Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Turkish crescent" in English language version.
...a special part is written for Turkish Crescent, an arrangement of bells supported on a mace which was carried processionally, to accompany Very Important Persons. The mace had to be twirled by a highly skilled, as well as dignified, performer. Sousa saw a possible connection between this Oriental tradition and the drum-major's twirled baton. Characteristically, the Americans democratized the ritual instrument; they christened it "Jingling Johnnie"!
Chaghana also called 'Turkish crescent', chapeau chinois or 'jingling johnnie', a ceremonial staff of ancient Central Asian origin which was adopted by the Turks ...surmounted by a crescent and a metal ornament shaped like a Chinese hat...valued by Europeans as a war trophy during periods of conflict with Turkey...
Türk mûsikîsinde kullanılan eski bir çalgı, çegāne (translation: An old instrument used in Turkish music, çegāne".)
Çağana Acem diyarında ... pehlivan ...Batı Anadoluda benimsendiği ... Avrupa bandolarına ... geçmiş olup, "Jingling Johnnie" (Çıngırdayan Coni) veya "Turkish Crescent" (Türk Hilâli) ... ve Çin Şapkası adı da verilen ... adlarıyla anılan ve Çin Şapkası ... çıngırak başlı ve süslü uzunca bir tahta ãsã olmaktadır. (translation:Çağana Instrument...from the land of Persia...adopted in Western Anatolia...passed to European bands...known as "Jingling Johnnie" (Çıngırdayan Coni) or "Turkish Crescent" (Türk Hilâli), also known as the Chinese Hat...long wooden wooden with rattle head and ornate.
