Theatre (English Wikipedia)

See the entries for "opera", "musical theatre, American", "melodrama" and "Nō" in Banham 1998 Banham, Martin, ed. (1998) [1995]. The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.
While there is some dispute among theatre historians, it is probable that the plays by the Roman Seneca were not intended to be performed. Manfred by Byron is a good example of a "dramatic poem". See the entries on "Seneca" and "Byron (George George)" in Banham 1998. Banham, Martin, ed. (1998) [1995]. The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.
Some forms of improvisation, notably the Commedia dell'arte, improvise on the basis of 'lazzi' or rough outlines of scenic action (see Gordon 1983 and Duchartre 1966). All forms of improvisation take their cue from their immediate response to one another, their characters' situations (which are sometimes established in advance), and, often, their interaction with the audience. The classic formulations of improvisation in the theatre originated with Joan Littlewood and Keith Johnstone in the UK and Viola Spolin in the US; see Johnstone 2007 and Spolin 1999. Gordon, Mel (1983). Lazzi: The Comic Routines of the Commedia dell'Arte. New York: Performing Arts Journal. ISBN 0-933826-69-9. Duchartre, Pierre Louis (1966) [1929]. The Italian Comedy: The Improvisation Scenarios Lives Attributes Portraits and Masks of the Illustrious Characters of the Commedia dell'Arte. Translated by Randolph T. Weaver. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-21679-9. Johnstone, Keith (2007) [1981]. Impro: Improvisation and the Theatre (Rev. ed.). London: Methuen. ISBN 978-0-7136-8701-9. Spolin, Viola (1999) [1963]. Improvisation for the Theater (3rd ed.). Evanston, Il: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 0-8101-4008-X.
See Carlson 1993, Pfister 2000, Elam 1980, and Taxidou 2004. Drama, in the narrow sense, cuts across the traditional division between comedy and tragedy in an anti- or a-generic deterritorialization from the mid-19th century onwards. Both Bertolt Brecht and Augusto Boal define their epic theatre projects (Non-Aristotelian drama and Theatre of the Oppressed respectively) against models of tragedy. Taxidou, however, reads epic theatre as an incorporation of tragic functions and its treatments of mourning and speculation.^[81] Carlson, Marvin (1993). Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present (Expanded ed.). Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8154-6. Pfister, Manfred (2000) [1977]. The Theory and Analysis of Drama. European Studies in English Literature series. Translated by John Halliday. Cambridige: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-42383-0. Elam, Keir (1980). The Semiotics of Theatre and Drama. New Accents series. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-03984-0. Taxidou, Olga (2004). Tragedy, Modernity and Mourning. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1987-9.
Pavis 1998, pp. 345–346. Pavis, Patrice (1998). Dictionary of the Theatre: Terms, Concepts, and Analysis. Translated by Christine Shantz. Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8163-6.
Brown 1998, p. 441. Brown, Andrew (1998). "Greece, Ancient". In Banham, Martin (ed.). The Cambridge Guide to Theatre (Rev. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 441–447. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.
Dukore 1974, p. 31. Dukore, Bernard F., ed. (1974). Dramatic Theory and Criticism: Greeks to Grotowski. Florence, Kentucky: Heinle & Heinle. ISBN 978-0-03-091152-1.
Brown 1998, p. 444. Brown, Andrew (1998). "Greece, Ancient". In Banham, Martin (ed.). The Cambridge Guide to Theatre (Rev. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 441–447. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.
Brown 1998, pp. 441–447. Brown, Andrew (1998). "Greece, Ancient". In Banham, Martin (ed.). The Cambridge Guide to Theatre (Rev. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 441–447. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.
Brown 1998, p. 442. Brown, Andrew (1998). "Greece, Ancient". In Banham, Martin (ed.). The Cambridge Guide to Theatre (Rev. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 441–447. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.
Gassner & Allen 1992, p. 93. Gassner, John & Allen, Ralph G. (1992) [1964]. Theatre and Drama in the Making. New York: Applause Books. ISBN 1-55783-073-8.
Richmond 1998, p. 516. Richmond, Farley (1998) [1995]. "India". In Banham, Martin (ed.). The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 516–525. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.
Richmond 1998, p. 517. Richmond, Farley (1998) [1995]. "India". In Banham, Martin (ed.). The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 516–525. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.
Richmond 1998, p. 518. Richmond, Farley (1998) [1995]. "India". In Banham, Martin (ed.). The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 516–525. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.
Elam 1980, p. 98. Elam, Keir (1980). The Semiotics of Theatre and Drama. New Accents series. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-03984-0.
Fergusson 1968, pp. 2–3. Fergusson, Francis (1968) [1949]. The Idea of a Theater: A Study of Ten Plays, The Art of Drama in a Changing Perspective. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01288-1.
Burt 2008, pp. 30–35. Burt, Daniel S. (2008). The Drama 100: A Ranking of the Greatest Plays of All Time. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-6073-3.
Jones 2003, pp. 4–11. Jones, John Bush (2003). Our Musicals, Ourselves: A Social History of the American Musical Theatre. Hanover: Brandeis University Press. ISBN 1-58465-311-6.
Banham 1998, p. 1118. Banham, Martin, ed. (1998) [1995]. The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.
Banham 1998, p. 1032. Banham, Martin, ed. (1998) [1995]. The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.

