "Arguments of the Bikaner State". The Partition of the Punjab, 1947: A Compilation of Official Documents. Vol. 2. Lahore: National Documentation Centre. pp. 202–210. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998, pp. 487–488 Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1998), The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780393045949
Pervaiz I Cheema; Manuel Riemer (1990). Pakistan's Defence Policy 1947–58. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-1-349-20942-2. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
Owen Bennett Jones (2003). Pakistan: Eye of the Storm. Yale University Press. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-0-300-10147-8. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
Khan, Ansar Hussain (1999). "The Truth of the Partition of the Punjab in August 1947: Statement by Christopher Beaumont". The Rediscovery of India: A New Subcontinent. Orient Longman. p. 332. ISBN 9788125015956. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
Tan & Kudaisya 2000, p. 91. Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2000), The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-44048-1
Ahmed, Pakistan: The Garrison State 2013, pp. 65–66: "The final border was almost a ditto copy of Viceroy Lord Wavell's top secret Demarcation Plan of February 1946, which was an auxiliary to the Demarcation Plan of February 1946...". Ahmed, Ishtiaq (2013), Pakistan – The Garrison State: Origins, Evolution, Consequences (1947–2011), Oxford University Press Pakistan, ISBN 978-0-19-906636-0
Ziring, Lawrence (1997), Pakistan in the Twentieth Century: A Political History, Karachi: Oxford University Press, p. 62, ISBN 978-0-19-577816-8
Sohail, Massarat (1991), Partition and Anglo-Pakistan relations, 1947–51, Vanguard, pp. 76–77, ISBN 9789694020570
Wolpert, Stanley (2009), Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India, Oxford University Press, USA, p. 167, ISBN 9780195393941, archived from the original on 25 September 2014, retrieved 18 September 2017
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Hodson, H. V. (1969), The Great Divide: Britain, India, Pakistan, London: Hutchinson, p. 355, ISBN 9780090971503

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"Hindus & Muslims embrace each other as brothers". Amrita Bazaar Patrika. Dhaka. 19 August 1947. p. 5. Retrieved 15 January 2023. As per announcement of June 3 last Murshidabad has been placed in Eastern Pakistan Dominion. People of Berhampore to-day celebrated Independence Day in the absence of any decision made by the Boundary Commission by saluting the Pakistan State Flag.

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Datta, Vishwa Nath (1998). "The Punjab Boundary Commission Award (12 August, 1947)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 59: 860. JSTOR 44147058. Retrieved 4 April 2022. It seems that Radcliffe had wanted to compensate Pakistan for having given a small portion of Lahore District and most of Gurdaspur to India, but he changed his mind. Firozpur was an important cantonment area, the major military bastion south of the Sutlej, and a junction point where four railway lines and three high ways met to cross the barrage-cum-bridge towards Kasur and Lahore. Perhaps geographical and strategic considerations weighed with Radcliffe.
Tinker, Hugh (August 1977), "Pressure, Persuasion, Decision: Factors in the Partition of the Punjab, August 1947", Journal of Asian Studies, XXXVI (4): 701, doi:10.2307/2054436, JSTOR 2054436, S2CID 162322698
Dutch, R. A. (1942). Census of India, 1941: Volume 4, Bengal (Tables) (Reports). Vol. 4. Simla: Government of India Press. pp. 24–25. JSTOR saoa.crl.28215987. OCLC 316711026. Retrieved 7 April 2022.

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Mishra, Exit Wounds 2007, para. 19: "Irrevocably enfeebled by the Second World War, the British belatedly realized that they had to leave the subcontinent, which had spiraled out of their control through the nineteen-forties. ... But in the British elections at the end of the war, the reactionaries unexpectedly lost to the Labour Party, and a new era in British politics began. As von Tunzelmann writes, 'By 1946, the subcontinent was a mess, with British civil and military officers desperate to leave, and a growing hostility to their presence among Indians.' ... The British could not now rely on brute force without imperiling their own sense of legitimacy. Besides, however much they 'preferred the illusion of imperial might to the admission of imperial failure,' as von Tunzelmann puts it, the country, deep in wartime debt, simply couldn't afford to hold on to its increasingly unstable empire. Imperial disengagement appeared not just inevitable but urgent." Mishra, Pankaj (13 August 2007). "Exit Wounds". The New Yorker.
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Sialkoti, Punjab Boundary Line Issue 2014, p. 82. Sialkoti, Zulfiqar Ali (2014), "An Analytical Study of the Punjab Boundary Line Issue during the Last Two Decades of the British Raj until the Declaration of 3 June 1947" (PDF), Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, XXXV (2)
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Sialkoti, Punjab Boundary Line Issue 2014, p. 85–86. Sialkoti, Zulfiqar Ali (2014), "An Analytical Study of the Punjab Boundary Line Issue during the Last Two Decades of the British Raj until the Declaration of 3 June 1947" (PDF), Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, XXXV (2)
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Ilahi, Shereen (2003). "The Radcliffe Boundary Commission and the Fate of Kashmir". India Review. 2 (1): 77–102. doi:10.1080/714002326. ISSN 1473-6489. S2CID 153890196.
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Anzi, Achia (1 June 2021). "The ambivalence of borders: Map art through the lens of North-East Indian artists". Jindal Global Law Review. 12 (1): 117–137. doi:10.1007/s41020-021-00142-9. ISSN 2364-4869. S2CID 237916446.

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"This Bloody Line". YouTube. 18 March 2017. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018.