Screen time (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Screen time" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

51nih.gov

4^th place

37doi.org

2^nd place

10semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

10worldcat.org

5^th place

5web.archive.org

1^st place

5commonsensemedia.org

1,490^th place

810^th place

5harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

5aap.org

low place

2nytimes.com

7^th place

2sleep.org

low place

2handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

1merriam-webster.com

209^th place

191^st place

1time.com

61^st place

54^th place

1zenodo.org

621^st place

380^th place

1statista.com

776^th place

844^th place

1imagescape.com

low place

1dcmp.org

low place

1theconversation.com

928^th place

651^st place

1washingtonpost.com

34^th place

27^th place

1alaskasleep.com

low place

1businessinsider.com

140^th place

115^th place

1journalistsresource.org

low place

1kcl.ac.uk

3,833^rd place

2,331^st place

1npr.org

92^nd place

72^nd place

1psychologytoday.com

1,544^th place

1,128^th place

1sciencenewsforstudents.org

low place

1scripps.org

low place

1ecowatch.com

low place

9,841^st place

1lww.com

2,769^th place

3,314^th place

1elsevier.com

610^th place

704^th place

1ucla.edu

782^nd place

585^th place

1healio.com

low place

1sagepub.com

731^st place

638^th place

1tandfonline.com

507^th place

429^th place

1sciencedaily.com

993^rd place

920^th place

1naaee.org

low place

1theshiftproject.org

low place

1files.wordpress.com

869^th place

864^th place

1sankey-diagrams.com

low place

1cdc.gov

218^th place

212^th place

1who.int

195^th place

302^nd place

aap.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

publications.aap.org

Brown, Ari (November 2011). "Media Use by Children Younger Than 2 Years". Pediatrics. 128 (5): 1040–1045. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1753. PMID 22007002. S2CID 7963981. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
Anderson, C. A.; Bushman, B. J.; Bartholow, B. D.; Cantor, J.; et al. (2017). "Screen violence and youth behavior". Pediatrics. 140 (Suppl 2): S142 – S147. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1758t. PMID 29093050. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
Sharif, Iman; Sargent, James (2006). "Association Between Television, Movies, and Video Game Exposure and School Performance". Pediatrics. 118 (4): 1061–1070. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2854. PMID 17015499. S2CID 6311996 – via AAP Publications.

aap.org

"American Academy of Pediatrics Announces New Recommendations for Children's Media Use". www.aap.org. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
"American Academy of Pediatrics Announces New Recommendations for Children's Media Use". AAP.org. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

alaskasleep.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hines, Jennifer. "Why Too Much Screen Time Can Lead to Sleep Deprivation for Alaskans". www.alaskasleep.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.

businessinsider.com (Global: 140^th place; English: 115^th place)

Anderson, David; Wilkin, Rebecca. "What staring at a screen all day does to your brain and body". Business Insider. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

cdc.gov (Global: 218^th place; English: 212^th place)

"HIOPS for Screen Time Limits". Early Care Education. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 28 November 2025.

commonsensemedia.org (Global: 1,490^th place; English: 810^th place)

Rideout, Vicky (2017). "The Common sense census: Media use by kids age zero to eight". Common Sense Media.
Rideout, Vicky; Robb, Michael B. (2019). "The Common Sense census: Media use by tweens and teens, 2019". Common Sense Media.
Rideout, Vicky (2011). "Zero to eight: Children's use in America, 2011". Common Sense Media. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
Robb, Michael B. (2018). "The new normal: Parents, teens, screens, and sleep in the United States". Common Sense Media.
Robb, Michael B.; Bay, Willow; Vennegaard, Tina (2019). "The new normal: Parents, teens, and mobile devices in Mexico". Common Sense Media.

