Scrapie (English Wikipedia)

Richard Rubenstein, Binggong Chang, Perry Gray, Martin Piltch, Marie S. Bulgin, Sharon Sorensen-Melson, Michael W. Miller. "SOFIA: An Assay Platform for Ultrasensitive Detection of PrPSc in Brain and Blood" (PDF). SUNY Downstate Medical Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
"SOFIA: An Assay Platform for Ultrasensitive Detection of PrPSc in Brain and Blood". Prion. 5: 138–139. April 2011 – via Ovid.

books.google.com

Kim K (2006-11-22). The Social Construction of Disease: From Scrapie to Prion. Routledge. ISBN 9781134237135.

britannica.com

"Scrapie | sheep disease".

cornell.edu

downloads.usda.library.cornell.edu

"Sheep and Goats Death Loss" (PDF). National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2005-05-06. Retrieved 2019-01-22.
"Livestock Slaughter 2010 Summary". United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. April 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2020.

defra.gov.uk

"National Scrapie Plan / Ram Genotyping Scheme Review / Benefits Review" (PDF). Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. December 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-11-09. Retrieved 2019-01-22. This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the Open Government Licence v1.0. © Crown copyright.

doi.org

Detwiler LA (1992). "Scrapie". Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 11 (2): 491–537. doi:10.20506/rst.11.2.607. PMID 1617202.
Hunter N (2007). "Scrapie: uncertainties, biology and molecular approaches" (PDF). Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1772 (6): 619–28. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.04.007. hdl:20.500.11820/70731351-7cc2-4746-908f-1dfaa331ad7f. PMID 17560089.
Cassard H, Torres JM, Lacroux C, Douet JY, Benestad SL, Lantier F, Lugan S, Lantier I, Costes P, Aron N, Reine F, Herzog L, Espinosa JC, Beringue V, Andréoletti O (2014-12-16). "Evidence for zoonotic potential of ovine scrapie prions". Nature Communications. 5: 5821. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.5821C. doi:10.1038/ncomms6821. hdl:20.500.12792/5784. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 25510416. S2CID 205333618.
Comoy E, Mikol J, Luccantoni-Freire S (2015). "Transmission of scrapie prions to primate after an extended silent incubation period". Scientific Reports. 5: 11573. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511573C. doi:10.1038/srep11573. PMC 4485159. PMID 26123044.
Foster JD, Parnham D, Chong A, Goldmann W, Hunter N (2001). "Clinical signs, histopathology and genetics of experimental transmission of BSE and natural scrapie to sheep and goats". Vet. Rec. 148 (6): 165–71. doi:10.1136/vr.148.6.165. PMID 11258721. S2CID 43497666.
Detwiler LA, Baylis M (2003). "The epidemiology of scrapie" (PDF). Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 22 (1): 121–43. doi:10.20506/rst.22.1.1386. PMID 12793776. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-08. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
Konold Moore, Bellworthy Simmons (2008). "Evidence of scrapie transmission via milk". BMC Veterinary Research. 4: 16. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-4-16. PMC 2390527. PMID 18445253.
Van Keulen LJ, Schreuder BE, Vromans ME, Langeveld JP, Smits MA (2000). "Pathogenesis of natural scrapie in sheep". Prion Diseases. Archives of Virology. Supplementa 16. pp. 57–71. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6308-5_5. ISBN 978-3-211-83529-6. PMID 11214935.
O'Rourke KI, Duncan JV, Logan JR, et al. (2002). "Active surveillance for scrapie by third eyelid biopsy and genetic susceptibility testing of flocks of sheep in Wyoming". Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9 (5): 966–71. doi:10.1128/CDLI.9.5.966-971.2002. PMC 120069. PMID 12204945.
Belay ED, Schonberger LB (2008-01-01), "Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies", in Mahy BW, Van Regenmortel MH (eds.), Encyclopedia of Virology (Third Edition), vol. 233, Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 186–193, doi:10.1016/b978-012374410-4.00557-4, ISBN 978-0-12-374410-4, PMID 19046027, retrieved 2023-06-06
Heim D, Kihm U (2003). "Risk management of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in Europe". Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 22 (1): 179–99. doi:10.20506/rst.22.1.1392. PMID 12793779. S2CID 20893064.
Saunders SE, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Jason C. Bartz (2008). "Prions in the environment". Prion. 2 (4): 162–169. doi:10.4161/pri.2.4.7951. PMC 2658766. PMID 19242120.
