Vanilla (English Wikipedia)

Bomgardner, M.M. (2016). "The problem with vanilla". Chemical and Engineering News. 94 (36): 38–42. doi:10.1021/cen-09436-cover. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Janet Hazen (1995). Vanilla. Chronicle Books. ISBN 9780811802543.
Havkin-Frenkel, Daphna; Belanger, Faith C. (2011). Handbook of Vanilla Science and Technology. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 142–145. ISBN 978-1-4051-9325-2.
Rain, Patricia (2004). Vanilla: The Cultural History of the World's Most Popular Flavor and Fragrance. Tarcher. ISBN 9781585423637.
Rosengarten, Frederic (1973). The Book of Spices. Pyramid Books. ISBN 978-0-515-03220-8.

bakerpedia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Vanillin | Baking Ingredients". BAKERpedia. 17 November 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2022.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Bleu, The Chefs of Le Cordon (21 April 2010). Le Cordon Bleu Cuisine Foundations. Cengage Learning. ISBN 9781435481374. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016 – via Google Books.
Mushet, Cindy; Table, Sur La (21 October 2008). The Art and Soul of Baking. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 9780740773341. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017.
Gobley, N.-T. (1858). "Recherches sur le principe odorant de la vanilla" [Research on the fragrant substance of vanilla]. Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie. Series 3. 34: 401–405. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016.
Burdock, George A. (3 December 2004). Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3787-6.
Frenkel, Chaim; Ranadive, Arvind S.; Vázquez, Javier Tochihuitl; Havkin-Frenkel, Daphna (2010). "Curing of Vanilla". In Havkin-Frenkel, Daphna; Belanger, Faith (eds.). Handbook of Vanilla Science and Technology. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 79–106 [87]. ISBN 978-1-4443-2937-7. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016.
Arana, Francisca E. (October 1944). "Vanilla curing and its chemistry". Bulletin (42): 1–17. Archived from the original on 27 April 2016.

ceylonorganicvanilla.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Biology". Ceylon Organic Vanilla. Retrieved 24 June 2025.

chicagotribune.com (Global: 95^th place; English: 70^th place)

Brockman, Terra (11 June 2008). "Types of Vanilla". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 16 June 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2010.

chromatographyonline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Margraf, Marelke (July 2015). "Comparison of Compounds in Bourbon Vanilla Extract and Vanilla Flavour". The Application Notebook. The Application Notebook-07-01-2015.

cirad.fr (Global: 5,122^nd place; English: low place)

revues.cirad.fr

Stehlé, Henri (1952). "Le Vanillier et sa culture: Histoire - Botanique - Géographie - Écologie du vanillier". Fruits (in French). 7: 50–56.

cooksillustrated.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pure versus Imitation Vanilla Extract". Cooks Illustrated. 1 March 2009. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
"Tasting lab: Vanilla Ice Cream". Cooks Illustrated. 1 May 2010. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
"Vanilla Extract". 1 March 2009. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012.

cooksvanilla.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"About Vanilla – Vanilla imitations". Cook Flavoring Company. 2011. Archived from the original on 30 April 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2011.