dcmp.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rideout, Vicky; Lauricella, Alexis; Wartella, Ellen (2011). "Children, Media, and Race: Media Use Among White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian American Children". Described and Captioned Media Program. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Stiglic, Neza; Viner, Russell M (3 January 2019). "Effects of screen time on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews". BMJ Open. 9 (1) e023191. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191. PMC 6326346. PMID 30606703.
"The Cathode Ray Tube and its Applications". Nature. 150 (3794): 74. July 1942. Bibcode:1942Natur.150S..74.. doi:10.1038/150074d0. S2CID 39816863.
Christensen, Matthew A.; Bettencourt, Laura; Kaye, Leanne; Moturu, Sai T.; Nguyen, Kaylin T.; Olgin, Jeffrey E.; Pletcher, Mark J.; Marcus, Gregory M.; Romigi, Andrea (9 November 2016). "Direct Measurements of Smartphone Screen-Time: Relationships with Demographics and Sleep". PLOS ONE. 11 (11) e0165331. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1165331C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165331. PMC 5102460. PMID 27829040.
Saunders, Travis J.; Vallance, Jeff K. (31 October 2016). "Screen Time and Health Indicators Among Children and Youth: Current Evidence, Limitations and Future Directions". Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. 15 (3): 323–331. doi:10.1007/s40258-016-0289-3. PMID 27798796. S2CID 4756037.
Resende, M. A.; Da Fonseca, M. L.; De Freitas, J. T.; Gesteira, E. C.; Rossato, L. M. (2024). "Impacts caused by the use of screens during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents: an integrative review". PMC (National Institutes of Health). 42 e2022181. National Institutes of Health. doi:10.1590/1984-0462/2024/42/2022181. PMC 10593405.
Resende, Maria Alice Aparecida; Fonseca, Mariana Luiza da; Freitas, Jéssica Tertuliano de; Gesteira, Elaine Cristina Rodrigues; Rossato, Lisabelle Mariano (2024). "Impacts caused by the use of screens during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents: an integrative review". Revista Paulista de Pediatria. 42 e2022181. doi:10.1590/1984-0462/2024/42/2022181. ISSN 1984-0462. PMC 10593405.
Blume, Christine; Garbazza, Corrado; Spitschan, Manuel (2019). "Effects of light on human circadian rhythms, sleep and mood". Somnologie. 23 (3): 147–156. doi:10.1007/s11818-019-00215-x. ISSN 1432-9123. PMC 6751071. PMID 31534436.
Cain, Neralie; Gradisar, Michael (15 February 2010). "Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: a review". Sleep Medicine. 11 (8): 735–742. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.02.006. PMID 20673649.
Carter, Ben; Rees, Philippa; Hale, Lauren; Bhattacharjee, Darsharna; Paradkar, Mandar S. (1 December 2016). "Association Between Portable Screen-Based Media Device Access or Use and Sleep Outcomes" (PDF). JAMA Pediatrics. 170 (12): 1202–1208. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.2341. PMC 5380441. PMID 27802500.
Foerster, Milena; Henneke, Andrea; Chetty-Mhlanga, Shala; Röösli, Martin (12 February 2019). "Impact of Adolescents' Screen Time and Nocturnal Mobile Phone-Related Awakenings on Sleep and General Health Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16 (3): 518. doi:10.3390/ijerph16030518. PMC 6388165. PMID 30759792.
Banks, Emily; Jorm, Louisa; Rogers, Kris; Clements, Mark; Bauman, Adrian (22 April 2010). "Screen-time, obesity, ageing and disability: findings from 91 266 participants in the 45 and Up Study". Public Health Nutrition. 14 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1017/S1368980010000674. hdl:1885/33646. PMID 20409356.
Boone, Janne E; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Adair, Linda S; Popkin, Barry M (2007). "Screen time and physical activity during adolescence: longitudinal effects on obesity in young adulthood". International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 4 (1): 26. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-4-26. PMC 1906831. PMID 17559668.