Seidel B, Thomzig A, Buschmann A, Groschup M, Peters R, Beekes M, Terytze K (9 May 2007). "Scrapie Agent (Strain 263K) Can Transmit Disease via the Oral Route after Persistence in Soil Over Years". PLOS One. 2 (5): e435. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..435S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000435. PMC 1855989. PMID 17502917.
Terry L, et al. (18 May 2011). "Detection of Prions in the feces of sheep naturally infected with classical scrapie". Veterinary Research. 42 (65): 65. doi:10.1186/1297-9716-42-65. PMC 3112104. PMID 21592355.
Caramelli M, Ru G, Casalone C, Bozzetta E, Acutis PL, Calella A, Forloni G (2001-04-28). "Evidence for the transmission of scrapie to sheep and goats from a vaccine against Mycoplasma agalactiae". The Veterinary Record. 148 (17): 531–536. doi:10.1136/vr.148.17.531. PMID 11354646. S2CID 41220613.
Zanusso G, Casalone C, Acutis P, Bozzetta E, Farinazzo A, Gelati M, Fiorini M, Forloni G, Sy MS (April 2003). "Molecular analysis of iatrogenic scrapie in Italy". The Journal of General Virology. 84 (Pt 4): 1047–1052. doi:10.1099/vir.0.18774-0. ISSN 0022-1317. PMID 12655108. S2CID 25077051.
Agrimi U, Ru G, Cardone F, Pocchiari M, Caramelli M (1999-02-13). "Epidemic of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in sheep and goats in Italy". Lancet. 353 (9152): 560–561. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)04545-0. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 10028993. S2CID 8624669.
Georgsson G, et al. (2006). "Infectious agent of sheep scrapie may persist in the environment for at least 16 years". Journal of General Virology. 87 (12): 3737–3740. doi:10.1099/vir.0.82011-0. PMID 17098992.
Pederson J, et al. (July 2007). "Oral transmissibility of prion disease is enhanced by binding to soil particles". PLOS Pathog. 3 (7): e93. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030093. PMC 1904474. PMID 17616973.
Carp RI, Meekerl HC, Rubenstein R, Sigurdarson S, Papini M, Kascsak RJ, Kozlowski PB, Wisniewski HM (January 2000). "Characteristics of scrapie isolates derived from hay mites". Journal of Neurovirology. 6 (2): 137–144. doi:10.3109/13550280009013157. PMID 10822327. S2CID 16441609.
Johnson CJ, Phillips KE, Schramm PT, McKenzie D, Aiken JM, Pedersen JA (2006-04-14). "Prions Adhere to Soil Minerals and Remain Infectious". PLOS Pathogens. 2 (4): e32. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020032. ISSN 1553-7374. PMC 1435987. PMID 16617377.
Johnson CJ, et al. (2011). "Degradation of the disease-associated prion protein by a serine protease from lichens". PLOS ONE. 6 (5): e19836. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...619836J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019836. PMC 3092769. PMID 21589935.
Laplanche J, Chatelain J, Westaway D, Thomas S, Dussaucy M, Brugere-Picoux J, Launay J (January 1993). "PrP Polymorphisms Associated with Natural Scrapie Discovered by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis". Genomics. 15 (1): 30–37. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1006. ISSN 0888-7543. PMID 8094373.
CABI (2022-01-07). "scrapie". CABI Compendium. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.64847. ISSN 2958-3969.
Goldmann W, Hunter N, Foster JD, Salbaum JM, Beyreuther K, Hope J (1990-04-01). "Two alleles of a neural protein gene linked to scrapie in sheep". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 87 (7): 2476–2480. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.2476G. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.7.2476. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 53712. PMID 1969635.
Goldmann W, Hunter N, Benson G, Foster JD, Hope J (1991). "Different scrapie-associated fibril proteins (PrP) are encoded by lines of sheep selected for different alleles of the Sip gene". Journal of General Virology. 72 (10): 2411–2417. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-72-10-2411. PMID 1681027.
Clouscard C, Beaudry P, Elsen JM, Milan D, Dussaucy M, Bounneau C, Schelcher F, Chatelain J, Launay JM (1995). "Different allelic effects of the codons 136 and 171 of the prion protein gene in sheep with natural scrapie". Journal of General Virology. 76 (8): 2097–2101. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-76-8-2097. PMID 7636494.
Westaway D, Zuliani V, Cooper CM, Costa MD, Neuman S, Jenny AL, Detwiler L, Prusiner SB (1994-04-15). "Homozygosity for prion protein alleles encoding glutamine-171 renders sheep susceptible to natural scrapie". Genes & Development. 8 (8): 959–969. doi:10.1101/gad.8.8.959. ISSN 0890-9369. PMID 7926780.

