El-Chammas K, Danner E (Jun 2011). «Gluten-free diet in nonceliac disease». Nutr Clin Pract (Revisión) 26 (3): 294-9. PMID21586414. doi:10.1177/0884533611405538. «Historically, a GFD was occasionally used in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS), because anecdotal reports indicated a positive effect (reversal of symptoms) of a GFD in MS patients. (GFD=gluten-free diet) TRADUCCIÓN: Históricamente, la DSG se ha utilizado ocasionalmente en el tratamiento de la esclerosis múltiple (EM), porque casos documentados indican un efecto positivo (reversión de los síntomas) de una DSG en pacientes con EM. DSG=dieta sin gluten».
Verbeke K (febrero de 2018). «Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity: What Is the Culprit?». Gastroenterology (Revisión) 154 (4): 471-473. PMID29337156. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.013.
Staudacher HM, Irving PM, Lomer MC, Whelan K (abril de 2014). «Mechanisms and efficacy of dietary FODMAP restriction in IBS». Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol (Review) 11 (4): 256-66. PMID24445613. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2013.259. «An emerging body of research now demonstrates the efficacy of fermentable carbohydrate restriction in IBS; however, limitations still exist with this approach owing to a limited number of randomized trials, in part due to the fundamental difficulty of placebo control in dietary trials. Evidence also indicates that the diet can influence the gut microbiota and nutrient intake. Fermentable carbohydrate restriction in people with IBS is promising, but the effects on gastrointestinal health require further investigation.»
Marsh A, Eslick EM, Eslick GD (2015). «Does a diet low in FODMAPs reduce symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis». Eur J Nutr. PMID25982757. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-0922-1.
Rao SS, Yu S, Fedewa A (2015). «Systematic review: dietary fibre and FODMAP-restricted diet in the management of constipation and irritable bowel syndrome». Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.41 (12): 1256-70. PMID25903636. doi:10.1111/apt.13167.
Ong, DK; Mitchell, SB; Barrett, JS; Shepherd, SJ; Irving, PM; Biesiekierski, JR; Smith, S; Gibson, PR et al. (2010). «Manipulation of dietary short chain carbohydrates alters the pattern of gas production and genesis of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology». J Gastroenterol Hepatol.25 (8): 1366-1373. PMID20659225. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06370.x.Se sugiere usar |número-autores= (ayuda)
Barrett, JS; Gearry, RB; Muir, JG; Irving, PM; Rose, R; Rosella, O; Haines, ML; Shepherd, SJ et al. (2010). «Dietary poorly absorbed, short‐chain carbohydrates increase delivery of water and fermentable substrates to the proximal colon». Aliment Pharmacol Ther.31 (8): 874-882. PMID20102355. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04237.x.Se sugiere usar |número-autores= (ayuda)
Muir, JG; Rose, R; Rosella, O; Liels, K; Barrett, JS; Shepherd, SJ; Gibson, PR (2009). «Measurement of short-chain carbohydrates in common Australian vegetables and fruits by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)». J Agric Food Chem.57 (2): 554-565. PMID19123815. doi:10.1021/jf802700e.
Biesiekierski, JR; Rosella, O; Rose, R; Liels, K; Barrett, JS; Shepherd, SJ; Gibson, PR; Muir, JG (2011). «Quantification of fructans, galacto-oligosacharides and other short-chain carbohydrates in processed grains and cereals». J Hum Nutr Diet.24 (2): 154-176. PMID21332832. doi:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2010.01139.x.
Peter R Gibson and Susan J Shepherd (2010). «Evidence-based dietary management of functional gastrointestinal symptoms: The FODMAP approach». Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology25 (2): 252-258. PMID20136989. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06149.x.