Celis-Morales, Carlos A.; Lyall, Donald M.; Steell, Lewis; Gray, Stuart R.; Iliodromiti, Stamatina; Anderson, Jana; Mackay, Daniel F.; Welsh, Paul; Yates, Thomas; Pell, Jill P.; Sattar, Naveed; Gill, Jason M. R. (24 May 2018). "Associations of discretionary screen time with mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer are attenuated by strength, fitness and physical activity: findings from the UK Biobank study". BMC Medicine. 16 (1): 77. doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1063-1. ISSN 1741-7015. PMC 5966877. PMID 29792209.
Peck, Travis; Scharf, Rebecca J.; Conaway, Mark R.; DeBoer, Mark D. (2015). "Viewing as little as 1 hour of TV daily is associated with higher change in BMI between kindergarten and first grade". Obesity. 23 (8): 1680–1686. doi:10.1002/oby.21132. ISSN 1930-739X. PMID 26179163. S2CID 22305164.
Rosen, L.D.; Lim, A.F.; Felt, J.; Carrier, L.M.; Cheever, N.A.; Lara-Ruiz, J.M.; Mendoza, J.S.; Rokkum, J. (June 2014). "Media and technology use predicts ill-being among children, preteens and teenagers independent of the negative health impacts of exercise and eating habits". Computers in Human Behavior. 35: 364–375. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.036. PMC 4338000. PMID 25717216.
Santos, Renata Maria Silva; Mendes, Camila Guimarães; Sen Bressani, Guilherme Yanq; de Alcantara Ventura, Samara; de Almeida Nogueira, Yago Jean; de Miranda, Débora Marques; Romano-Silva, Marco Aurélio (20 April 2023). "The associations between screen time and mental health in adolescents: a systematic review". BMC Psychology. 11 (1): 127. doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01166-7. ISSN 2050-7283. PMC 10117262. PMID 37081557.
Madhav, K.C.; Sherchand, Shardulendra Prasad; Sherchan, Samendra (December 2017). "Association between screen time and depression among US adults". Preventive Medicine Reports. 8: 67–71. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.08.005. PMC 5574844. PMID 28879072.
LeBlanc, Allana G.; Spence, John C.; Carson, Valerie; Connor Gorber, Sarah; Dillman, Carrie; Janssen, Ian; Kho, Michelle E.; Stearns, Jodie A.; Timmons, Brian W.; Tremblay, Mark S. (August 2012). "Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in the early years (aged 0–4 years)". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 37 (4): 753–772. doi:10.1139/h2012-063. PMID 22765839.
Byeon, Haewon; Hong, Saemi; Lin, Haotian (18 March 2015). "Relationship between Television Viewing and Language Delay in Toddlers: Evidence from a Korea National Cross-Sectional Survey". PLOS ONE. 10 (3) e0120663. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1020663B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120663. PMC 4365020. PMID 25785449.
Hutton, John S.; Dudley, Jonathan; Horowitz-Kraus, Tzipi; DeWitt, Tom; Holland, Scott K. (4 November 2019). "Associations Between Screen-Based Media Use and Brain White Matter Integrity in Preschool-Aged Children". JAMA Pediatrics. 174 (1): e193869. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3869. PMC 6830442. PMID 31682712.
Sisson, Susan B.; Church, Timothy S.; Martin, Corby K.; Tudor-Locke, Catrine; et al. (January 2009). "Profiles of sedentary behavior in children and adolescents: The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2006". International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. 4 (4): 353–359. doi:10.3109/17477160902934777. PMC 2891818. PMID 19922052.
Beal, Judy A. (July–August 2020). "Screen Time and Toddlers: New Evidence on Potentially Negative Effects". MCN. 45 (4): 241. doi:10.1097/NMC.0000000000000632. PMID 32604184. S2CID 220287589. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
Brown, Ari (November 2011). "Media Use by Children Younger Than 2 Years". Pediatrics. 128 (5): 1040–1045. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1753. PMID 22007002. S2CID 7963981. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
Fitzpatrick, Caroline; Pan, Pedro Mario; Lemieux, Annie; Harvey, Elizabeth; Rocha, Fabricio de Andrade; Garon-Carrier, Gabrielle (1 October 2024). "Early-Childhood Tablet Use and Outbursts of Anger". JAMA Pediatrics. 178 (10): 1035–1040. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.2511. ISSN 2168-6203. PMC 11320330. PMID 39133514.