ecclectica.ca

Rolf G. "From Sheep to Humans: Scrapie and Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease". Ecclectica. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.

ed.ac.uk

pure.ed.ac.uk

Hunter N (2007). "Scrapie: uncertainties, biology and molecular approaches" (PDF). Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1772 (6): 619–28. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.04.007. hdl:20.500.11820/70731351-7cc2-4746-908f-1dfaa331ad7f. PMID 17560089.

eradicatescrapie.org

National Scrapie Education Initiative. "Scrapie Fact Sheet". National Institute for Animal Agriculture. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2011.

europa.eu

efsa.europa.eu

"Scrapie: no evidence of threat to humans under real-life conditions". European Food Safety Authority. 5 August 2015. Retrieved 2021-05-13.

ec.europa.eu

"Letter from Franz FISCHLER, European Commission Directorate-General for Agriculture to The Right Hon Jack Straw MP Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs regarding State aid N 544/2002 National Scrapie Plan for Great Britain: Phase 1 – Genotyping schemes to encourage breeding for genetic resistance" (PDF).

fda.gov

"Safety & Availability (Biologics) - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Questions and Answers". FDA. 2019-05-22.

forskning.no

Tarmen viktig for skrapesyke - forskning.no

gov.scot

"Scrapie: how to spot and report the disease". www.gov.scot.

gov.uk

"Scrapie: how to spot and report the disease". GOV.UK. 18 October 2018.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Hunter N (2007). "Scrapie: uncertainties, biology and molecular approaches" (PDF). Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1772 (6): 619–28. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.04.007. hdl:20.500.11820/70731351-7cc2-4746-908f-1dfaa331ad7f. PMID 17560089.
Cassard H, Torres JM, Lacroux C, Douet JY, Benestad SL, Lantier F, Lugan S, Lantier I, Costes P, Aron N, Reine F, Herzog L, Espinosa JC, Beringue V, Andréoletti O (2014-12-16). "Evidence for zoonotic potential of ovine scrapie prions". Nature Communications. 5: 5821. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.5821C. doi:10.1038/ncomms6821. hdl:20.500.12792/5784. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 25510416. S2CID 205333618.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Cassard H, Torres JM, Lacroux C, Douet JY, Benestad SL, Lantier F, Lugan S, Lantier I, Costes P, Aron N, Reine F, Herzog L, Espinosa JC, Beringue V, Andréoletti O (2014-12-16). "Evidence for zoonotic potential of ovine scrapie prions". Nature Communications. 5: 5821. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.5821C. doi:10.1038/ncomms6821. hdl:20.500.12792/5784. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 25510416. S2CID 205333618.
Comoy E, Mikol J, Luccantoni-Freire S (2015). "Transmission of scrapie prions to primate after an extended silent incubation period". Scientific Reports. 5: 11573. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511573C. doi:10.1038/srep11573. PMC 4485159. PMID 26123044.
Seidel B, Thomzig A, Buschmann A, Groschup M, Peters R, Beekes M, Terytze K (9 May 2007). "Scrapie Agent (Strain 263K) Can Transmit Disease via the Oral Route after Persistence in Soil Over Years". PLOS One. 2 (5): e435. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..435S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000435. PMC 1855989. PMID 17502917.
Johnson CJ, et al. (2011). "Degradation of the disease-associated prion protein by a serine protease from lichens". PLOS ONE. 6 (5): e19836. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...619836J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019836. PMC 3092769. PMID 21589935.
Goldmann W, Hunter N, Foster JD, Salbaum JM, Beyreuther K, Hope J (1990-04-01). "Two alleles of a neural protein gene linked to scrapie in sheep". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 87 (7): 2476–2480. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.2476G. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.7.2476. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 53712. PMID 1969635.