Schuppan D, Pickert G, Ashfaq-Khan M, Zevallos V (Jun 2015). «Non-celiac wheat sensitivity: differential diagnosis, triggers and implications». Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol (Revisión) 29 (3): 469-76. PMID26060111. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2015.04.002. «For the experienced clinician extraintestinal symptoms which are frequent serve as the best indicator of the disease, and accordingly, are increasingly recognized as hallmarks of NCWS [4,5]. When it comes to mainly intestinal symptoms, there may be a significant overlap with the spectrum of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) [6], wheat allergy which is frequently missed with conventional blood IgE and skin testing [7e9] and (less likely) intolerance to FODMAPs (fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols [10].»
Lundin KE, Wijmenga C (Sep 2015). «Coeliac disease and autoimmune disease-genetic overlap and screening». Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol12 (9): 507-15. PMID26303674. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.136.
Ciccocioppo R, Kruzliak P, Cangemi GC, Pohanka M, Betti E, Lauret E, Rodrigo L (22 de octubre de 2015). «The Spectrum of Differences between Childhood and Adulthood Celiac Disease». Nutrients7 (10): 8733-51. PMID26506381. doi:10.3390/nu7105426.
El-Chammas K, Danner E (Jun 2011). «Gluten-free diet in nonceliac disease». Nutr Clin Pract (Revisión) 26 (3): 294-9. PMID21586414. doi:10.1177/0884533611405538. «Historically, a GFD was occasionally used in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS), because anecdotal reports indicated a positive effect (reversal of symptoms) of a GFD in MS patients. (GFD=gluten-free diet) TRADUCCIÓN: Históricamente, la DSG se ha utilizado ocasionalmente en el tratamiento de la esclerosis múltiple (EM), porque casos documentados indican un efecto positivo (reversión de los síntomas) de una DSG en pacientes con EM. DSG=dieta sin gluten».
Kalaydjian, AE; Eaton, W; Cascella, N; Fasano, A (2006 Feb). «The gluten connection: the association between schizophrenia and celiac disease». Acta Psychiatr Scand113 (2): 82-90. PMID16423158. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00687.x.
Ludlow AK, Rogers SL (2017). «Understanding the impact of diet and nutrition on symptoms of Tourette syndrome: A scoping review.». J Child Health Care (Revisión): 1367493517748373. PMID29268618. doi:10.1177/1367493517748373. «Anecdotal reports have suggested that children with TS have abnormal reactions to gluten, and the chemical manipulation of this protein has been suggested to result in a substance that exacerbates tics. [...] A recent case reported in the literature involved a 13-year-old female with a 10-year history of tics and OCD. Despite a family history for celiac disease, she failed to show symptoms of the disease herself, but instead met the criteria for nonceliac gluten sensitivity. After 1 week of being placed on a gluten-free diet, her tics were reported to diminish, and within a few months the tics completely disappeared (Rodrigo et al., 2015). Informes anecdóticos han sugerido que los niños con síndrome de Tourette tienen reacciones anormales frente al gluten y se ha sugerido que la transformación química de esta proteína da como resultado una sustancia que exacerba los tics. [...] Un caso reciente documentado en la literatura involucra a una mujer de 13 años con un historial de 10 años de tics y trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. A pesar de los antecedentes familiares de enfermedad celíaca, no mostró síntomas de esta enfermedad sino que cumplía los criterios de sensibilidad al gluten no celíaca. Tras una semana desde el comienzo de una dieta sin gluten, sus tics disminuyeron y en unos pocos meses los tics desaparecieron por completo (Rodrigo et al., 2015).».
Catassi C, Elli L, Bonaz B, Bouma G, Carroccio A, Castillejo G, Cellier C, Cristofori F, de Magistris L, Dolinsek J, Dieterich W, Francavilla R, Hadjivassiliou M, Holtmeier W, Körner U, Leffler DA, Lundin KE, Mazzarella G, Mulder CJ, Pellegrini N, Rostami K, Sanders D, Skodje GI, Schuppan D, Ullrich R, Volta U, Williams M, Zevallos VF, Zopf Y, Fasano A (18 de junio de 2015). «Diagnosis of Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS): The Salerno Experts' Criteria». Nutrients. 2015 Jun 18;7(6):. doi: . (Consenso Médico) 7 (6): 4966-77. PMC4488826. PMID26096570. doi:10.3390/nu7064966.