Qu, Guangbo; Hu, Wenjing; Meng, Jia; Wang, Xingyue; Su, Wenqi; Liu, Haixia; Ma, Shaodi; Sun, Chenyu; Huang, Christy; Lowe, Scott; Sun, Yehuan (2023). "Association between screen time and developmental and behavioral problems among children in the United States: evidence from 2018 to 2020 NSCH". Journal of Psychiatric Research. 161: 140–149. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.014. PMID 36924568.
Sisson, Susan B.; Broyles, Stephanie T.; Baker, Birgitta L.; Katzmarzyk, Peter T. (September 2010). "Screen Time, Physical Activity, and Overweight in U.S. Youth: National Survey of Children's Health 2003". Journal of Adolescent Health. 47 (3): 309–311. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.02.016. PMID 20708572.
Muppalla, Sudheer Kumar; Vuppalapati, Sravya; Reddy Pulliahgaru, Apeksha; Sreenivasulu, Himabindu (18 June 2023). "Effects of Excessive Screen Time on Child Development: An Updated Review and Strategies for Management". Cureus. 15 (6) e40608. doi:10.7759/cureus.40608. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 10353947. PMID 37476119.
Anderson, C. A.; Bushman, B. J.; Bartholow, B. D.; Cantor, J.; et al. (2017). "Screen violence and youth behavior". Pediatrics. 140 (Suppl 2): S142 – S147. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1758t. PMID 29093050. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
Adelantado-Renau, Mireia (26 September 2019). "Not all screen time negatively affects kids' academic achievement". JAMA Pediatrics. 173 (11): 1058–1067. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3176. PMC 6764013. PMID 31545344. S2CID 202730903. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
Cerniglia, Luca; Cimino, Silvia; Ammaniti, Massimo (2020). "What are the effects of screen time on emotion regulation and academic achievements? A three-wave longitudinal study on children from 4 to 8 years of age". Journal of Early Childhood Research. 19 (2): 145–160. doi:10.1177/1476718X20969846. hdl:11573/1466382. S2CID 230612549 – via ECR.
Sharif, Iman; Sargent, James (2006). "Association Between Television, Movies, and Video Game Exposure and School Performance". Pediatrics. 118 (4): 1061–1070. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2854. PMID 17015499. S2CID 6311996 – via AAP Publications.
Choi, Miyoung; Park, Sunghee (22 October 2019). "The Mediating Effects of Academic Performance between Screen Time, Executive Function Difficulty, and School Adjustment". Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing. 43 (4): 334–347. doi:10.1080/24694193.2019.1675805. PMID 31638438. S2CID 204833517.
Floyd, M. F.; Stevenson, K. T.; Stephens, L. E.; Bowers, E. P.; Szczytko, R.; Larson, L. R. (2018). "Outdoor time, screen time, and connection to nature: Troubling trends among rural youth?". Environment and Behavior. 51 (8): 966–991. doi:10.1177/0013916518806686. S2CID 149504052. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
Oswald, Tassia K.; Rumbold, Alice R.; Kedzior, Sophie G. E.; Moore, Vivienne M. (4 September 2020). "Psychological impacts of "screen time" and "green time" for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review". PLOS ONE. 15 (9) e0237725. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1537725O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237725. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7473739. PMID 32886665.
Duch, Helena; Fisher, Elisa; Ensari, Ipek; Harrington, Alison (23 August 2013). "Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates". International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity. 10 (102). doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-102. PMC 3844496.
Radesky, Jenny; Christakis, Dimitri (2016). "Media and Young Minds". Pediatrics. 138 (5): e20162591. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2591. PMID 27940793.
Moreno, Megan A.; Chassiakos, Yolanda (Linda) Reid; Cross, Corinn (2016). "Media Use in School-Aged Children and Adolescents". Pediatrics. 138 (5): e20162592. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2592. PMID 27940794.

