Kazui, Tashiro; Videen, Susan Downing (1982). "Foreign Relations during the Edo Period: Sakoku Reexamined". Journal of Japanese Studies. 8 (2): 283. doi:10.2307/132341. ISSN0095-6848. JSTOR132341.
Toby, Ronald P. (1977). "Reopening the Question of Sakoku: Diplomacy in the Legitimation of the Tokugawa Bakufu". Journal of Japanese Studies. 3 (2): 323–363. doi:10.2307/132115. ISSN0095-6848. JSTOR132115.
Kazui, Tashiro; Videen, Susan Downing (1982). "Foreign Relations during the Edo Period: Sakoku Reexamined". Journal of Japanese Studies. 8 (2): 283. doi:10.2307/132341. ISSN0095-6848. JSTOR132341.
Toby, Ronald P. (1977). "Reopening the Question of Sakoku: Diplomacy in the Legitimation of the Tokugawa Bakufu". Journal of Japanese Studies. 3 (2): 323–363. doi:10.2307/132115. ISSN0095-6848. JSTOR132115.
Kazui, Tashiro; Videen, Susan Downing (1982). "Foreign Relations during the Edo Period: Sakoku Reexamined". Journal of Japanese Studies. 8 (2): 283. doi:10.2307/132341. ISSN0095-6848. JSTOR132341.
Toby, Ronald P. (1977). "Reopening the Question of Sakoku: Diplomacy in the Legitimation of the Tokugawa Bakufu". Journal of Japanese Studies. 3 (2): 323–363. doi:10.2307/132115. ISSN0095-6848. JSTOR132115.