Fasano A, Sapone A, Zevallos V, Schuppan D (May 2015). «Nonceliac gluten sensitivity». Gastroenterology (Revisión) 148 (6): 1195-204. PMID25583468. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.049. «One of the most controversial and highly debated discussions concerns the role of gluten in causing NCGS. Recent reports have indicated that gluten might not be the cause of NCGS, and some investigators still question whether NCGS as a real clinical entity. (...) Cereals such as wheat and rye, when consumed in normal quantities, are only minor sources of FODMAPs in the daily diet (Table 1). Therefore, gluten-containing grains are not likely to induce IBS exclusively via FODMAPs. In contrast, there is growing evidence that other proteins that are unique to gluten-containing cereals can elicit an innate immune response that leads to NCGS, raising a nomenclature issue. For this reason, wheat sensitivity, rather than gluten sensitivity, seems to be a more appropriate term, keeping in mind that other gluten-containing grains such as barley and rye also can trigger the symptoms.»
Aziz I, Hadjivassiliou M, Sanders DS (Sep 2015). «The spectrum of noncoeliac gluten sensitivity». Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol (Revisión) 12 (9): 516-26. PMID26122473. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.107. «In fact, the effects of gluten were questioned after it was demonstrated that individuals with self-reported NCGS already on a GFD further benefited when placed on a low FODMAP diet.37 Furthermore, the 37 participants in this study then underwent a DBPC crossover trial whereby they received high-dose gluten (16 g gluten per day), low-dose gluten (2 g gluten and 14 g whey protein per day) or control (16 g whey protein per day) for 1 week followed by a washout period of at least 2 weeks before switching to the next diet. The investigators found no specific or dose-dependent effect of gluten.37 However, recruitment for this study was through media advertisement and many of the individuals presenting with self-reported NCGS were still symptomatic while on their GFD, recording visual analogue scale ratings of up to 60; this finding might not be reflective of those who truly have NCGS. Also, the DBPC crossover trial showed a nocebo response among the three arms, which suggests an anticipatory effect of the crossover study design. 37. Biesiekierski, J. R. et al. No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates. Gastroenterology 145, 320–328 (2013).».
Vriezinga SL, Schweizer JJ, Koning F, Mearin ML (Sep 2015). «Coeliac disease and gluten-related disorders in childhood». Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology (Revisión) 12 (9): 527-36. PMID26100369. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.98.
Elli L, Branchi F, Tomba C, Villalta D, Norsa L, Ferretti F, Roncoroni L, Bardella MT (21 de junio de 2015). «Diagnosis of gluten related disorders: Celiac disease, wheat allergy and non-celiac gluten sensitivity». World J Gastroenterol (Revisión) 21 (23): 7110-9. PMC4476872. PMID26109797. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i23.7110. «In a recent study by Biesiekierski et al[77] the concept of NCGS as a syndrome has been questioned. In that study, patients with self-reported NCGS on a GFD showed further improvement when placed on a low FODMAP diet and blinded gluten re-introduction led to no specific or dose-dependent effect. However, in those patients the reintroduction of both gluten and whey protein probably had a nocebo effect similar in all groups, which might have concealed the true effect of gluten/wheat re-introduction. 77. Biesiekierski JR, Peters SL, Newnham ED, Rosella O, Muir JG, Gibson PR. No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:320–8.e1-320-8.e3.».
Fasano A, Sapone A, Zevallos V, Schuppan D (May 2015). «Nonceliac gluten sensitivity». Gastroenterology (Revisión) 148 (6): 1195-204. PMID25583468. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.049. «FODMAPs cause mild wheat intolerance at most, limited to intestinal symptoms, so we can exclude them from further discussion in the context of NCGS. Patients with NCGS resolve symptoms after they eliminate glutencontaining grains, despite continuing to ingest FODMAPs from other sources.»