ecowatch.com (Global: low place; English: 9,841^st place)

Nickerson, Sam (8 November 2019). "Too Much Screen Time May Be Slowing Childhood Brain Development". Ecowatch. Retrieved 10 November 2019.

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Qu, Guangbo; Hu, Wenjing; Meng, Jia; Wang, Xingyue; Su, Wenqi; Liu, Haixia; Ma, Shaodi; Sun, Chenyu; Huang, Christy; Lowe, Scott; Sun, Yehuan (2023). "Association between screen time and developmental and behavioral problems among children in the United States: evidence from 2018 to 2020 NSCH". Journal of Psychiatric Research. 161: 140–149. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.014. PMID 36924568.

files.wordpress.com (Global: 869^th place; English: 864^th place)

ingmarschumacher.files.wordpress.com

"World GHG Emissions Flow Chart 2010" (PDF). Ecofys. Retrieved 5 July 2020.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Banks, Emily; Jorm, Louisa; Rogers, Kris; Clements, Mark; Bauman, Adrian (22 April 2010). "Screen-time, obesity, ageing and disability: findings from 91 266 participants in the 45 and Up Study". Public Health Nutrition. 14 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1017/S1368980010000674. hdl:1885/33646. PMID 20409356.
Cerniglia, Luca; Cimino, Silvia; Ammaniti, Massimo (2020). "What are the effects of screen time on emotion regulation and academic achievements? A three-wave longitudinal study on children from 4 to 8 years of age". Journal of Early Childhood Research. 19 (2): 145–160. doi:10.1177/1476718X20969846. hdl:11573/1466382. S2CID 230612549 – via ECR.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

"The Cathode Ray Tube and its Applications". Nature. 150 (3794): 74. July 1942. Bibcode:1942Natur.150S..74.. doi:10.1038/150074d0. S2CID 39816863.
Christensen, Matthew A.; Bettencourt, Laura; Kaye, Leanne; Moturu, Sai T.; Nguyen, Kaylin T.; Olgin, Jeffrey E.; Pletcher, Mark J.; Marcus, Gregory M.; Romigi, Andrea (9 November 2016). "Direct Measurements of Smartphone Screen-Time: Relationships with Demographics and Sleep". PLOS ONE. 11 (11) e0165331. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1165331C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165331. PMC 5102460. PMID 27829040.
Byeon, Haewon; Hong, Saemi; Lin, Haotian (18 March 2015). "Relationship between Television Viewing and Language Delay in Toddlers: Evidence from a Korea National Cross-Sectional Survey". PLOS ONE. 10 (3) e0120663. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1020663B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120663. PMC 4365020. PMID 25785449.
Oswald, Tassia K.; Rumbold, Alice R.; Kedzior, Sophie G. E.; Moore, Vivienne M. (4 September 2020). "Psychological impacts of "screen time" and "green time" for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review". PLOS ONE. 15 (9) e0237725. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1537725O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237725. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7473739. PMID 32886665.

hsph.harvard.edu

"Television Watching and "Sit Time"". Obesity Prevention Source. 21 October 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

healio.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Adelantado-Renau, Mireia (26 September 2019). "Not all screen time negatively affects kids' academic achievement". JAMA Pediatrics. 173 (11): 1058–1067. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3176. PMC 6764013. PMID 31545344. S2CID 202730903. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

imagescape.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

osf-blog.live.imagescape.com

"Kids' screen time: How much is too much?". osf-blog.live.imagescape.com. Retrieved 2 December 2025.