crcnetbase.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rain, Patricia; Lubinsky, Pesach (2011). "Vanilla Use in Colonial Mexico and Traditional Totonac Vanilla Farming". In Odoux, Eric; Grisoni, Michel (eds.). Vanilla. USA: CRC Press. p. 252. ISBN 978-1-4200-8337-8.^{[dead link]}
Rain, Patricia; Lubinsky, Pesach (2011). "Vanilla Production in Mexico". In Odoux, Eric; Grisoni, Michel (eds.). Vanilla. USA: CRC Press. p. 336. ISBN 978-1-4200-8337-8.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Correll, Donovan S. (1953). "Vanilla: Its Botany, History, Cultivation and Economic Import". Economic Botany. 7 (4): 291–358. Bibcode:1953EcBot...7..291C. doi:10.1007/BF02930810. ISSN 0013-0001. JSTOR 4287786. S2CID 34061570.
Zhu, Annah (21 November 2018). "Hot money, cold beer: Navigating the vanilla and rosewood export economies in northeastern Madagascar". American Ethnologist. 45 (2): 253–267. doi:10.1111/amet.12636.
Linares, V.; Adams, M. J.; Cradic, M. S.; Finkelstein, I.; Lipschits, O.; Martin, M. A. S.; Neumann, R.; Stockhammer, P. W.; Gadot, Y. (June 2019). "First evidence for vanillin in the old world: Its use as mortuary offering in Middle Bronze Canaan". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 25: 77–84. Bibcode:2019JArSR..25...77L. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.03.034. S2CID 181608839.
Amir, A.; Finkelstein, I.; Shalev, Y.; Uziel, J.; Chalaf, O.; Freud, L.; Neumann, R.; Gadot, Y. (2022). "Amir A, Finkelstein I, Shalev Y, Uziel J, Chalaf O, Freud L, et al. (2022) Residue analysis evidence for wine enriched with vanilla consumed in Jerusalem on the eve of the Babylonian destruction in 586 BCE. PLoS ONE 17(3)". PLOS ONE. 17 (3): e0266085. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266085. PMC 8963535. PMID 35349581.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Lubinsky, Pesach; Bory, Séverine; Hernández Hernández, Juan; Kim, Seung-Chul; Gómez-Pompa, Arturo (2008). "Origins and Dispersal of Cultivated Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. [Orchidaceae])". Economic Botany. 62 (2): 127–38. doi:10.1007/s12231-008-9014-y. S2CID 11744202.
Besse, Pascale; Silva, Denis Da; Bory, Séverine; Grisoni, Michel; Le Bellec, Fabrice; Duval, Marie-France (2004). "RAPD genetic diversity in cultivated vanilla: Vanilla planifolia, and relationships with V. Tahitensis and V. Pompona". Plant Science. 167 (2): 379–85. Bibcode:2004PlnSc.167..379B. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.04.007.
Pemberton, Robert; Wheeler, Gregory; Madeira, Paul (2023). "Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Pollination of Vanilla planifolia in Florida and Their Potential in Commercial Production". Florida Entomologist. 104 (4): 230–237. doi:10.1653/024.106.0404.
Bomgardner, M.M. (2016). "The problem with vanilla". Chemical and Engineering News. 94 (36): 38–42. doi:10.1021/cen-09436-cover. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
Davis, Elmo W. (1983). "Experiences with growing vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)". Acta Horticulturae. 132 (132): 23–9. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1983.132.2.
George, P. S.; Ravishankar, G. A. (1997). "In vitro multiplication of Vanilla planifolia using axillary bud explants". Plant Cell Reports. 16 (7): 490–494. doi:10.1007/BF01092772. PMID 30727638. S2CID 25158520.
Kononowicz, H.; Janick, J. (1984). "In vitro propagation of Vanilla planifolia". HortScience. 19 (1): 58–9. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.19.1.58. S2CID 89492752.
Burdock GA (2007). "Safety assessment of castoreum extract as a food ingredient". Int. J. Toxicol. 26 (1): 51–55. doi:10.1080/10915810601120145. PMID 17365147. S2CID 39977652.
S. Van Dyk; P. Holford; P. Subedi; K. Walsh; M. Williams; W.B. McGlasson (2014). "Determining the harvest maturity of vanilla beans". Scientia Horticulturae. 168: 249–257. Bibcode:2014ScHor.168..249V. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.02.002.
Havkin-Frenkel D, French JC, Graft NM (2004). "Interrelation of curing and botany in vanilla (vanilla planifolia) bean". Acta Horticulturae. 629 (629): 93–102. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.629.12. S2CID 90867600.

efloras.org (Global: 732^nd place; English: 800^th place)

Ackerman, James D. (2002). "Vanilla". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 29 February 2008. Retrieved 22 July 2008 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Spanish vainilla, little pod or capsule, referring to long, podlike fruits

etymonline.com (Global: 287^th place; English: 321^st place)

"Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2010.

fao.org (Global: 318^th place; English: 411^th place)

"Crops, Vanilla". FAO Global Statistical Yearbook. 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
"Raw vanilla production in 2023, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)". UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2025. Retrieved 24 May 2025.

fda.gov (Global: 447^th place; English: 338^th place)

accessdata.fda.gov

fda.gov

"IMPORT ALERT IA2807: "DETENTION WITHOUT PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF COUMARIN IN VANILLA PRODUCTS (EXTRACTS – FLAVORINGS – IMITATIONS)"". U.S. Food and Drug Administration Office of Regulatory Affairs. January 1998. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009. Retrieved 21 December 2007.

gascartrading.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Vanilla Products". Gascar Trading Company. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.

gulleygreenhouse.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gulley, Beth (4 December 2018). "The Vanilla Bean Orchid". Gulley Greenhouse. Retrieved 14 June 2022.^{[permanent dead link]}

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Jaucourt, Louis (1765). "Vanilla". Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers. hdl:2027/spo.did2222.0000.830.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Correll, Donovan S. (1953). "Vanilla: Its Botany, History, Cultivation and Economic Import". Economic Botany. 7 (4): 291–358. Bibcode:1953EcBot...7..291C. doi:10.1007/BF02930810. ISSN 0013-0001. JSTOR 4287786. S2CID 34061570.
Linares, V.; Adams, M. J.; Cradic, M. S.; Finkelstein, I.; Lipschits, O.; Martin, M. A. S.; Neumann, R.; Stockhammer, P. W.; Gadot, Y. (June 2019). "First evidence for vanillin in the old world: Its use as mortuary offering in Middle Bronze Canaan". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 25: 77–84. Bibcode:2019JArSR..25...77L. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.03.034. S2CID 181608839.
Besse, Pascale; Silva, Denis Da; Bory, Séverine; Grisoni, Michel; Le Bellec, Fabrice; Duval, Marie-France (2004). "RAPD genetic diversity in cultivated vanilla: Vanilla planifolia, and relationships with V. Tahitensis and V. Pompona". Plant Science. 167 (2): 379–85. Bibcode:2004PlnSc.167..379B. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.04.007.
S. Van Dyk; P. Holford; P. Subedi; K. Walsh; M. Williams; W.B. McGlasson (2014). "Determining the harvest maturity of vanilla beans". Scientia Horticulturae. 168: 249–257. Bibcode:2014ScHor.168..249V. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.02.002.

sitn.hms.harvard.edu

Kennedy, C Rose (2015). "What's in a flavor? Vanillin dreams". Science in the News. The Flavor Rundown: Natural vs. Artificial Flavors. Boston, MA: Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016.

herbsocietynashville.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

The Herb Society of Nashville. "The Life of Spice". The Herb Society of Nashville. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011. Following Montezuma's capture, one of Cortés' officers saw him drinking "chocolatl" (made of powdered cocoa beans and ground corn flavored with ground vanilla pods and honey). The Spanish tried this drink themselves and were so impressed by this new taste sensation that they took samples back to Spain.' and 'Actually it was vanilla rather than the chocolate that made a bigger hit and by 1700 the use of vanilla was spread over all of Europe. Mexico became the leading producer of vanilla for three centuries. – Excerpted from 'Spices of the World Cookbook' by McCormick and 'The Book of Spices' by Frederic Rosengarten, Jr

hindu.com (Global: 261^st place; English: 171^st place)

"Flower with money power". The Hindu. 10 May 2004. Archived from the original on 23 June 2009. Retrieved 1 May 2010.

idfa.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Vanilla remains top ice cream flavor with Americans". International Dairy Foods Association, Washington, DC. 23 July 2013. Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.

indianspices.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Vanilla". Spices Board of India. Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India. Archived from the original on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2012.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Correll, Donovan S. (1953). "Vanilla: Its Botany, History, Cultivation and Economic Import". Economic Botany. 7 (4): 291–358. Bibcode:1953EcBot...7..291C. doi:10.1007/BF02930810. ISSN 0013-0001. JSTOR 4287786. S2CID 34061570.