«FODMAPs». King's College, London. Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Research Projects. Archivado desde el original el 6 de mayo de 2013. Consultado el 18 de marzo de 2012.
Verbeke K (febrero de 2018). «Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity: What Is the Culprit?». Gastroenterology (Revisión) 154 (4): 471-473. PMID29337156. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.013.
Staudacher HM, Irving PM, Lomer MC, Whelan K (abril de 2014). «Mechanisms and efficacy of dietary FODMAP restriction in IBS». Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol (Review) 11 (4): 256-66. PMID24445613. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2013.259. «An emerging body of research now demonstrates the efficacy of fermentable carbohydrate restriction in IBS; however, limitations still exist with this approach owing to a limited number of randomized trials, in part due to the fundamental difficulty of placebo control in dietary trials. Evidence also indicates that the diet can influence the gut microbiota and nutrient intake. Fermentable carbohydrate restriction in people with IBS is promising, but the effects on gastrointestinal health require further investigation.»
Marsh A, Eslick EM, Eslick GD (2015). «Does a diet low in FODMAPs reduce symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis». Eur J Nutr. PMID25982757. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-0922-1.
Rao SS, Yu S, Fedewa A (2015). «Systematic review: dietary fibre and FODMAP-restricted diet in the management of constipation and irritable bowel syndrome». Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.41 (12): 1256-70. PMID25903636. doi:10.1111/apt.13167.
Ong, DK; Mitchell, SB; Barrett, JS; Shepherd, SJ; Irving, PM; Biesiekierski, JR; Smith, S; Gibson, PR et al. (2010). «Manipulation of dietary short chain carbohydrates alters the pattern of gas production and genesis of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology». J Gastroenterol Hepatol.25 (8): 1366-1373. PMID20659225. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06370.x.Se sugiere usar |número-autores= (ayuda)
Peter R Gibson and Susan J Shepherd (2010). «Evidence-based dietary management of functional gastrointestinal symptoms: The FODMAP approach». Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology25 (2): 252-258. PMID20136989. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06149.x.
Schuppan D, Pickert G, Ashfaq-Khan M, Zevallos V (Jun 2015). «Non-celiac wheat sensitivity: differential diagnosis, triggers and implications». Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol (Revisión) 29 (3): 469-76. PMID26060111. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2015.04.002. «For the experienced clinician extraintestinal symptoms which are frequent serve as the best indicator of the disease, and accordingly, are increasingly recognized as hallmarks of NCWS [4,5]. When it comes to mainly intestinal symptoms, there may be a significant overlap with the spectrum of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) [6], wheat allergy which is frequently missed with conventional blood IgE and skin testing [7e9] and (less likely) intolerance to FODMAPs (fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols [10].»
Rosenbloom MH, Smith S, Akdal G, Geschwind MD (2009). «Immunologically mediated dementias». Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep (Revisión) 9 (5): 359-67. PMC2832614. PMID19664365. «Although most neurologists have experience diagnosing and treating typical dementias, such as those due to neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, few neurologists have as much familiarity with autoimmune causes of dementia. Whereas Alzheimer's disease can be managed at a more leisurely pace, the immune-mediated dementias typically require urgent diagnosis and treatment with immunosuppressants or the underlying etiology. Increased awareness of the immune-mediated dementias and their comorbid symptoms should lead to prompt diagnosis and treatment of these fascinating and mysterious conditions.»
Lundin KE, Wijmenga C (Sep 2015). «Coeliac disease and autoimmune disease-genetic overlap and screening». Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol12 (9): 507-15. PMID26303674. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.136.
Ciccocioppo R, Kruzliak P, Cangemi GC, Pohanka M, Betti E, Lauret E, Rodrigo L (22 de octubre de 2015). «The Spectrum of Differences between Childhood and Adulthood Celiac Disease». Nutrients7 (10): 8733-51. PMID26506381. doi:10.3390/nu7105426.