iastate.edu

cfsph.iastate.edu

"Scrapie" (PDF).

msdvetmanual.com

Balch S. "Scrapie - Nervous System". MSD Veterinary Manual. Retrieved 5 January 2025.

nationalarchives.gov.uk

webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk

"National Scrapie Plan / Ram Genotyping Scheme Review / Benefits Review" (PDF). Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. December 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-11-09. Retrieved 2019-01-22. This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the Open Government Licence v1.0. © Crown copyright.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Detwiler LA (1992). "Scrapie". Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 11 (2): 491–537. doi:10.20506/rst.11.2.607. PMID 1617202.
Hunter N (2007). "Scrapie: uncertainties, biology and molecular approaches" (PDF). Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1772 (6): 619–28. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.04.007. hdl:20.500.11820/70731351-7cc2-4746-908f-1dfaa331ad7f. PMID 17560089.
Cassard H, Torres JM, Lacroux C, Douet JY, Benestad SL, Lantier F, Lugan S, Lantier I, Costes P, Aron N, Reine F, Herzog L, Espinosa JC, Beringue V, Andréoletti O (2014-12-16). "Evidence for zoonotic potential of ovine scrapie prions". Nature Communications. 5: 5821. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.5821C. doi:10.1038/ncomms6821. hdl:20.500.12792/5784. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 25510416. S2CID 205333618.
Comoy E, Mikol J, Luccantoni-Freire S (2015). "Transmission of scrapie prions to primate after an extended silent incubation period". Scientific Reports. 5: 11573. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511573C. doi:10.1038/srep11573. PMC 4485159. PMID 26123044.
Foster JD, Parnham D, Chong A, Goldmann W, Hunter N (2001). "Clinical signs, histopathology and genetics of experimental transmission of BSE and natural scrapie to sheep and goats". Vet. Rec. 148 (6): 165–71. doi:10.1136/vr.148.6.165. PMID 11258721. S2CID 43497666.
Detwiler LA, Baylis M (2003). "The epidemiology of scrapie" (PDF). Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 22 (1): 121–43. doi:10.20506/rst.22.1.1386. PMID 12793776. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-08. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
Konold Moore, Bellworthy Simmons (2008). "Evidence of scrapie transmission via milk". BMC Veterinary Research. 4: 16. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-4-16. PMC 2390527. PMID 18445253.
Van Keulen LJ, Schreuder BE, Vromans ME, Langeveld JP, Smits MA (2000). "Pathogenesis of natural scrapie in sheep". Prion Diseases. Archives of Virology. Supplementa 16. pp. 57–71. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6308-5_5. ISBN 978-3-211-83529-6. PMID 11214935.
O'Rourke KI, Duncan JV, Logan JR, et al. (2002). "Active surveillance for scrapie by third eyelid biopsy and genetic susceptibility testing of flocks of sheep in Wyoming". Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9 (5): 966–71. doi:10.1128/CDLI.9.5.966-971.2002. PMC 120069. PMID 12204945.
Atkinson M (2001). "National scrapie plan". The Veterinary Record. 149 (15): 462. PMID 11688751.
Belay ED, Schonberger LB (2008-01-01), "Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies", in Mahy BW, Van Regenmortel MH (eds.), Encyclopedia of Virology (Third Edition), vol. 233, Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 186–193, doi:10.1016/b978-012374410-4.00557-4, ISBN 978-0-12-374410-4, PMID 19046027, retrieved 2023-06-06
Heim D, Kihm U (2003). "Risk management of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in Europe". Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 22 (1): 179–99. doi:10.20506/rst.22.1.1392. PMID 12793779. S2CID 20893064.