kerala.gov.in (Global: 2,550^th place; English: 1,544^th place)

old.kerala.gov.in

Anilkumar, A. S. (February 2004). "Vanilla cultivation: A profitable agri-based enterprise" (PDF). Kerala Calling: 26–30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2013.

kew.org (Global: 394^th place; English: 442^nd place)

powo.science.kew.org

"Vanilla planifolia Andrews – Plants of the World Online – Kew Science". powo.science.kew.org. Archived from the original on 22 November 2017.

linnean.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Edmond Albius–The boy who revolutionised the vanilla industry". The Linnean Society. Retrieved 9 May 2022.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 344^th place; English: 296^th place)

Krulwich, Robert (15 June 2015). "The Little Boy Who Should've Vanished, but Didn't". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
Rebecca Rupp (23 October 2014). "The History of Vanilla". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2022.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Amir, A.; Finkelstein, I.; Shalev, Y.; Uziel, J.; Chalaf, O.; Freud, L.; Neumann, R.; Gadot, Y. (2022). "Amir A, Finkelstein I, Shalev Y, Uziel J, Chalaf O, Freud L, et al. (2022) Residue analysis evidence for wine enriched with vanilla consumed in Jerusalem on the eve of the Babylonian destruction in 586 BCE. PLoS ONE 17(3)". PLOS ONE. 17 (3): e0266085. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266085. PMC 8963535. PMID 35349581.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
George, P. S.; Ravishankar, G. A. (1997). "In vitro multiplication of Vanilla planifolia using axillary bud explants". Plant Cell Reports. 16 (7): 490–494. doi:10.1007/BF01092772. PMID 30727638. S2CID 25158520.
Burdock GA (2007). "Safety assessment of castoreum extract as a food ingredient". Int. J. Toxicol. 26 (1): 51–55. doi:10.1080/10915810601120145. PMID 17365147. S2CID 39977652.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Amir, A.; Finkelstein, I.; Shalev, Y.; Uziel, J.; Chalaf, O.; Freud, L.; Neumann, R.; Gadot, Y. (2022). "Amir A, Finkelstein I, Shalev Y, Uziel J, Chalaf O, Freud L, et al. (2022) Residue analysis evidence for wine enriched with vanilla consumed in Jerusalem on the eve of the Babylonian destruction in 586 BCE. PLoS ONE 17(3)". PLOS ONE. 17 (3): e0266085. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266085. PMC 8963535. PMID 35349581.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

niscair.res.in (Global: low place; English: 8,984^th place)

nopr.niscair.res.in

Giridhar P, Ravishankar GA (2004). "Efficient micropropagation of Vanilla planifolia Andr. under influence of thidiazuron, zeatin and coconut milk". Indian Journal of Biotechnology. 3 (1): 113–118. Archived from the original on 6 May 2014.

patents.google.com (Global: 1,182^nd place; English: 725^th place)

Methods of dehydrating and curing vanilla fruit US Patent 2,621,127

pfaf.org (Global: 4,442^nd place; English: 3,824^th place)

"Vanilla". Plants for a Future. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

Lubinsky, Pesach; Van Dam, Matthew; Van Dam, Alex (2006). "Pollination of Vanilla and Evolution in the Orchidaceae". Lindleyana. 75 (12): 926–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.

rodellekitchen.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Vanilla History". Rodelle Kitchen. Retrieved 14 June 2022.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149^th place; English: 178^th place)