El-Chammas K, Danner E (Jun 2011). «Gluten-free diet in nonceliac disease». Nutr Clin Pract (Revisión) 26 (3): 294-9. PMID21586414. doi:10.1177/0884533611405538. «Historically, a GFD was occasionally used in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS), because anecdotal reports indicated a positive effect (reversal of symptoms) of a GFD in MS patients. (GFD=gluten-free diet) TRADUCCIÓN: Históricamente, la DSG se ha utilizado ocasionalmente en el tratamiento de la esclerosis múltiple (EM), porque casos documentados indican un efecto positivo (reversión de los síntomas) de una DSG en pacientes con EM. DSG=dieta sin gluten».
Kalaydjian, AE; Eaton, W; Cascella, N; Fasano, A (2006 Feb). «The gluten connection: the association between schizophrenia and celiac disease». Acta Psychiatr Scand113 (2): 82-90. PMID16423158. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00687.x.
Ludlow AK, Rogers SL (2017). «Understanding the impact of diet and nutrition on symptoms of Tourette syndrome: A scoping review.». J Child Health Care (Revisión): 1367493517748373. PMID29268618. doi:10.1177/1367493517748373. «Anecdotal reports have suggested that children with TS have abnormal reactions to gluten, and the chemical manipulation of this protein has been suggested to result in a substance that exacerbates tics. [...] A recent case reported in the literature involved a 13-year-old female with a 10-year history of tics and OCD. Despite a family history for celiac disease, she failed to show symptoms of the disease herself, but instead met the criteria for nonceliac gluten sensitivity. After 1 week of being placed on a gluten-free diet, her tics were reported to diminish, and within a few months the tics completely disappeared (Rodrigo et al., 2015). Informes anecdóticos han sugerido que los niños con síndrome de Tourette tienen reacciones anormales frente al gluten y se ha sugerido que la transformación química de esta proteína da como resultado una sustancia que exacerba los tics. [...] Un caso reciente documentado en la literatura involucra a una mujer de 13 años con un historial de 10 años de tics y trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. A pesar de los antecedentes familiares de enfermedad celíaca, no mostró síntomas de esta enfermedad sino que cumplía los criterios de sensibilidad al gluten no celíaca. Tras una semana desde el comienzo de una dieta sin gluten, sus tics disminuyeron y en unos pocos meses los tics desaparecieron por completo (Rodrigo et al., 2015).».
Catassi C, Elli L, Bonaz B, Bouma G, Carroccio A, Castillejo G, Cellier C, Cristofori F, de Magistris L, Dolinsek J, Dieterich W, Francavilla R, Hadjivassiliou M, Holtmeier W, Körner U, Leffler DA, Lundin KE, Mazzarella G, Mulder CJ, Pellegrini N, Rostami K, Sanders D, Skodje GI, Schuppan D, Ullrich R, Volta U, Williams M, Zevallos VF, Zopf Y, Fasano A (18 de junio de 2015). «Diagnosis of Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS): The Salerno Experts' Criteria». Nutrients. 2015 Jun 18;7(6):. doi: . (Consenso Médico) 7 (6): 4966-77. PMC4488826. PMID26096570. doi:10.3390/nu7064966.
Fasano A, Sapone A, Zevallos V, Schuppan D (May 2015). «Nonceliac gluten sensitivity». Gastroenterology (Revisión) 148 (6): 1195-204. PMID25583468. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.049. «One of the most controversial and highly debated discussions concerns the role of gluten in causing NCGS. Recent reports have indicated that gluten might not be the cause of NCGS, and some investigators still question whether NCGS as a real clinical entity. (...) Cereals such as wheat and rye, when consumed in normal quantities, are only minor sources of FODMAPs in the daily diet (Table 1). Therefore, gluten-containing grains are not likely to induce IBS exclusively via FODMAPs. In contrast, there is growing evidence that other proteins that are unique to gluten-containing cereals can elicit an innate immune response that leads to NCGS, raising a nomenclature issue. For this reason, wheat sensitivity, rather than gluten sensitivity, seems to be a more appropriate term, keeping in mind that other gluten-containing grains such as barley and rye also can trigger the symptoms.»