books.google.com

Don Rubin; Chua Soo Pong; Ravi Chaturvedi; et al. (2001). The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia/Pacific. Taylor & Francis. pp. 184–186. ISBN 978-0-415-26087-9.
James R. Brandon (2009). Theatre in Southeast Asia. Harvard University Press. pp. 143–145, 352–353. ISBN 978-0-674-02874-6.
Gordon 2006, p. 194. Gordon, Robert (2006). The Purpose of Playing: Modern Acting Theories in Perspective. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06887-6.

cambridge.org

Beushausen, Katrin (2018). "From Audience to Public: Theatre, Theatricality and the People before the Civil Wars". Theatre, Theatricality and the People before the Civil Wars. Cambridge University Press. pp. 80–112. doi:10.1017/9781316850411.004. ISBN 9781107181458.

collinsdictionary.com

"Theatre company definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
"Troupe definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved December 14, 2021.

credoreference.com

search.credoreference.com

"Theatre | Chambers Dictionary of World History – Credo Reference". search.credoreference.com.

cwu.edu

Robinson, Scott R. "The English Theatre, 1642–1800". Scott R. Robinson Home. CWU Department of Theatre Arts. Archived from the original on May 2, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2012.

discoverfrance.net

Bermel, Albert. "Moliere – French Dramatist". Discover France. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 7, 2012.

doi.org

Beushausen, Katrin (2018). "From Audience to Public: Theatre, Theatricality and the People before the Civil Wars". Theatre, Theatricality and the People before the Civil Wars. Cambridge University Press. pp. 80–112. doi:10.1017/9781316850411.004. ISBN 9781107181458.
Peterson 1982. Peterson, Richard A. (1982). "Five Constraints on the Production of Culture: Law, Technology, Market, Organizational Structure and Occupational Careers". The Journal of Popular Culture. 16 (2): 143–153. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1982.1451443.x.

equity.org.uk

"About". Equity. Retrieved January 8, 2023.

ghostarchive.org

"London's 10 oldest theatres". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2020.

imagi-nation.com

Matthew, Brander. "The Drama in the 18th Century". Moonstruch Drama Bookstore. Retrieved August 7, 2012.

kemdikbud.go.id

repositori.kemdikbud.go.id

"Pengetahuan Teater" (PDF). Kemdikbud. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 3, 2021.

ku.edu

journals.ku.edu

Carlson 1986, p. 36. Carlson, Marvin (Fall 1986). "Psychic Polyphony". Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism: 35–47.

meaa.org

"About Us". MEAA. Retrieved February 25, 2021.

merriam-webster.com

Originally spelled theatre and teatre. From around 1550 to 1700 or later, the most common spelling was theater. Between 1720 and 1750, theater was dropped in British English, but was either retained or revived in American English (Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., 2009, CD-ROM: ISBN 978-0-19-956383-8). Recent dictionaries of American English list theatre as a less common variant, e.g., Random House Webster's College Dictionary (1991); The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition (2006); New Oxford American Dictionary, third edition (2010); Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2011).
"Definition of Troupe". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved June 15, 2020.

muinas.ee

register.muinas.ee

"7028 end. Tartu Saksa Teatrihoone Vanemuise 45a, 1914–1918.a." Kultuurimälestiste register (in Estonian). Retrieved June 23, 2020.

musicals101.com

Kenrick, John (2003). "History of Stage Musicals". Retrieved May 26, 2009.

ncl.ac.uk

staff.ncl.ac.uk

The first "Edwardian musical comedy" is usually considered to be In Town (1892), even though it was produced eight years before the beginning of the Edwardian era; see, for example, Fraser Charlton, "What are EdMusComs?" (FrasrWeb 2007, accessed May 12, 2011).

nvcc.edu

novaonline.nvcc.edu

"Introduction to Theatre – Ancient Greek Theatre". novaonline.nvcc.edu.

pittsburghlive.com

Alice T. Carter, "Non-traditional venues can inspire art, or just great performances Archived 2010-09-03 at the Wayback Machine", Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, July 7, 2008. Retrieved February 12, 2011.

telegraph.co.uk

"London's 10 oldest theatres". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2020.

thestage.co.uk

"From pandemics to puritans: when theatre shut down through history and how it recovered". The Stage. Retrieved December 17, 2020.

tripod.com

engl3621mgc.tripod.com

"Women's Lives Surrounding Late 18th Century Theatre". English 3621 Writing by Women. Retrieved August 7, 2012.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

Aristotle, Poetics, line 1449a: "Comedy, as we have said, is a representation of inferior people, not indeed in the full sense of the word bad, but the laughable is a species of the base or ugly. It consists in some blunder or ugliness that does not cause pain or disaster, an obvious example being the comic mask which is ugly and distorted but not painful'."

umich.edu

quod.lib.umich.edu

The Actors remonstrance or complaint for the silencing for their profession, and banishment from their severall play-houses. January 24, 1643 – via Early English Books Online – University of Michigan Library.

unesco.org

""Wayang puppet theatre", Inscribed in 2008 (3.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (originally proclaimed in 2003)". UNESCO. Retrieved October 10, 2014.

web.archive.org

"Pengetahuan Teater" (PDF). Kemdikbud. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 3, 2021.
Robinson, Scott R. "The English Theatre, 1642–1800". Scott R. Robinson Home. CWU Department of Theatre Arts. Archived from the original on May 2, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
S. H. Butcher, [1], 2011^{[dead link‍]}
Alice T. Carter, "Non-traditional venues can inspire art, or just great performances Archived 2010-09-03 at the Wayback Machine", Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, July 7, 2008. Retrieved February 12, 2011.