Linares, V.; Adams, M. J.; Cradic, M. S.; Finkelstein, I.; Lipschits, O.; Martin, M. A. S.; Neumann, R.; Stockhammer, P. W.; Gadot, Y. (June 2019). "First evidence for vanillin in the old world: Its use as mortuary offering in Middle Bronze Canaan". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 25: 77–84. Bibcode:2019JArSR..25...77L. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.03.034. S2CID 181608839.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Correll, Donovan S. (1953). "Vanilla: Its Botany, History, Cultivation and Economic Import". Economic Botany. 7 (4): 291–358. Bibcode:1953EcBot...7..291C. doi:10.1007/BF02930810. ISSN 0013-0001. JSTOR 4287786. S2CID 34061570.
Linares, V.; Adams, M. J.; Cradic, M. S.; Finkelstein, I.; Lipschits, O.; Martin, M. A. S.; Neumann, R.; Stockhammer, P. W.; Gadot, Y. (June 2019). "First evidence for vanillin in the old world: Its use as mortuary offering in Middle Bronze Canaan". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 25: 77–84. Bibcode:2019JArSR..25...77L. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.03.034. S2CID 181608839.
Lubinsky, Pesach; Bory, Séverine; Hernández Hernández, Juan; Kim, Seung-Chul; Gómez-Pompa, Arturo (2008). "Origins and Dispersal of Cultivated Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. [Orchidaceae])". Economic Botany. 62 (2): 127–38. doi:10.1007/s12231-008-9014-y. S2CID 11744202.
George, P. S.; Ravishankar, G. A. (1997). "In vitro multiplication of Vanilla planifolia using axillary bud explants". Plant Cell Reports. 16 (7): 490–494. doi:10.1007/BF01092772. PMID 30727638. S2CID 25158520.
Kononowicz, H.; Janick, J. (1984). "In vitro propagation of Vanilla planifolia". HortScience. 19 (1): 58–9. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.19.1.58. S2CID 89492752.
Burdock GA (2007). "Safety assessment of castoreum extract as a food ingredient". Int. J. Toxicol. 26 (1): 51–55. doi:10.1080/10915810601120145. PMID 17365147. S2CID 39977652.
Havkin-Frenkel D, French JC, Graft NM (2004). "Interrelation of curing and botany in vanilla (vanilla planifolia) bean". Acta Horticulturae. 629 (629): 93–102. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.629.12. S2CID 90867600.

silvercloudestates.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Silver Cloud Estates. "History of Vanilla". Silver Cloud Estates. Archived from the original on 19 February 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2008. In 1837 the Belgian botanist Morren succeeded in artificially pollinating the vanilla flower. On Reunion, Morren's process was attempted, but failed. It was not until 1841 that a 12-year-old slave by the name of Edmond Albius discovered the correct technique of hand-pollinating the flowers.

slofoodgroup.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What are The Best Vanilla Beans to Buy and Why?". Slofoodgroup. Retrieved 30 December 2020.

spezie-online.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Vanilla Bourbon". SA. VA. Import – Export. Retrieved 16 January 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}

thestar.com (Global: 336^th place; English: 216^th place)

Forani, Jonathan (20 September 2017). "Eager bakers may face a cake crisis as vanilla supply evaporates". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.

ucr.edu (Global: 1,553^rd place; English: 1,008^th place)

newsroom.ucr.edu

"Tahitian Vanilla Originated in Maya Forests, Says UC Riverside Botanist". University of California at Riverside, Newsroom. 21 August 2008. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

ufl.edu (Global: 921^st place; English: 644^th place)

edis.ifas.ufl.edu

"HS1348/HS1348: Vanilla Cultivation in Southern Florida". edis.ifas.ufl.edu. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.

umd.edu (Global: 1,747^th place; English: 1,277^th place)

marylandgrows.umd.edu

Maryland Grows (9 November 2020). "Vanilla and food: not plain when it comes to pollination". Maryland Grows. Retrieved 24 June 2022.

umich.edu (Global: 459^th place; English: 360^th place)

quod.lib.umich.edu

Diderot, Denis (September 2007). "Vanilla". Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert – Collaborative Translation Project. Archived from the original on 21 September 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.

usda.gov (Global: 438^th place; English: 336^th place)

plants.usda.gov

NRCS. "Vanilla pompona". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 24 July 2008.