journalistsresource.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Reichel, Chloe (14 May 2019). "The health effects of screen time on children: A research roundup". Journalist's Resource. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

kcl.ac.uk (Global: 3,833^rd place; English: 2,331^st place)

kclpure.kcl.ac.uk

Carter, Ben; Rees, Philippa; Hale, Lauren; Bhattacharjee, Darsharna; Paradkar, Mandar S. (1 December 2016). "Association Between Portable Screen-Based Media Device Access or Use and Sleep Outcomes" (PDF). JAMA Pediatrics. 170 (12): 1202–1208. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.2341. PMC 5380441. PMID 27802500.

lww.com (Global: 2,769^th place; English: 3,314^th place)

journals.lww.com

Beal, Judy A. (July–August 2020). "Screen Time and Toddlers: New Evidence on Potentially Negative Effects". MCN. 45 (4): 241. doi:10.1097/NMC.0000000000000632. PMID 32604184. S2CID 220287589. Retrieved 2 May 2023.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

"Definition of SCREEN TIME". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

naaee.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Floyd, M. F.; Stevenson, K. T.; Stephens, L. E.; Bowers, E. P.; Szczytko, R.; Larson, L. R. (2018). "Outdoor time, screen time, and connection to nature: Troubling trends among rural youth?". Environment and Behavior. 51 (8): 966–991. doi:10.1177/0013916518806686. S2CID 149504052. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stiglic, Neza; Viner, Russell M (3 January 2019). "Effects of screen time on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews". BMJ Open. 9 (1) e023191. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191. PMC 6326346. PMID 30606703.
Christensen, Matthew A.; Bettencourt, Laura; Kaye, Leanne; Moturu, Sai T.; Nguyen, Kaylin T.; Olgin, Jeffrey E.; Pletcher, Mark J.; Marcus, Gregory M.; Romigi, Andrea (9 November 2016). "Direct Measurements of Smartphone Screen-Time: Relationships with Demographics and Sleep". PLOS ONE. 11 (11) e0165331. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1165331C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165331. PMC 5102460. PMID 27829040.
Saunders, Travis J.; Vallance, Jeff K. (31 October 2016). "Screen Time and Health Indicators Among Children and Youth: Current Evidence, Limitations and Future Directions". Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. 15 (3): 323–331. doi:10.1007/s40258-016-0289-3. PMID 27798796. S2CID 4756037.
Blume, Christine; Garbazza, Corrado; Spitschan, Manuel (2019). "Effects of light on human circadian rhythms, sleep and mood". Somnologie. 23 (3): 147–156. doi:10.1007/s11818-019-00215-x. ISSN 1432-9123. PMC 6751071. PMID 31534436.
Cain, Neralie; Gradisar, Michael (15 February 2010). "Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: a review". Sleep Medicine. 11 (8): 735–742. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.02.006. PMID 20673649.
Carter, Ben; Rees, Philippa; Hale, Lauren; Bhattacharjee, Darsharna; Paradkar, Mandar S. (1 December 2016). "Association Between Portable Screen-Based Media Device Access or Use and Sleep Outcomes" (PDF). JAMA Pediatrics. 170 (12): 1202–1208. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.2341. PMC 5380441. PMID 27802500.
Foerster, Milena; Henneke, Andrea; Chetty-Mhlanga, Shala; Röösli, Martin (12 February 2019). "Impact of Adolescents' Screen Time and Nocturnal Mobile Phone-Related Awakenings on Sleep and General Health Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16 (3): 518. doi:10.3390/ijerph16030518. PMC 6388165. PMID 30759792.
Banks, Emily; Jorm, Louisa; Rogers, Kris; Clements, Mark; Bauman, Adrian (22 April 2010). "Screen-time, obesity, ageing and disability: findings from 91 266 participants in the 45 and Up Study". Public Health Nutrition. 14 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1017/S1368980010000674. hdl:1885/33646. PMID 20409356.
Boone, Janne E; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Adair, Linda S; Popkin, Barry M (2007). "Screen time and physical activity during adolescence: longitudinal effects on obesity in young adulthood". International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 4 (1): 26. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-4-26. PMC 1906831. PMID 17559668.
Celis-Morales, Carlos A.; Lyall, Donald M.; Steell, Lewis; Gray, Stuart R.; Iliodromiti, Stamatina; Anderson, Jana; Mackay, Daniel F.; Welsh, Paul; Yates, Thomas; Pell, Jill P.; Sattar, Naveed; Gill, Jason M. R. (24 May 2018). "Associations of discretionary screen time with mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer are attenuated by strength, fitness and physical activity: findings from the UK Biobank study". BMC Medicine. 16 (1): 77. doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1063-1. ISSN 1741-7015. PMC 5966877. PMID 29792209.
Peck, Travis; Scharf, Rebecca J.; Conaway, Mark R.; DeBoer, Mark D. (2015). "Viewing as little as 1 hour of TV daily is associated with higher change in BMI between kindergarten and first grade". Obesity. 23 (8): 1680–1686. doi:10.1002/oby.21132. ISSN 1930-739X. PMID 26179163. S2CID 22305164.
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businessinsider.com (Global: 140th place; English: 115th place)