Saunders SE, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Jason C. Bartz (2008). "Prions in the environment". Prion. 2 (4): 162–169. doi:10.4161/pri.2.4.7951. PMC 2658766. PMID 19242120.
Seidel B, Thomzig A, Buschmann A, Groschup M, Peters R, Beekes M, Terytze K (9 May 2007). "Scrapie Agent (Strain 263K) Can Transmit Disease via the Oral Route after Persistence in Soil Over Years". PLOS One. 2 (5): e435. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..435S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000435. PMC 1855989. PMID 17502917.
Terry L, et al. (18 May 2011). "Detection of Prions in the feces of sheep naturally infected with classical scrapie". Veterinary Research. 42 (65): 65. doi:10.1186/1297-9716-42-65. PMC 3112104. PMID 21592355.
Caramelli M, Ru G, Casalone C, Bozzetta E, Acutis PL, Calella A, Forloni G (2001-04-28). "Evidence for the transmission of scrapie to sheep and goats from a vaccine against Mycoplasma agalactiae". The Veterinary Record. 148 (17): 531–536. doi:10.1136/vr.148.17.531. PMID 11354646. S2CID 41220613.
Zanusso G, Casalone C, Acutis P, Bozzetta E, Farinazzo A, Gelati M, Fiorini M, Forloni G, Sy MS (April 2003). "Molecular analysis of iatrogenic scrapie in Italy". The Journal of General Virology. 84 (Pt 4): 1047–1052. doi:10.1099/vir.0.18774-0. ISSN 0022-1317. PMID 12655108. S2CID 25077051.
Agrimi U, Ru G, Cardone F, Pocchiari M, Caramelli M (1999-02-13). "Epidemic of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in sheep and goats in Italy". Lancet. 353 (9152): 560–561. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)04545-0. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 10028993. S2CID 8624669.
Georgsson G, et al. (2006). "Infectious agent of sheep scrapie may persist in the environment for at least 16 years". Journal of General Virology. 87 (12): 3737–3740. doi:10.1099/vir.0.82011-0. PMID 17098992.
Pederson J, et al. (July 2007). "Oral transmissibility of prion disease is enhanced by binding to soil particles". PLOS Pathog. 3 (7): e93. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030093. PMC 1904474. PMID 17616973.
Carp RI, Meekerl HC, Rubenstein R, Sigurdarson S, Papini M, Kascsak RJ, Kozlowski PB, Wisniewski HM (January 2000). "Characteristics of scrapie isolates derived from hay mites". Journal of Neurovirology. 6 (2): 137–144. doi:10.3109/13550280009013157. PMID 10822327. S2CID 16441609.
Johnson CJ, Phillips KE, Schramm PT, McKenzie D, Aiken JM, Pedersen JA (2006-04-14). "Prions Adhere to Soil Minerals and Remain Infectious". PLOS Pathogens. 2 (4): e32. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020032. ISSN 1553-7374. PMC 1435987. PMID 16617377.
Johnson CJ, et al. (2011). "Degradation of the disease-associated prion protein by a serine protease from lichens". PLOS ONE. 6 (5): e19836. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...619836J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019836. PMC 3092769. PMID 21589935.
Laplanche J, Chatelain J, Westaway D, Thomas S, Dussaucy M, Brugere-Picoux J, Launay J (January 1993). "PrP Polymorphisms Associated with Natural Scrapie Discovered by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis". Genomics. 15 (1): 30–37. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1006. ISSN 0888-7543. PMID 8094373.
Goldmann W, Hunter N, Foster JD, Salbaum JM, Beyreuther K, Hope J (1990-04-01). "Two alleles of a neural protein gene linked to scrapie in sheep". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 87 (7): 2476–2480. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.2476G. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.7.2476. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 53712. PMID 1969635.