vanillaexchange.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rainforest Vanilla Conservation Association". RVCA. Archived from the original on 24 June 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2011.

vanillaqueen.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rain, Patricia (26 February 2009). "History of Vanilla".

vanillareview.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Vanilla". Vanilla Review. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2012.

vanille-lfie.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"LFIE Vanilla Products". Lopat Frederic Import Export. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"HS1348/HS1348: Vanilla Cultivation in Southern Florida". edis.ifas.ufl.edu. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
Krulwich, Robert (15 June 2015). "The Little Boy Who Should've Vanished, but Didn't". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
The Herb Society of Nashville. "The Life of Spice". The Herb Society of Nashville. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011. Following Montezuma's capture, one of Cortés' officers saw him drinking "chocolatl" (made of powdered cocoa beans and ground corn flavored with ground vanilla pods and honey). The Spanish tried this drink themselves and were so impressed by this new taste sensation that they took samples back to Spain.' and 'Actually it was vanilla rather than the chocolate that made a bigger hit and by 1700 the use of vanilla was spread over all of Europe. Mexico became the leading producer of vanilla for three centuries. – Excerpted from 'Spices of the World Cookbook' by McCormick and 'The Book of Spices' by Frederic Rosengarten, Jr
Rebecca Rupp (23 October 2014). "The History of Vanilla". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
Bleu, The Chefs of Le Cordon (21 April 2010). Le Cordon Bleu Cuisine Foundations. Cengage Learning. ISBN 9781435481374. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016 – via Google Books.
Forani, Jonathan (20 September 2017). "Eager bakers may face a cake crisis as vanilla supply evaporates". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
"Rainforest Vanilla Conservation Association". RVCA. Archived from the original on 24 June 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
Ackerman, James D. (2002). "Vanilla". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 29 February 2008. Retrieved 22 July 2008 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Spanish vainilla, little pod or capsule, referring to long, podlike fruits
"Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
Brockman, Terra (11 June 2008). "Types of Vanilla". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 16 June 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
Diderot, Denis (September 2007). "Vanilla". Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert – Collaborative Translation Project. Archived from the original on 21 September 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
Lubinsky, Pesach; Van Dam, Matthew; Van Dam, Alex (2006). "Pollination of Vanilla and Evolution in the Orchidaceae". Lindleyana. 75 (12): 926–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
Morren, C. (1837). "Note sur la première fructification du Vanillier en Europe (Note on the first fruiting of vanilla in Europe)". Annales de la Société Royale d'Horticulture de Paris. 20: 331–334. Morren describes the process of artificially pollinating vanilla on p. 333: "En effet, aucun fruit n'a été produit que sur les cinquante-quatre fleurs auxquelles j'avais artificiellement communiqué le pollen. On enlève le tablier ou on le soulève, et on met en contact avec le stigmate une mass pollinique entière, ou seulement une partie de cette masse, car une seule de celles-ci, coupée en huit ou dix pièces, peut féconder autant de fleurs." (In effect, fruit has been produced only on fifty-four flowers to which I artificially communicated pollen. One removes the labellum or one raises it, and one places in contact with the stigma a complete mass of pollen [i.e., pollinium], or just a part of that mass, for just one of these, cut into eight or ten pieces, can fertilize as many flowers.) Available on-line at: Hortalia.org
Silver Cloud Estates. "History of Vanilla". Silver Cloud Estates. Archived from the original on 19 February 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2008. In 1837 the Belgian botanist Morren succeeded in artificially pollinating the vanilla flower. On Reunion, Morren's process was attempted, but failed. It was not until 1841 that a 12-year-old slave by the name of Edmond Albius discovered the correct technique of hand-pollinating the flowers.
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Correll, Donovan S. (1953). "Vanilla: Its Botany, History, Cultivation and Economic Import". Economic Botany. 7 (4): 291–358. Bibcode:1953EcBot...7..291C. doi:10.1007/BF02930810. ISSN 0013-0001. JSTOR 4287786. S2CID 34061570.

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