cdc.gov (Global: 218th place; English: 212th place)

commonsensemedia.org (Global: 1,490th place; English: 810th place)

dcmp.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

ecowatch.com (Global: low place; English: 9,841st place)

elsevier.com (Global: 610th place; English: 704th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

files.wordpress.com (Global: 869th place; English: 864th place)

ingmarschumacher.files.wordpress.com

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

hsph.harvard.edu

healio.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

imagescape.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

osf-blog.live.imagescape.com

journalistsresource.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

kcl.ac.uk (Global: 3,833rd place; English: 2,331st place)

kclpure.kcl.ac.uk

lww.com (Global: 2,769th place; English: 3,314th place)

journals.lww.com

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209th place; English: 191st place)

naaee.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

npr.org (Global: 92nd place; English: 72nd place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

psychologytoday.com (Global: 1,544th place; English: 1,128th place)

sagepub.com (Global: 731st place; English: 638th place)

journals.sagepub.com

sankey-diagrams.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 993rd place; English: 920th place)

sciencenewsforstudents.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

scripps.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sleep.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

statista.com (Global: 776th place; English: 844th place)

tandfonline.com (Global: 507th place; English: 429th place)

theconversation.com (Global: 928th place; English: 651st place)

theshiftproject.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

time.com (Global: 61st place; English: 54th place)

ucla.edu (Global: 782nd place; English: 585th place)

newsroom.ucla.edu

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34th place; English: 27th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

who.int (Global: 195th place; English: 302nd place)

apps.who.int

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

zenodo.org (Global: 621st place; English: 380th place)

businessinsider.com (Global: 140^th place; English: 115^th place)

cdc.gov (Global: 218^th place; English: 212^th place)

commonsensemedia.org (Global: 1,490^th place; English: 810^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ecowatch.com (Global: low place; English: 9,841^st place)

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

files.wordpress.com (Global: 869^th place; English: 864^th place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

kcl.ac.uk (Global: 3,833^rd place; English: 2,331^st place)

lww.com (Global: 2,769^th place; English: 3,314^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

psychologytoday.com (Global: 1,544^th place; English: 1,128^th place)

sagepub.com (Global: 731^st place; English: 638^th place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 993^rd place; English: 920^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

statista.com (Global: 776^th place; English: 844^th place)

tandfonline.com (Global: 507^th place; English: 429^th place)

theconversation.com (Global: 928^th place; English: 651^st place)

time.com (Global: 61^st place; English: 54^th place)

ucla.edu (Global: 782^nd place; English: 585^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

who.int (Global: 195^th place; English: 302^nd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)