Aziz I, Hadjivassiliou M, Sanders DS (Sep 2015). «The spectrum of noncoeliac gluten sensitivity». Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol (Revisión) 12 (9): 516-26. PMID26122473. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.107. «In fact, the effects of gluten were questioned after it was demonstrated that individuals with self-reported NCGS already on a GFD further benefited when placed on a low FODMAP diet.37 Furthermore, the 37 participants in this study then underwent a DBPC crossover trial whereby they received high-dose gluten (16 g gluten per day), low-dose gluten (2 g gluten and 14 g whey protein per day) or control (16 g whey protein per day) for 1 week followed by a washout period of at least 2 weeks before switching to the next diet. The investigators found no specific or dose-dependent effect of gluten.37 However, recruitment for this study was through media advertisement and many of the individuals presenting with self-reported NCGS were still symptomatic while on their GFD, recording visual analogue scale ratings of up to 60; this finding might not be reflective of those who truly have NCGS. Also, the DBPC crossover trial showed a nocebo response among the three arms, which suggests an anticipatory effect of the crossover study design. 37. Biesiekierski, J. R. et al. No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates. Gastroenterology 145, 320–328 (2013).».
Biesiekierski JR1, Muir JG, Gibson PR (diciembre de 2013). «Is Gluten a Cause of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in People Without Celiac Disease?». Curr Allergy Asthma Rep (Revisión) 13 (6): 631-8. PMID24026574. «"the trap of assuming that response to a GFD or exacerbation of symptoms due to a gluten-containing diet reflects specific effects of gluten should be outlawed and credence be given to the other wheat-related food constituents that can also cause gastro-
intestinal symptoms. Perhaps if these rules were followed, we would now be a lot closer to defining mechanisms by which gluten might act, might have developed biomarkers to identify patients who truly do have NCGS and perhaps, most importantly, answered the question of whether NCGS does really exist. On current evidence the existence of the entity of NCGS remains unsubstantiated.»
Vriezinga SL, Schweizer JJ, Koning F, Mearin ML (Sep 2015). «Coeliac disease and gluten-related disorders in childhood». Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology (Revisión) 12 (9): 527-36. PMID26100369. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.98.
Elli L, Branchi F, Tomba C, Villalta D, Norsa L, Ferretti F, Roncoroni L, Bardella MT (21 de junio de 2015). «Diagnosis of gluten related disorders: Celiac disease, wheat allergy and non-celiac gluten sensitivity». World J Gastroenterol (Revisión) 21 (23): 7110-9. PMC4476872. PMID26109797. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i23.7110. «In a recent study by Biesiekierski et al[77] the concept of NCGS as a syndrome has been questioned. In that study, patients with self-reported NCGS on a GFD showed further improvement when placed on a low FODMAP diet and blinded gluten re-introduction led to no specific or dose-dependent effect. However, in those patients the reintroduction of both gluten and whey protein probably had a nocebo effect similar in all groups, which might have concealed the true effect of gluten/wheat re-introduction. 77. Biesiekierski JR, Peters SL, Newnham ED, Rosella O, Muir JG, Gibson PR. No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:320–8.e1-320-8.e3.».
Fasano A, Sapone A, Zevallos V, Schuppan D (May 2015). «Nonceliac gluten sensitivity». Gastroenterology (Revisión) 148 (6): 1195-204. PMID25583468. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.049. «FODMAPs cause mild wheat intolerance at most, limited to intestinal symptoms, so we can exclude them from further discussion in the context of NCGS. Patients with NCGS resolve symptoms after they eliminate glutencontaining grains, despite continuing to ingest FODMAPs from other sources.»
niddk.nih.gov
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (2016). «Definition and Facts for Celiac Disease». Consultado el 3 de marzo de 2017.
«FODMAPs». King's College, London. Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Research Projects. Archivado desde el original el 6 de mayo de 2013. Consultado el 18 de marzo de 2012.