Goldmann W, Hunter N, Benson G, Foster JD, Hope J (1991). "Different scrapie-associated fibril proteins (PrP) are encoded by lines of sheep selected for different alleles of the Sip gene". Journal of General Virology. 72 (10): 2411–2417. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-72-10-2411. PMID 1681027.
Clouscard C, Beaudry P, Elsen JM, Milan D, Dussaucy M, Bounneau C, Schelcher F, Chatelain J, Launay JM (1995). "Different allelic effects of the codons 136 and 171 of the prion protein gene in sheep with natural scrapie". Journal of General Virology. 76 (8): 2097–2101. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-76-8-2097. PMID 7636494.
Westaway D, Zuliani V, Cooper CM, Costa MD, Neuman S, Jenny AL, Detwiler L, Prusiner SB (1994-04-15). "Homozygosity for prion protein alleles encoding glutamine-171 renders sheep susceptible to natural scrapie". Genes & Development. 8 (8): 959–969. doi:10.1101/gad.8.8.959. ISSN 0890-9369. PMID 7926780.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Comoy E, Mikol J, Luccantoni-Freire S (2015). "Transmission of scrapie prions to primate after an extended silent incubation period". Scientific Reports. 5: 11573. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511573C. doi:10.1038/srep11573. PMC 4485159. PMID 26123044.
Konold Moore, Bellworthy Simmons (2008). "Evidence of scrapie transmission via milk". BMC Veterinary Research. 4: 16. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-4-16. PMC 2390527. PMID 18445253.
O'Rourke KI, Duncan JV, Logan JR, et al. (2002). "Active surveillance for scrapie by third eyelid biopsy and genetic susceptibility testing of flocks of sheep in Wyoming". Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9 (5): 966–71. doi:10.1128/CDLI.9.5.966-971.2002. PMC 120069. PMID 12204945.
Saunders SE, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Jason C. Bartz (2008). "Prions in the environment". Prion. 2 (4): 162–169. doi:10.4161/pri.2.4.7951. PMC 2658766. PMID 19242120.
Seidel B, Thomzig A, Buschmann A, Groschup M, Peters R, Beekes M, Terytze K (9 May 2007). "Scrapie Agent (Strain 263K) Can Transmit Disease via the Oral Route after Persistence in Soil Over Years". PLOS One. 2 (5): e435. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..435S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000435. PMC 1855989. PMID 17502917.
Terry L, et al. (18 May 2011). "Detection of Prions in the feces of sheep naturally infected with classical scrapie". Veterinary Research. 42 (65): 65. doi:10.1186/1297-9716-42-65. PMC 3112104. PMID 21592355.
Pederson J, et al. (July 2007). "Oral transmissibility of prion disease is enhanced by binding to soil particles". PLOS Pathog. 3 (7): e93. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030093. PMC 1904474. PMID 17616973.
Johnson CJ, Phillips KE, Schramm PT, McKenzie D, Aiken JM, Pedersen JA (2006-04-14). "Prions Adhere to Soil Minerals and Remain Infectious". PLOS Pathogens. 2 (4): e32. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020032. ISSN 1553-7374. PMC 1435987. PMID 16617377.
Johnson CJ, et al. (2011). "Degradation of the disease-associated prion protein by a serine protease from lichens". PLOS ONE. 6 (5): e19836. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...619836J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019836. PMC 3092769. PMID 21589935.
Goldmann W, Hunter N, Foster JD, Salbaum JM, Beyreuther K, Hope J (1990-04-01). "Two alleles of a neural protein gene linked to scrapie in sheep". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 87 (7): 2476–2480. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.2476G. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.7.2476. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 53712. PMID 1969635.

oie.int

web.oie.int

Detwiler LA, Baylis M (2003). "The epidemiology of scrapie" (PDF). Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 22 (1): 121–43. doi:10.20506/rst.22.1.1386. PMID 12793776. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-08. Retrieved 2016-11-28.

oie.int

DETWILER L. "Scrapie (USDA publication)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2018-04-13.

ovid.com

insights.ovid.com

Richard Rubenstein, Binggong Chang, Perry Gray, Martin Piltch, Marie S. Bulgin, Sharon Sorensen-Melson, Michael W. Miller. "SOFIA: An Assay Platform for Ultrasensitive Detection of PrPSc in Brain and Blood" (PDF). SUNY Downstate Medical Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
"SOFIA: An Assay Platform for Ultrasensitive Detection of PrPSc in Brain and Blood". Prion. 5: 138–139. April 2011 – via Ovid.

producer.com

"National scrapie plan urged". July 10, 2003.

sciencedirect.com

Belay ED, Schonberger LB (2008-01-01), "Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies", in Mahy BW, Van Regenmortel MH (eds.), Encyclopedia of Virology (Third Edition), vol. 233, Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 186–193, doi:10.1016/b978-012374410-4.00557-4, ISBN 978-0-12-374410-4, PMID 19046027, retrieved 2023-06-06

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Cassard H, Torres JM, Lacroux C, Douet JY, Benestad SL, Lantier F, Lugan S, Lantier I, Costes P, Aron N, Reine F, Herzog L, Espinosa JC, Beringue V, Andréoletti O (2014-12-16). "Evidence for zoonotic potential of ovine scrapie prions". Nature Communications. 5: 5821. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.5821C. doi:10.1038/ncomms6821. hdl:20.500.12792/5784. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 25510416. S2CID 205333618.
Foster JD, Parnham D, Chong A, Goldmann W, Hunter N (2001). "Clinical signs, histopathology and genetics of experimental transmission of BSE and natural scrapie to sheep and goats". Vet. Rec. 148 (6): 165–71. doi:10.1136/vr.148.6.165. PMID 11258721. S2CID 43497666.
Heim D, Kihm U (2003). "Risk management of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in Europe". Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 22 (1): 179–99. doi:10.20506/rst.22.1.1392. PMID 12793779. S2CID 20893064.
Caramelli M, Ru G, Casalone C, Bozzetta E, Acutis PL, Calella A, Forloni G (2001-04-28). "Evidence for the transmission of scrapie to sheep and goats from a vaccine against Mycoplasma agalactiae". The Veterinary Record. 148 (17): 531–536. doi:10.1136/vr.148.17.531. PMID 11354646. S2CID 41220613.
Zanusso G, Casalone C, Acutis P, Bozzetta E, Farinazzo A, Gelati M, Fiorini M, Forloni G, Sy MS (April 2003). "Molecular analysis of iatrogenic scrapie in Italy". The Journal of General Virology. 84 (Pt 4): 1047–1052. doi:10.1099/vir.0.18774-0. ISSN 0022-1317. PMID 12655108. S2CID 25077051.
Agrimi U, Ru G, Cardone F, Pocchiari M, Caramelli M (1999-02-13). "Epidemic of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in sheep and goats in Italy". Lancet. 353 (9152): 560–561. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)04545-0. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 10028993. S2CID 8624669.
Carp RI, Meekerl HC, Rubenstein R, Sigurdarson S, Papini M, Kascsak RJ, Kozlowski PB, Wisniewski HM (January 2000). "Characteristics of scrapie isolates derived from hay mites". Journal of Neurovirology. 6 (2): 137–144. doi:10.3109/13550280009013157. PMID 10822327. S2CID 16441609.

sgm.ac.uk

"Detecting Prions in Blood" (PDF). Microbiology Today: 195. August 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2011-08-21.

the-medical-dictionary.com

"Scrapie: Scrapie transmission via vaccine - Shorts at The Medical Dictionary". the-medical-dictionary.com. Retrieved 2018-04-13.

unl.edu

digitalcommons.unl.edu

O'Rourke KI, Duncan JV, Logan JR, et al. (2002). "Active surveillance for scrapie by third eyelid biopsy and genetic susceptibility testing of flocks of sheep in Wyoming". Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9 (5): 966–71. doi:10.1128/CDLI.9.5.966-971.2002. PMC 120069. PMID 12204945.

usda.gov

aphis.usda.gov

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (June 2, 2020). "Scrapie Disease Information". U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (June 2, 2020). "Scrapie". U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
"Scrapie". Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
"Scrapie Eradication Uniform Methods and Rules" (PDF).

web.archive.org

National Scrapie Education Initiative. "Scrapie Fact Sheet". National Institute for Animal Agriculture. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
Rolf G. "From Sheep to Humans: Scrapie and Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease". Ecclectica. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
Detwiler LA, Baylis M (2003). "The epidemiology of scrapie" (PDF). Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 22 (1): 121–43. doi:10.20506/rst.22.1.1386. PMID 12793776. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-08. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
"Detecting Prions in Blood" (PDF). Microbiology Today: 195. August 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
Richard Rubenstein, Binggong Chang, Perry Gray, Martin Piltch, Marie S. Bulgin, Sharon Sorensen-Melson, Michael W. Miller. "SOFIA: An Assay Platform for Ultrasensitive Detection of PrPSc in Brain and Blood" (PDF). SUNY Downstate Medical Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
"SOFIA: An Assay Platform for Ultrasensitive Detection of PrPSc in Brain and Blood". Prion. 5: 138–139. April 2011 – via Ovid.
DETWILER L. "Scrapie (USDA publication)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2018-04-13.

who.int

World Health Organization, 1999. WHO consultation on public health and animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: epidemiology, risk and research requirements, with the participation of the Office International des Epizooties. [1]^{[dead link‍]} Accessed 7 March 2005. http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/bse/en/whocdscsraph20002.pdf.

wikivet.net

en.wikivet.net

"Scrapie - WikiVet English". en.wikivet.net. Retrieved 2023-06-06.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Cassard H, Torres JM, Lacroux C, Douet JY, Benestad SL, Lantier F, Lugan S, Lantier I, Costes P, Aron N, Reine F, Herzog L, Espinosa JC, Beringue V, Andréoletti O (2014-12-16). "Evidence for zoonotic potential of ovine scrapie prions". Nature Communications. 5: 5821. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.5821C. doi:10.1038/ncomms6821. hdl:20.500.12792/5784. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 25510416. S2CID 205333618.
Zanusso G, Casalone C, Acutis P, Bozzetta E, Farinazzo A, Gelati M, Fiorini M, Forloni G, Sy MS (April 2003). "Molecular analysis of iatrogenic scrapie in Italy". The Journal of General Virology. 84 (Pt 4): 1047–1052. doi:10.1099/vir.0.18774-0. ISSN 0022-1317. PMID 12655108. S2CID 25077051.
Agrimi U, Ru G, Cardone F, Pocchiari M, Caramelli M (1999-02-13). "Epidemic of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in sheep and goats in Italy". Lancet. 353 (9152): 560–561. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)04545-0. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 10028993. S2CID 8624669.
Johnson CJ, Phillips KE, Schramm PT, McKenzie D, Aiken JM, Pedersen JA (2006-04-14). "Prions Adhere to Soil Minerals and Remain Infectious". PLOS Pathogens. 2 (4): e32. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020032. ISSN 1553-7374. PMC 1435987. PMID 16617377.
Laplanche J, Chatelain J, Westaway D, Thomas S, Dussaucy M, Brugere-Picoux J, Launay J (January 1993). "PrP Polymorphisms Associated with Natural Scrapie Discovered by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis". Genomics. 15 (1): 30–37. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1006. ISSN 0888-7543. PMID 8094373.
CABI (2022-01-07). "scrapie". CABI Compendium. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.64847. ISSN 2958-3969.
Goldmann W, Hunter N, Foster JD, Salbaum JM, Beyreuther K, Hope J (1990-04-01). "Two alleles of a neural protein gene linked to scrapie in sheep". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 87 (7): 2476–2480. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.2476G. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.7.2476. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 53712. PMID 1969635.
Westaway D, Zuliani V, Cooper CM, Costa MD, Neuman S, Jenny AL, Detwiler L, Prusiner SB (1994-04-15). "Homozygosity for prion protein alleles encoding glutamine-171 renders sheep susceptible to natural scrapie". Genes & Development. 8 (8): 959–969. doi:10.1101/gad.8.8.959. ISSN 0890-9369. PMID 7926780.